留金坝水电站水轮机选型与设计

介绍了留金坝水电站灯泡贯流式水轮机参数:比转速、单位流量、单位转速、吸出高度等的选择与计算。分析探讨了留金坝水电站灯泡贯流式水轮机的埋入部件、导水机构、转轮、径向轴承及主轴密封的结构特点和设计中的技术问题。     

溪洛渡水电站800MW级水轮机技术研究与实践

本文介绍了溪洛渡水电站800 MW级水轮机主要参数(水头、出力、稳定性指标、效率和流量、空化性能等)和主要部件结构(转轮、蜗壳和座环、导水机构、圆筒阀、主轴和主轴密封、水导轴承、补气系统和尾水管等)的设计成果。研究成果可供水电站设计和施工参考。     

水轮机部分新型结构的应用及效果

珊溪水电站水轮机比较新颖、除转轮叶片采用了最新的“Ｘ”叶片（另文论述）以外，导水叶摩擦装置、主轴无接触密封装置、ＲＶ－ＴＬ水导轴承结构均是当前行业中的新技术。该机具有结构简单、安装、维护方便、安全可靠、经济实用的优点。介绍了上述新型结构的特点及其应用与效果。     

阿海水电站主轴密封故障分析与处理

混流式水轮机主轴密封包括检修密封和工作密封两个部件,安装在水轮机转轮上部,水导油槽下方,其作用是:在机组运行或停机时,防止大量的水流入水车室和水导油槽,保证机组安全。由于主轴密封结构较为复杂,且安装位置狭窄,一旦发生故障将给分析处理工作造成一定困难。通过对阿海水电站3号水轮机工作密封故障分析处理过程的阐述,分析了主轴密封漏水故障的主要原因,根据原因提出了主轴密封漏水处理的方法,为混流式水轮机旋转式动密封装置漏水故障处理积累了宝贵的经验。本文所阐述的主轴密封故障,主要是指工作密封的漏水量超过设计值。     

尼那灯泡贯流式水轮机选型与结构设计

尼那水电站位于中国青海省黄河干流上，装有4台40MW灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组，转速107．1rpm，其水轮机转轮直径达6m，为目前中国境内运行的大型灯泡贯流机组之一。也是阿尔斯通公司近代的代表性产品。该机组是天津阿尔斯通公司设计制造的。本文介绍了阿尔斯通公司在贯流水轮机方面的先进技术，并介绍了针对该电站特点，进行水轮机选型，转轮开发及模型试验的过程；同时介绍了水轮机结构设计特点，如转轮采用缸动式结构、叶片密封形式、导水机构安全保护措施、主轴密封设计、组合轴承设计等。最后，机组实际运行证明，该产品的设计制造是成功的。     

龙马水电站水轮发电机组结构特点及安装

介绍龙马水电站水轮发电机组转轮、主轴、主轴密封、导水机构、导叶、定子、转子等结构特点、安装工艺措施,通过提高设计制造精度和安装工艺要求,使龙马水电站水轮发电机组各项性能指标达优。     

恰甫其海水电站80MW水轮机设计制造中的问题

文章介绍80MW水轮机转轮、导水机构、主轴密封、埋设部件、设计制造中的问题，总结了经验。     

水电站混流式机组随动自调整主轴密封应用研究

主轴密封是水轮机组的关键装置,因主轴密封结构、材质等因素,在机组运行中经常出现主轴密封失效,淹没、破坏水导轴承,影响机组正常运行的情况,特别是在高泥沙水质水电站中,主轴密封使用寿命短是普遍存在的问题。文章通过合理设计,应用了混流式机组随动自调整主轴密封,有效解决了主轴密封漏水及使用寿命短的问题,可在其他水电站机组密封结构改造及检修维护中推广应用。     

四川关州水电站水轮机结构设计

关州水电站为高水头、大容量的混流式水轮机机组,水轮机设计技术参数、结构件强度要求高。对水轮机转轮、转轮摩擦传递扭矩方式、转轮止漏装置、导叶传动机构、主轴下法兰对转轮补气结构、顶盖和蜗壳座环的优化设计和蜗壳水压试验工具的设计。     

浅谈下坂地水电站水轮机的安装

1 水轮机的技术特性 以新疆下坂地水利枢纽工程下坂地水电站安装水轮机的实际情况为例子,进一步说明水轮机的安装情况和工程操作,水电站的具体情况是,下坂地水电站有3台150MW混流式水轮机,水轮机为立式,含有微机调速器,转轮为上拆式,底环及尾水锥管为埋入式,新疆下坂地水利枢纽工程混流式水电站水轮机主要由转轮、导水机构、主轴密封、水导轴承、受油器等构成.水轮机为轴流转桨式,钢里衬混凝土蜗壳,T型断面,弯肘型尾水管,通过水、发大轴与发电机直接连接.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。