衬底温度对氧化锌薄膜场发射性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射法制备了不同衬底温度的氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜.研究了其场发射特性,分析了场发射特性和衬底温度的变化关系.实验结果表明, 开启电场随着衬底温度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,场发射特性的变化是由于衬底温度的改变引起表面形貌的变化所致.衬底温度为300 ℃时沉积的ZnO薄膜样品粗糙度最小,场发射性能最差,其开启场强为1.7 V/μm,场强为3.8 V/μm时电流密度仅为0.001 97 A/cm2;衬底温度为400 ℃时沉积的ZnO薄膜样品表面粗糙度最大,场发射特性也优于其他薄膜;开启场强为0.82 V/μm, 场强为3.8 V/μm时电流密度稳定在0.03 A/cm2.Fowler-Nordheim(F-N)曲线为直线表明, 电子是在外加电场的作用下隧穿表面势垒束缚发射到真空的.     

碳纳米球薄膜的场发射特性

利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法,在Si(100)衬底上制备了碳纳米球薄膜。利用拉曼光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜研究了薄膜的结构以及表面形貌,表明碳纳米球薄膜是由约2～3μm长、100nm宽的无定形碳纳米片相互缠绕、交织成球状而构成的。在高真空系统中测量了碳纳米球薄膜的场发射特性,结果表明,碳纳米球薄膜具有良好的场发射特性,阈值电场为3.1V/μm,当电场增加到10V/μm时,薄膜的场发射电流密度可达到60.7mA/cm2。通过三区域电场模型合理地解释了碳纳米球薄膜在低电场、中间电场和高电场区域的场发射特性。     

Si和Si尖上纳米金刚石场电子发射性质的研究

研究了Si和Si尖上纳米金刚石场电子发射性质。纳米金刚石是利用热灯丝CVD法合成的，反应气体是CH4、N2和H2的混合物。实验结果表明Si衬底上的纳米金刚石特别是Si尖上的金刚石与多晶金刚石相比，前者极大地改善了场发射性质。场发射电场阈值和电流与金刚石晶粒度密切相关。文中对其结果进行了讨论。     

过渡层对类球状微米金刚石聚晶的场发射影响

在陶瓷衬底上通过磁控溅射方法镀上金属Ti层后,改用CH4为溅射气体制备一层碳化物过渡层,利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)法制备出类球状微米金刚石聚晶薄膜。利用扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和x-射线衍射分析了薄膜的结构和表面形貌。测试了类球状微米金刚石聚晶膜的场致电子发射特性,有过渡层制备的类球状微米金刚石聚晶膜的场发射开启电场仅为0.9V/μm,在2.5V/μm的发射电场下电流密度是10.8mA/cm2,而无过渡层制备的类球状微米金刚石聚晶膜的开启电场为1.27V/μm,在2.5V/μm的发射电场下电流密度是0.5mA/cm2。实验结果表明,有碳化物过渡层的类球状微米金刚石聚晶薄膜的场发射特性效果更好。     

(100)定向CVD金刚石薄膜的制备及其电学性能

采用HFCVD制备金刚石薄膜的方法,以乙醇为碳源，氢气为载气，在适当的衬底温度下，合成出具有(100)晶面取向均匀生长的金刚石薄膜．SEM，XRD和Raman分析表明,所合成的金刚石薄膜是高质量的多晶(100)取向膜，厚度均匀、化学性能稳定,结构和性能与天然金刚石相接近．研究了室温下(100)取向金刚石薄膜的暗电流电压特性、稳态55Fe 5.9keV X射线辐照下的响应和电容频率特性．结果表明，退火后(100)取向多晶金刚石薄膜具有较低的暗电流和较高的X射线响应；高频下，电容和介电损耗都很小且趋于稳定，不随频率的变化而变化．     

金刚石薄膜的红外光学性能

采用热灯丝化学气相沉积法在硅衬底上沉积出金刚石薄膜，用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析独立式金刚石薄膜的红外光谱特性，其结果表明：在６．２５μｍ￣２５μｍ波段，平均红外透过率为６５％。由于生长的多晶金刚石薄膜粗糙表面，中红外波段出现红外散射损失，镀类金刚石薄膜后，红外散射损失可得到一定的程度的改善。     

(100)定向CVD金刚石薄膜的制备及其电学性能

采用HFCVD制备金刚石薄膜的方法,以乙醇为碳源,氢气为载气,在适当的衬底温度下,合成出具有(100)晶面取向均匀生长的金刚石薄膜.SEM,XRD和Raman分析表明,所合成的金刚石薄膜是高质量的多晶(100)取向膜,厚度均匀、化学性能稳定,结构和性能与天然金刚石相接近.研究了室温下(100)取向金刚石薄膜的暗电流-电压特性、稳态55Fe 5.9keV X射线辐照下的响应和电容-频率特性.结果表明,退火后(100)取向多晶金刚石薄膜具有较低的暗电流和较高的X射线响应;高频下,电容和介电损耗都很小且趋于稳定,不随频率的变化而变化.     

CVD金刚石薄膜的表面形貌研究

本工作采用HFCVD方法在Si、Mo衬底上生长出不同晶粒形貌的多晶金刚石薄膜,研究了生长条件(衬底温度、碳源浓度、反应压强)对金刚石薄膜晶粒形貌的影响。结果表明,在HFCVD方法中,金刚石薄膜晶粒形貌对生长条件十分敏感,生长条件的变化会导致不同形貌晶粒的生长。     

外延纳米金刚石膜及其场发射特性

研究了纳米金刚石外延薄膜的制备方法及其场发射特性。采用电泳方法将粒径20nm以下的纳米金刚石微品沉积到Ti电极衬底上，用热丝CVD方法在纳米金刚石微晶薄膜上再外延生长一层含非晶碳金刚石薄膜。用Raman光谱研究了外延纳米金刚石薄膜的结构并在高真空条件下研究了其场发射特性。     

灯丝温度对生长金刚石薄膜的影响

用热丝化学气相沉积法在Si（110）和钛合金衬底上淀积了金刚石薄膜。借助扫描电镜、喇曼光谱和X射线衍射等分析手段，研究了灯丝温度和衬底表面预处理对合成金刚石薄膜的影响。灯丝温度超过2300℃时，金刚石薄膜中含有多晶碳化钨；灯丝温度在1500～1800℃之间时，非金刚石碳相的含量增加。经预淀积类金刚石薄膜后，金刚石薄膜的形核密度大于机械抛光的形核密度。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.