蓝光LED与LD激发方式对白光光效的影响

为了进一步提高固态白光光源的光效,探寻激发源与光效的关系,文章以菲涅尔理论为基础,研究了蓝光LED和LD作为激发源时,光能利用率随入射角及偏振角的关系.LED为激发源时,其光能利用率最大为96％;线偏振态LD为激发源时,入射角度为布儒斯特角、偏振角度为0°时,其光能利用率可达100％.研究表明在荧光转换型白光中,线偏振特性的LD相较于非偏振态的LED具有更好的光能利用率.基于所得结论提出了一种适用于LD激发荧光粉获取白光的荧光粉模块,并用蒙特卡罗光线追迹法进行了仿真验证,模拟结果与理论值完全吻合.     

无荧光粉转换白光LED的研究和进展

白光LED具有节能、环保、寿命长等优点,它的问世是人类照明史上一个重大的里程碑,标志着一种全新的照明光源的诞生。为了提高白光LED的各项性能,克服现有技术的壁垒及不足,各种无荧光粉转换的新型结构的白光LED应运而生。本文在分析LED发光机理的基础上,给出了目前白光LED常用的3种制备方法及优缺点,列举了无荧光粉转换白光LED的最新发展,指出了无荧光粉转换白光LED面临的问题,并对无荧光粉转换白光LED的未来发展进行了总结。     

实现色温自动控制的白光LED照明系统设计

荧光粉发光LED作为白光光源在照明领域有着广泛的应用。长时间工作,荧光粉发光LED将出现色温偏移现象。荧光粉发光LED的色温偏移与芯片衰减和荧光粉衰减有关。提出了一种能同时考虑芯片衰减和荧光粉衰减的数学模型。从理论上分析了芯片衰减和荧光粉衰减对荧光粉发光LED的色坐标及色温变化的影响。提出了一种利用蓝光LED与荧光粉发光LED混合,通过对蓝光LED进行负反馈控制,保证蓝光辐射在全白光中的辐射功率比值恒定,从而实现色温稳定的白光LED照明系统。     

大功率集成LED光转换光源的研制

介绍了一种应用远程激发技术的大功率集成LED光转换光源,通过使用固晶区无绝缘层的镜面铝基板进行集成封装蓝光LED光源,即COB光源。所制蓝光光源与远程激发荧光粉模块结合制成LED光转换光源。利用镜面铝基板的高导热系数,解决多种LED封装形式下芯片点亮温度过高、光源衰减快的问题。采用LED荧光高分子模块与蓝光芯片分离结合的远程激发技术制成白光光源,解决荧光粉分布不均、热老化、色偏移问题。通过与传统粉胶封装方式制得的大功率集成LED器件比较测试,该种光源具有防眩光、光色均匀度高、长寿命、节能和环保的优点,从而具有更广泛的用途。     

荧光粉配比对大功率白光LED发光特性的影响

利用黄色、红色和黄绿色3种荧光粉混合的方法制备了一系列大功率平面发光LED光源,深入研究了黄色、红色和黄绿色3种荧光粉分别对大功率白光LED光源的发光效率、显色指数以及色温的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着黄色荧光粉含量的增加,其发光效率明显提高,最高可达140 lm/W,而显色指数和色温略有下降。随着红色荧光粉含量的增加,其显色指数明显提高,最高可达85,而发光效率和色温明显降低。随着黄绿色荧光粉含量的增加,其发光效率、显色指数以及色温均不同程度地略有下降,但是其对大功率白光LED的色容差起到很好的调节作用。     

深能级对白光LED的电致发光和I-V特性的影响

为了研究一种无荧光粉的单芯片白光发光二极管(LED)的光电性质,实际测量了它的升温电致发光光谱和升温电流-电压(I-V)特性,并测量了相似结构的蓝光LED以作对比。实验发现白光LED的电致发光光谱中有一个与有源区中的深能级相关的较宽的长波长发光峰,根据这个发光峰的强度与温度之间的依赖关系,通过数据拟合,得到了深能级的平均激活能,约为199 meV。由于有源区中存在大量深能级,也对白光LED的I-V特性产生一定影响,有源区中的深能级成为额外的载流子源,使白光LED的I-V特性表现出独特的性质。     

低色温高显色性大功率白光LED的制备及其发光特性研究

用GaN基大功率蓝光LED芯片作为激发光源，分别用荧光粉转换法和红光LED补偿法制备了不同相关色温及显色指数的白光LED。对器件的发光特性研究表明，采用监光LED芯片激发单一黄色荧光粉，虽可以获得光通量和发光效率较高的白光LED，但其色温较高，显色性较差；在黄色荧光粉中添加红色荧光粉，由于光谱中红色成分的增加，可降低器件的色温，并提高器件的显色性，但由于目前红色荧光粉的转换效率较低，致使器件的整体发光效率不高；采用蓝光LED芯片激发黄色荧光粉，同时用红光LED进行补偿，通过调整蓝光和红光LED芯片的工作电流以及荧光粉的用量，可获得低色温和高显色性白光LED，而且整体发光效率较高。     

白光LED荧光粉涂层用感光胶及其光化学反应

蓝光发光二极管(LED)芯片与黄色荧光粉组合,是一种实现白光LED的有效途径.采用粉浆法和光刻工艺,在蓝光LED芯片表面得到了一层平面黄色荧光粉层,实现了对荧光粉层的厚度和形状的控制,光谱测试显示所得器件达到了白光照明的要求.详细介绍了基于水溶性感光胶的荧光粉胶体的制备方法,并对其光化学反应的机理进行了初步探讨.     

荧光粉发光层对白光LED平面光源发光特性的影响

以COB形式封装的白光LED平面光源为研究对象,系统研究了平面封装结构中荧光层对白光LED平面光源发光特性的影响.采用丝网印刷法制备了不同浓度与印刷层数的荧光层,并采用平面封装的LED蓝光光源作为激发光源,以类比法研究分析了不同发光层膜厚对白光平面光源平均照度、色坐标和光通量等参数的影响,系统地阐述了发光层对平面光源发光性能的决定因素及工艺优化条件.结果表明,当荧光粉浆料浓度为46％～53.6％,厚度为20～38 μm时,结合平面蓝光LED激发可以获得照度大、颜色纯正的白光LED光源,且白光LED平面光源具有较高的光通量值,表现出优良的光学特性.     

白光LED的实现及荧光粉材料的选取

主要介绍了目前主流白光LED的封装方法,简述了各种方法的原理及优缺点。重点介绍了蓝光芯片与黄光荧光粉混合实现白光LED的机制。通过测试芯片发射谱、不同荧光粉材料的激发和发射谱,重点研究了蓝色芯片与黄色荧光粉材料的光谱匹配性,讨论了荧光粉材料的选取对器件的电学、光学性能的影响。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.