Culture,politics and ergonomics

The beginning of a new century is an appropriate moment to consider the role of ergonomics in relation to the problems facing society. To help solve these serious global problems, ergonomics needs to be open to new disciplines, particularly those in the social sciences. Also, it may be difficult to generalize research on human-centred sociotechnical design without taking into account national characteristics, economics and political constraints. Currently there is more interest than ever in what ergonomics has to offer, but to deliver its promise requires a much broader approach than is usual. By adopting such new approaches one may help solve both the problems of the overdeveloped post-industrial societies and those of the societies of the Third World, where a new approach to work and economics may provide an improved chance for development given the recent changes in global economic policy.     

计算机文化基础课的有效教学研究

计算机文化基础课教学中存茬单纯的技术教学导致学生机械而被动地学习技术，不能根据实际问题的需要利用技术解决问题，已不适应计算机现代教育的要求。本文认为培养学生的信息素养应为计算机基础课的核心教学目标，从主体交流与合作、教学与学生实际生活联系、计算机文化与专业结合、自主学习探索了如何对计算机文化基础课进行有效教学。     

计算机文化基础课的有效教学研究

计算机文化基础课教学中存在单纯的技术教学导致学生机械而被动地学习技术,不能根据实际问题的需要利用技术解决问题,已不适应计算机现代教育的要求.本文认为培养学生的信息素养应为计算机基础课的核心教学目标,从主体交流与合作、教学与学生实际生活联系、计算机文化与专业结合、自主学习探索了如何对计算机文化基础课进行有效教学.     

计算机文化基础课的有效教学研究

计算机文化基础课教学中存在单纯的技术教学导致学生机械而被动地学习技术,不能根据实际问题的需要利用技术解决问题,已不适应计算机现代教育的要求。本文认为培养学生的信息素养应为计算机基础课的核心教学目标,从主体交流与合作、教学与学生实际生活联系、计算机文化与专业结合、自主学习探索了如何对计算机文化基础课进行有效教学。     

Game-based Learning and 21st century skills: A review of recent research

Game-based learning and 21st century skills have been gaining an enormous amount of attention from researchers and practitioners. Given numerous studies support the positive effects of games on learning, a growing number of researchers are committed to developing educational games to promote students’ 21st century skill development in schools. However, little is known regarding how games may influence student acquisition of 21st century skills. This paper examines the most recent literature in regard to game-based learning and identified 29 studies which targeted 21st century skills as outcomes. The range of game genres and game design elements as well as learning theories used in these studies are discussed, together with the range of indicators, measures and outcomes for impacts on 21st century skills. The findings suggest that a game-based learning approach might be effective in facilitating students’ 21st century skill development. The paper also provides valuable insights for researchers, game designers, and educators in issues related to educational game design and implementation in general.     

The social organisation of communication in the home of the twenty-first century: an analysis of the future of paper-mail and implications for the design of electronic alternatives

This paper reports ongoing investigations into the use and role of paper-mail communications in domestic environments. It utilises ethnographically informed data to analyse how paper-mail supports various social roles within the home, particularly a division of labour whereby women tend to be largely responsible for what may be called "managing the home". Implications for the future of paper-mail are considered, as well as suggestions made about how email tools may be designed to reflect the patterns of social organisation within the home. Electronic Publication     

Ergonomics aspects of the automated factory

Abstract

The paper outlines some of the implications for ergonomics of the current trend towards ‘automated factories’; ones in which human functions will be largely supervisory and minute-by-minute control will be by computers. These implications are discussed under the headings: locus of control and accountability; organization, staffing and training issues; decision aids; the transfer of knowledge among multiple users; and knowledge capture. It is clear that much of ergonomics knowledge is relevant to these matters; nevertheless there are areas where more research is required. These are outlined at the end of the paper.     

基于民族文化探讨我国艺术设计的发展

随着对西方艺术设计的学习和借鉴,我国的艺术设计也取得了相应的发展。与此同时,我国的艺术设计也面临着相应的问题,如缺乏自主创新和民族特色。我国的民族文化有着历史悠久,特色鲜明的特点,将我国的民族文化与我国的艺术设计进行有效的结合。是推动我国艺术设计不断发展与创新的有效手段。文章分析了民族文化在我国艺术设计中的价值和应用形式,并就民族文化与艺术设计的融合进行了相关探讨。     

Ergonomics of electronic mail address systems: related literature review and survey of users

The paper reviews the cognitive ergonomics literature related to electronic mail (e-mail) address design. Based on this information, a survey of 160 users of current e-mail address system was conducted. The aim was to obtain information on likes, dislikes and difficulties associated with e-mail address and to obtain users' suggestions and input for improving the current e-mail address system. The survey results indicated that users want an improved e-mail address system with regard to shorter length, useful information and appropriate presentation of information.     

General pattern of global system conflicts and global threats of the 21st century

Data on global conflicts took place from 750 B.C. up to now are analyzed and their general pattern is revealed. An attempt is made to foresee the next global conflict called the conflict of the 21st century. Its nature and main characteristics are analyzed. Main global threats are listed, and their impact on five groups of countries is determined using cluster analysis. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 5, pp. 87–99, September–October 2007.     

Ergonomics approach applied to the problems of two disabled people

Two case studies are presented to illustrate the potential of an ergonomics approach, in facilitating and widening the range of activities disabled people can perform. This approach, as illustrated here, can be used as an essential practical tool in employment rehabilitation centres and the resettlement of disabled people in open employment.     

试论新中式风格的室内设计

新中式风格,是中国传统风格文化意义在当前时代背景下的演绎;是对中国当代文化充分理解基础上的当代设计。新中式风格不是纯粹的元素堆积,而是通过对传统文化认识,将现代元素和其他经典元素结合在一起,以现代人的审美需求来打造富有传统韵味的事物,让传统艺术的脉络传承下去。     

微电子技术与21世纪经济

在阐述知识经济将成为 2 1世纪主导经济的基础上 ,以大量数据和实例重点论述了微电子技术将成为 2 1世纪经济的支撑技术。最后提出了发展我国微电子技术、迎接 2 1世纪经济的建议     

Ergonomics of posture--review of various problems of standing and sitting posture

Medical and ergonomic field studies indicate that bad standing and sitting postures are sometimes accompanied by pains in muscle and connective tissues of tendons, joint capsules and ligaments. There is evidence that such pains can become the symptoms of chronic diseases attributed to rheumatic disorders. Recent orthopaedic research revealed that inadequate standing and sitting postures provoke excessive increases of intradiscal pressure. These orthopaedic findings, together with ergonomic investigations on sitting behaviour and somatic troubles, provide good bases for the construction of rest chairs and work seats.     

Singular problems and the global element method

The global element method is applied to a variety of two-dimensional problems (homogeneous and inhomogeneous) exhibiting singular behaviour. The results obtained converge very rapidly (even close to the singularity). It would appear that the method is superior to a finite element method for determining this singular behaviour.     

浅析环境艺术设计创作中的文化构思

文化的意识形态特征,使环境艺术设计过程中的文化构思成为整体设计方案的灵魂。通过充分的文化构思准备,明确的构思立意以及具体深入的构思表现,具体而合理的呈现出文化构思的思维脉络,有利于突出环境艺术设计创作的精神性和创新性,并保证设计与实施的顺利进行。