东方红水库对通肯河洪水的影响浅析

通过当发生水库为主洪水时,通肯河干流受东方红水库影响分析,通肯河干流至东方红水库区间控制面积较大,东方红水库不能完全控制通肯河干流洪水,从安全角度分析,通肯河干流设计洪水不考虑东方红水库影响。     

清河水库除险加固工程的水库设计及校核洪水位确定

根据辽河干流流域1953年和1995年两种典型年设计洪水成果,在满足清河水库承担的水库下游防洪任务的前提下,提出切实可行的清河水库防洪调度运行方式,确定清河水库除险加固工程的水库设计及校核洪水位。     

结雅、布列亚水库对黑龙江防洪需求的响应

为定量研究结雅水库和布列亚水库对黑龙江干流防洪需求的响应,以2013年黑龙江大洪水为例,基于马斯京根理论构建了河道洪水反向演算模型,分别以奇克站、乌云站和勤得利站为流域控制站点,分析计算结雅水库和布列亚水库对奇克、乌云和勤得利三站的防洪需求响应。位于俄罗斯结雅河上的结雅水库和布列亚河上的布列亚水库对黑龙江干流洪水具有明显的削峰、错峰作用;干流不同站点对水库的错峰要求不同,结雅、布列亚水库应分别进行错峰调度,将支流洪峰与干流洪峰错开,保障干流安全。     

乌鲁木齐河干流河段水量传播关系研究

基于乌鲁木齐河大西沟水库、乌拉泊水库、红雁池水库联合调度计算需要,针对乌鲁木齐河大西沟水库至乌拉泊水库之间干流河段,分析在已建水利工程影响下的乌鲁木齐河上下游水量传播演进规律。根据不同的下垫面条件及工程节点,将乌鲁木齐干流河段划分为上中下三段;采用乌鲁木齐河干流上各个节点的水文资料,对乌鲁木齐河干流上段、中段、下段的水量传播演进关系分别进行分析计算,通过实测和调查洪水对乌鲁木齐河干流水量传播关系进行验证,模拟值与调查实测值相差幅度仅4.22%,分析认为乌鲁木齐河干流大西沟水库坝址至乌拉泊水库入口水量传播一维模型合理,且具有较高的应用精度。     

黄河干流骨干水库综合利用调度模型研究

基于黄河干流骨干水库统一调度的思想,建立了满足黄河干流骨干水库综合利用调度模拟的模型框架,对龙刘(龙羊峡、刘家峡)水库综合利用调度模拟模型、宁蒙河段冲淤计算模型、中游水库调度和泥沙冲淤计算模型、黄河下游河道泥沙冲淤计算模型和水资源供需平衡模型等5个模型进行整合,构建了黄河干流骨干水库综合利用模拟模型,为评价已建水库的综合效益和进一步完善水库优化调度方案提供了技术支撑。     

镜泊湖 莲花水库洪水调度研究

镜泊湖、莲花水电站位于牡丹江干流上，镜泊湖水库坝址处控制流域面积１１ ８００ ｋｍ ２，莲花坝址处控制流域面积３０ ２００ ｋｍ ２ ，在镜泊湖、莲花水库梯级洪水调度设计中，对洪水选择以莲花水库为主。按两水库防洪要求及调洪原则对各设计频率洪水调节进行了分析，同时对镜泊湖水库为莲花水库错峰产生的效益进行了研究。     

生态文明理念在黄河干流水库调度中的应用

针对黄河干流水库运行所引发的生态环境问题,基于生态文明理念,提出了黄河干流水库生态调度的总体思路,并对其内涵、方法、关键问题和技术等相关问题进行了探讨,旨在通过引入生态文明建设的理念,探究黄河干流水库生态调度的更佳方式,为流域决策部门提供相应决策依据,并为其他流域水库生态调度提供参考。     

水事快报

出山店水库可研报告通过水规总院审查7月3日下午,水利部水规总院同意修改完善后的淮河出山店水库可研报告确定的建设任务和规模以及水库运行方式,将于近期出具可研报告审查意见报水利部。可研报告通过水规总院审查,标志着出山店水库前期工作又向前推进了一大步。出山店水库位于河南省信阳市境内浉河区游河乡出山店附近的淮河干流上,控制流域面积2900平方千米,设计总库容12.37亿立方米,是一座以防洪为主,兼顾灌溉、供水结合发电的水利枢纽。水库建成后,使干流王家坝以上的防洪标准由目     

张峰水库溢洪道三支臂弧形钢闸门设计与研究

张峰水库是位于山西省晋城市沁水县郑庄镇张峰村沁河干流上的一座大型水库。文中阐述了张峰水库枢纽工程溢洪道大跨度三支臂弧形钢闸门的设计,并对扭角的计算及液压启闭机的选用、减小组合错位偏差等技术问题进行了分析研究。     

飞来峡水利枢纽洪水预报模型研究

飞来峡水库的洪水预报和调度在北江流域的江河水库联合调度中十分重要，因此研究其洪水预报模型具有重要的意义。该模型设计分为上游干流及支流的流域降雨径流模型、区间的降雨径流模型和一维干流河网洪水演算动力学模型，其参数率定达到《水文情报预报规范》的甲级标准。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。