衡水市工业节水效益分析

采用数理统计的方法,分别对用水比例、用水结构、节水效益等指标进行分析计算。通过对衡水市工业用水情况分析,衡水市工业用水指标和效率与发达地区还有一定差距,工业节水潜力巨大。     

连云港市雨洪资源利用模式及效益分析

为了缓解连云港市水资源短缺和洪涝多发矛盾,提高水资源的可持续利用程度,更好地服务于未来社会经济发展,有必要对雨洪资源进行合理利用。对连云港市雨洪资源利用进行初步分析,针对连云港市雨洪资源的特点,提出雨洪资源利用模式,估算雨洪资源可利用量,将连云港市雨洪资源可利用量按生活用水、工业用水、农业用水和生态环境用水进行分配,分别计算生活用水效益、工业用水效益、农业用水效益和生态环境用水效益,为我国平原地区雨洪资源利用效益分析提供了借鉴。     

工业用水定额指标考核与节约用水

本文总结了荣成市工业用水现状及计划用水实施情况，论述了工业用水定额指标的确定方法，分析了用水定额指标考核的节约用水效益；这对今后加强城市的水资源管理具有重要的意义。     

工业用水定额指标考核与节约用水

本文总结了荣成市工业用水现状及计划用水实施情况，论述了工业用水定额指标的确定方法，分析了用水定额指标考核的节约用水效益；这对今后加强城市的水资源管理具有重要的意义。     

内蒙古自治区工业用水定额修订研究

文章对内蒙古自治区地方标准《行业用水定额》(DB15/T385-2015)工业用水定额部分进行修订,以保障其覆盖性、先进性、合理性和实用性,将自治区工业用水定额作为最严格水资源管理、不断提高用水效率和效益、促进产业结构调整的重要依据。     

天津市工业用水定额制定方法探讨

工业用水定额的制定是加强水资源管理、推行节约用水的有效途径。针对天津市工业的用水特点和用水结构,分析了工业用水定额的影响因素,制定了编制用水定额的准则,并从计算理论上对工业用水定额的制定进行了探讨。     

生产用水和工业用水影子价格计算模型和应用

在中国九大流域片水利投入占用产出表的基础上,利用投入产出和线性规划相结合的方法,计算中国九大流域片生产用水和工业用水的影子价格.对所得结果作相关因素分析,建立求解生产用水和工业用水影子价格的两个非线性模型.计算了全国各省生产用水和工业用水的影子价格,并给出了小于省级行政区域生产用水和工业用水影子价格的计算模型.     

唐山市工业用水效率分析与控制

从万元工业取水量、用水重复利用率和万元工业取水量累积下降百分比3个方面,对唐山市近年来工业用水效率变化情况进行了分析计算,根据分析结果和唐山市工业用水存在问题,提出了坚持产业结构调整、提高用水技术、增加非常规水利用率等提高工业用水效率的控制方法及措施.     

山西省水价格行动的目标与对策

根据山西省黄河流域水利工程统计资料，分析了工业用水和农业用水的承受能力，提出了工业用水和农业用水的承受水价。     

三亚市工业用水定额评估与修订分析

在三亚市工业用水量的典型调查成果基础上,采用主观概率值法,计算了三亚市主要工业用水定额,并参照《海南省工业及城市生活用水定额(试行)》及国内其它地区工业用水定额标准,对三亚市主要工业用水定额进行评估,分析了三亚现状工业用水节水潜力。同时在《海南省工业及城市生活用水定额(试行)》的基础上,对三亚市主要工业用水定额进行了修订和完善,给出了三亚市主要工业用水定额标准修订值。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。