新型合成磷酸酯加脂剂的研究

本文研究了合成磷酸酯加脂剂的反应机理、P2O5溶液加料法、含磷酯加脂剂复配法、产品性能及应用效果，为新型合成磷酸酯加脂剂工业化生产提供了工艺条件。     

D－9~＃结合型复合加脂剂的研究

本文论述了以菜籽油为原料，通过酰胺化、酯化、亚硫酸化、复配等工艺路线合成Ｄ－９＝结合型复合加脂剂的方法：讨论了原材料配比、温度等条件对产品合成及性能的影响，并介绍了该加脂剂的应用效果。     

含有机硅加脂剂的合成

本文报道了含有机硅皮革加脂剂的合成及应用。此种加脂剂的主要成份为有机硅与改性植物油的接技共聚物。它的结构由元素分析法、红外光谱法(IR)、物理常数的检测分析等方法确定。该加脂剂对各类皮革的加脂应用均得到了较理想结果。加脂后的皮革特别柔软,有类似于丝绸的滑爽感和丝光感,有一定的防水性能。特别适合各类绒面革和服装革的加脂。     

高档合成皮革加脂剂SE—40的研制与应用

本文论述了一种高档合成皮革加脂剂的制造与应用方法。 SE-40合成加脂剂是当前国内SE合成加脂剂系列产品的换代产品。它是同合成牛脚油、合成鲸脑油、脂肪酰胺化合物、高熔点脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯友其它加脂助剂所构成。 这种合成加脂剂乳液十分稳定,乳化性能优良,它与皮纤维具有一定结合性能。SE-40合成加脂剂比起现有的一般加脂剂,成革柔软、丰满、延伸性好,有弹性,革面滑润。     

D—9^#结合型复合加脂剂的研究

本文论述了以菜籽油为原料，通过酰胺化，酯化，亚硫酸化，复配等工艺路线合成Ｄ－＾＃结合型复合加脂剂的方法；讨论了原材料配比，温度等条件对产品合成及性能的影响，并介绍了该加脂剂的应用结果。     

气相色谱法在皮革加脂剂研究中的应用

本文论述了气相色谱分析方法在皮革加脂剂的合成研究及皮革加脂剂的剖析过程中的应用。     

SP—硫酸化高级脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯加脂剂的研制

本论文研究了硫酸化高级脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯的合成条件,并以硫酸化高级脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯为主要成份制得一种加脂剂—SP。利用物理—化学分析、IR等手段,对合成中间体及其产品进行了分析,获得了最佳合成条件。通过应用实验表明,该加脂剂对皮革具有很好的柔软、丰满作用,并能提高成革的丝光和弹性等性能。     

耐光皮革加脂剂合成方法研究

本文论述了皮革加脂剂耐光性能机理，综述了耐光加脂剂的合成方法，介绍了徐州化工研究所ＥＣＳ白色革及高档服装革加脂剂的性能及其应用效果。     

环烷酸磷酸酯型皮革加脂剂的合成及应用

针对目前我国皮革加脂剂品种少,产品档次低,石油产品在皮革工业中的利用率不高的实际情况。本工作采用正确的合成方法,研制出环烷酸磷酸酯型皮革加脂剂。将该产品应用于猪服装革的加脂过程中,得到的成革符合丰满、柔软、弹性好的感观质量要求,各理、化指标均达部颁标准。同时,该加脂剂作用后的成革具有抗张强度较高,加脂剂与皮革的结合较紧密的特点。在该加脂剂的合成过程中,通过进行大量的对比实验,选定了较佳的合成工艺条件;又通过IR、NMR等仪器确定了产品的分子结构。应用试验结果表明:最终的环烷酸磷酸酯盐型产品可望作为性能优良的皮革加脂剂而开发、利用。     

用油酸和乙二醇酯化合成加脂剂的研究

以油酸和乙二醇及马来酸酐为主要原料,合成了一种性能优良的加脂剂,同时详细讨论了各步反应的影响因素,得到最佳反应条件,并对该加脂剂进行了应用试验。     

芝麻核心种质芝麻素和芝麻酚林的关联分析

选用来源我国黄河流域至长江流域8省215份芝麻核心种质材料,对其种子中芝麻素（sesamin）和芝麻酚林（sesamolin）含量进行测定,芝麻素平均值5．24mg／g,变异范围为0．88～11．05mg／g,变异系数38．56％,芝麻酚林平均值3．30mg／g,变异范围为0．93—6．96mg／g,变异系数22．68％,二者均符合正态分布,且相关分析表明两者间呈极显著正相关;采用标记一性状关联分析法,进行芝麻素和芝麻酚林与SSR、SRAP、AFLP标记的关联分析。利用GLM模型共检测到33个标记与芝麻素和芝麻酚林极显著（P〈0．01）关联,同时与两种成分显著关联的有4个;利用MLM模型共检测到8个显著关联的标记,与两种成分显著关联的分别有4个;其中SSR标记SSll82-3在两种模型中同时极显著关联到芝麻素和芝麻酚林,且解释率较高。该研究将为芝麻功能性成分遗传改良和分子标记研究奠定重要基础。     

玉米醇溶蛋白功能性质的研究

以玉米醇溶蛋白为研究对象,选取若干影响因素对该蛋白的持水性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、黏度、吸油性等功能性质进行研究。结果表明：持水性随着溶液溶质浓度的增加呈现先增后减的趋势;随着蛋白质浓度增大,蛋白乳化性及乳化稳定性都增大,但变化趋势平缓,随着pH值变化,蛋白乳化性和乳化稳定性呈现先增后减的趋势,随着NaCl浓度增大,乳化性及其乳化稳定性均下降,随着葡萄糖浓度增大,乳化性及乳化稳定性均增加;随着蛋白质浓度的增加,蛋白的黏度也随之增大,随着pH值变化,蛋白黏度也呈现先增后减的趋势,随着NaCl浓度增大,黏度逐渐减小,随着葡萄糖浓度增大,黏度也随之增大;温度升高蛋白吸油性降低,降低幅度较为平缓,受温度变化的影响较小。     

内锭钩锭子的结构设计与探讨

为解决现有外锭钩锭子在纺纱过程中容易挂飞花、棉絮,给清理带来不便的缺陷,对锭子的外锭钩结构进行分析研究,并创新设计出两种新型的内锭钩锭子。重点分析了内锭钩锭子的设计思路、局限性、结构与特点;指出：内锭钩有两种形式,一是将内锭钩套装在内锭钩座上再套装在轴承座上,其加工精度要求低,零件加工方便,成本较少;二是直接加工于轴承...     

Factors influencing the chance of cows being pregnant 30 days after the herd voluntary waiting period

The objective of this study was to study factors affecting a reproductive performance indicator at the cow level adjusted for herd management strategy. Associations between the outcome variable, pregnant or not at the herd voluntary waiting period (VWP) plus 30 d (pregnant at VWP+30), and the predictor variables were analyzed using a multivariable, generalized estimation equations model that adjusted for clustering of the data at the herd level. The statistical analysis was stratified on parity. In total, 132,721 cows were retained for analyses, of which 29,113 (22%) were pregnant at VWP+30 d. Of the nonpregnant cows, 81,483 cows had records of artificial inseminations (AI) and 22,125 cows had no records of AI. The chance of pregnancy was higher for cows of the Swedish Red and for other/crossbreeds compared with Swedish Holstein, for cows from herds with high heat detection efficiency compared with cows from herds with medium and low heat detection efficiency, for cows from herds with long VWP (i.e., >51 d) compared with cows from herds with short VWP (<51 d), and for cows in freestalls compared with cows in tiestalls. The chance for pregnancy was lower for cows with severe problems at claw trimming compared with cows with no problems at trimming (only for second- and higher-parity cows), for cows that had a record of reproduction-related disease, for cows that had a record of any other disease compared with cows without record, for second- and higher-parity cows with records of dystocia compared with cows with no record of dystocia, for first-parity cows in the group with the highest milk yield compared with first-parity cows in the group with the lowest milk yield, for cows of third and higher parity in the group with the lowest milk yield compared with cows in higher yielding groups, for cows bred in summer compared with those bred in winter-spring (not significant for first-parity cows), and for cows with a twin birth had compared with cows with a single birth. We observed associations of the dose-response type, such that when the milk fat-to-protein ratio increased, the chance for pregnancy decreased, and as the somatic cell count increased, the chance for pregnancy decreased. In conclusion, factors that are known to affect reproductive efficiency also affect the chance of cows being pregnant at the herd VWP plus 30 d.     

施用等碳量生物炭和腐熟秸秆对土壤养分及有机碳库的影响

为明确生物炭和秸秆对植烟土壤养分和有机碳库的关系,采用田间定位试验,研究了等碳量的生物炭、腐熟秸秆、生物炭与腐熟秸秆配施对不同耕层土壤养分及有机碳库的影响。结果表明,施用等碳量的生物炭和腐熟秸秆处理后,不同耕层土壤除碱解氮外其他速效养分及碳库指标较常规化肥对照(CK)明显增加。单施生物炭处理对0～30 cm耕层土壤有机质含量(质量分数)的提升效果大于腐熟秸秆,而单施腐熟秸秆处理的不同耕层土壤可溶性有机碳及微生物量碳含量较单施生物炭处理均有所提高;生物炭与腐熟秸秆混施处理的10～20 cm耕层土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机质和总有机碳含量较单施腐熟秸秆处理分别提高22.26%、6.08%、8.68%和9.20%,且差异均达显著水平。可见,单施生物炭和单施腐熟秸秆对植烟土壤均有一定的改良作用,但二者混施的改良效果更好。     

壳聚糖复合乙氧基喹啉处理对贮藏早红考密斯梨抗氧化性的影响

探明壳聚糖复合乙氧基喹啉处理对梨贮藏期间抗氧化性和品质的影响。以‘早红考密斯’梨为试材,研究了壳聚糖复合乙氧基喹啉处理对梨贮藏期间自由基清除能力、抗氧化酶、抗氧化物质、品质和黑皮病发病率的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖复合乙氧基喹啉处理抑制了果实硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降,使黑皮病发生率降低了69.9%。该处理提高了果实的抗氧化能力,贮藏120d时,处理果的抗超氧阴离子自由基和抑制羟自由基能力分别比对照高8.4%和2.2%。壳聚糖复合乙氧基喹啉处理也诱导了果实中超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和过氧化物酶活性,保持了较高的总酚、花青素、抗坏血酸、还原型谷胱甘肽含量。综上所述,壳聚糖复合乙氧基喹啉处理明显保持了‘早红考密斯’梨的抗氧化能力和采后品质,并显著抑制了果实病害。      

Phosphorus-calcium metabolism and dietetic correction of its disorders in chronic kidney diseases in children

Ninety children with varying renal diseases were under observation. The investigations conducted have shown that disorders in phosphoric-calcium metabolism depend on the type, activity of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and etiology of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Significant disorders in phosphoric-calcium metabolism were detected in patients with nephrotic and mixed types of CGN. Most manifest clinical and x-ray changes of the osseous system were observed in patients with CRI that developed as a result of the tubulointerstitial pathologic process. Low-phosphate diets with preset amounts of Ca and P were developed, composed of products with relatively low content of P, and of new dietetic products rich in Ca. The diets were used for correction of hyperphosphatemia in children with CGN and in those with CRI, simultaneously with drug therapy, to prevent or diminish disorders in phosphoric-calcium metabolism, and to reduce the risk of invalidism among children with chronic renal diseases.     

Effects of different fertilization treatments on the physicochemical and noodle-making properties of Korean winter wheat cultivars

Changes in the quality of white salted noodles prepared with different types of Korean winter wheat were examined. Crude protein and amylose contents of various wheat cultivars ranged from 7.17 to 9.97 and 24.78 to 29.37%, respectively. The water holding capacities of Jokyung with base N-fertilizer (NF) and Keumkang with 40% increased NF compared with NF at the supplementary manuring (SM) were 95.70 and 70.69%, respectively. The dry gluten content of the Keumkang with 20% increased NF compared with SM at the panicle initiation stage (PS) was 12.5%, and the final viscosities of several cultivars with NF, PS, and SM did not differ. PS treatment increased the thickness of the noodle sheet, and the hardnesses of cooked noodles prepared using Goso, Baekjoong, Younbaek, and Keumkang wheat with PS or SM treatment were increased. The thickness was strongly positively correlated with dry gluten content (DG) and water binding in wet gluten. In order to improve the quality of fresh noodles, wheat flour prepared using Hojung, Goso, and Baekjoong cultivars under PS cultivation condition or wheat flour with higher protein content, DG contents, and WBG should be used.     

基于多元统计分析的不同品种和嫩度大叶种茶树新梢主要滋味物质的比较

为探究大叶种鲜叶原料的生化特性,本研究以云南大叶种（清水3号、香归银毫、云抗10号、云抗14号、云茶普蕊）的单芽、一芽一叶、一芽二叶、一芽三叶等不同嫩度的茶树新梢为研究对象,通过检测其主要滋味物质（茶多酚、黄酮苷、氨基酸及可溶性糖等）含量,探明不同品种云南大叶种鲜叶原料滋味品质随嫩度的变化规律,并运用多元统计方法研究不同嫩度鲜叶的分类,建立不同类别鲜叶的判别模型。结果表明,茶树新梢的成熟度越高,酚氨比、总简单儿茶素、黄酮苷、过氧化物酶等值越高（且一芽二叶和一芽三叶显著高于单芽和一芽一叶（P<0.05））,但没食子酸、氨基酸等值越低（且单芽和一芽一叶显著高于一芽二叶和一芽三叶（P<0.05））;茶多酚、总酯型儿茶素、咖啡碱等值随着嫩度的降低先升后降,与一芽三叶相比,一芽二叶的茶多酚、总酯型儿茶素、咖啡碱等值分别增加了7.67%、13.77%、10.22%;黄酮苷和可溶性糖中含量较高的组分分别为芦丁、蔗糖,质量分数范围分别为0.03%～0.93%、0.14%～1.14%;单芽的云抗14号、一芽二叶的清水3号分别为适制绿茶、适制红茶的较佳原料;多元统计分析可把不同嫩度鲜叶分为单芽...