预应力钢衬钢筋混凝土坝后背管非线性分析

以龙开口水电站为例,提出了预应力钢衬钢筋混凝土坝后背管结构的设计方案,并采用非线性有限元理论对背管结构进行了极限承载力分析。研究了坝后背管结构的应力分布规律,并将预应力钢衬钢筋混凝土坝后背管与普通钢衬钢筋混凝土坝后背管进行对比分析。研究成果表明：预应力钢衬钢筋混凝土坝后背管结构具有节省投资、避免开裂、耐久性好等优点,是一种值得广泛应用和推广的压力管道结构形式。     

凌滩水电站坝顶门机轨道梁预应力锚索施工

坝顶门机轨道梁，采用预应力固技术施工是近年水电工程发展的方向。观测测试结果表明预应力效果良好。     

黄河下游移动式导流坝研究与应用

黄河下游游荡性河段河势游荡多变,难以控制,受长期小水流量过程影响,近几年一些河段畸形河势发育．威胁防洪工程和滩区安全。利用预应力钢筋混凝土管桩、盖梁和连接销柱为主要构件的组合式透水桩坝结构,通过钻机、高压射水拔桩器、吊车等主要施工机具可以进行桩坝施工、拆除和移动,根据桩坝在2009年黄河调水调沙期间的运用观测结果,该结构可以作为控制畸形河势、河道整治的可选坝型,应用前景广阔,但需要进一步开展水上施工技术研究,以便推广应用。     

凌津滩工程坝顶门机轨道梁预应力锚索施工

本文详细介绍了凌津滩水电站工程坝顶门机轨道梁预应力锚索的施工工艺和方法，对锚索张拉及后期预应力损失进行了综合分析。     

基于斜拉桥与支墩坝结构的预应力锚索斜拉坝模型构建

在斜拉桥和支墩坝结构的基础上，构建了一种新的“预应力锚索斜拉坝”坝型。该坝型由布置在坝面上游侧的三角形混凝土锚碇墩、预应力斜拉锚索和混凝土挡水坝体组合而成，通过预应力斜拉锚索，预先对挡水坝体施加应力，形成地基、锚碇墩和预应力锚索对挡水坝体的锚拉作用，水库蓄水后依靠挡水坝体与锚碇墩、预应力锚索系统共同作用来维持坝体稳定，并改善坝体的应力状态。该坝型具有工程量省、受力比支墩坝更为合理、能够充分利用材料工程特性等优点，是建设300 m级高坝很有竞争力的一种坝型，具有良好的发展远景。     

预应力锚索在二滩坝顶门机轨道梁中的应用

二滩水电站坝顶门机自重和运行荷载大，承担着底孔和中孔事故检修闸门运行启闭的任务，鉴于中部坝段坝顶布置有泄洪表孔，为了门机轨道布置的需要，在表孔闸墩间以预制混凝土大梁相连接，这些轨道下的大梁的承重要求也相应较高。二滩坝顶门机轨道梁大量采用了后张预应力锚索，有利于施工，解决了一些结构上的难题，同时也取得了一些设计和施工经验。     

预应力锚固技术在水口水电站工程中的应用

水口水电站在溢流坝闸墩，坝顶门机梁及启闭机梁等部位采用了预应力锚固技术。本文介绍了预应力锚固的设计及施工工艺，并通过对观测资料的分析，评价其设计的合理性。     

论水电站坝顶门机轨道梁施工技术

本文主要论述了某水电站坝顶门机轨道梁的施工技术.在保证工程质量的前提下,优化施工技术方案,能够提前完成施工任务.文章通过对预应力混凝土梁的预制场地布置和安装措施分析研究,总结出了水电站坝顶门机轨道梁优越的施工技术.类似工程可参考借鉴.     

预应力锚固在大坝基岩断层裂缝除险加固中的应用

我国很多大坝为二十世纪50、60年代兴建的,三类坝情况十分严重。在混凝土坝中,基岩断层裂缝对结构安全构成严重威胁,工程实例说明,预应力锚固和止滑重力墩以及高压固结灌浆不失为基岩断层裂缝补强加固的有效措施。本文简述了预应力锚固的施工方法和程序。     

黄河下游移动式不抢险潜坝试验工程结构设计

根据黄河下游移动式不抢险潜坝应用研究项目任务,选择在郑州惠金河务局南裹头工程下首滩岸修建试验潜坝,设计中首次采用预应力混凝土管桩、预制混凝土连接销轴、连系帽梁有机组合的拼装式结构,实现了不抢险潜坝的简便拼装、拆卸和移动。实践证明该潜坝作为黄河下游河道整治的一种新坝型结构具有广阔应用前景。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。