基于虚拟现实的临场感遥控作业系统的研究动向

本文阐述了虚拟现实技术在临场感遥控作业系统中的研究和应用背景、状况和 内容．综述了临场感遥控作业虚拟现实系统的最近进展．重点介绍了它在监控和协作控制、 劣质视觉反馈的遥作及具有通信时延的遥作方面的研究动向．指出临场感遥控作业虚拟现实 系统是今后临场感技术研究和发展的主潮流,并对我国今后在这方面的研究应遵循的基本原 则提出了建议．     

一种基于视觉,力觉临场感的遥控系统

1.引言 临场感是虚拟现实技术的一个重要的研究分支,它是随着八十年代遥控作业的需要而提出的。事实证明,遥控作业系统中,主端操作者只有获知了远地从端操作机尽可能丰富的状态信息,才能更为有效地完成控制任务。而这重要状态信息的获得,我们就是采用了临场感技     

虚拟现实力觉临场感系统中操作者的动力学模型

提出了虚拟现实力觉临场感遥控作业系统中操作者 (人 )在感受、传递以及执行信息的过程中实现了两种模式的动力学信息传递 ;力模式信息传递和运动模式信息传递 .建立了操作者 (人 )的动力学模型并将其分成融合、神经肌肉和执行三级 ,给出了其模型参数的确定方法 ,并做了实验研究 .本文的论述为系统的分析、设计和控制提供了重要依据     

遥控作业系统中基于力觉临场感的无源控制算法

提出了可定量评价遥控作业系统力觉临场感程度的指标函数，以此导出基于最佳力觉临场感的一种新的无源控制算法。实验表明该算法保证了系统在通讯时延下的稳定性和操作者的正确感知。     

遥控焊接力觉仿人智能参数校正级控制研究

通过分析遥控焊接过程机器人与工件接触力误差目标轨迹,在遥控焊接力觉仿人智能运动控制级控制基础上,建立了遥控焊接力觉仿人智能参数校正级控制基元集合、特征模型、多模态控制和多目标推理决策规则．实验表明,通过遥控焊接仿人智能力觉参数校正级控制,能减小焊接力觉实际相轨迹与理想相轨迹误差,使焊接操作者产生较好的力觉临场感效果,增强对遥控焊接复杂任务的操作能力,提高遥控焊接质量．     

应用模糊理论提高力觉临场遥感控作业系统的操作性能

针对作业环境的复杂性与不确定性,提出采用模糊理论对系统控制器进行在线实时调整,介绍了力学临场感遥控作业系统和如何利用模糊理论对ＰＩＤ控制参数的在线调整方法,给出了实验装置及其结果。     

应用模糊理论提高力觉临场感遥控作业系统的操作性能

针对作业环境的复杂性与不确定性,提出采用模糊理论对系统控制器参数进行在线实时调整.介绍了力觉临场感遥控作业系统和如何利用模糊理论对PlD控制参数的在线调整方法,给出了实验装置及其结果.     

空间力觉临场感遥控作业系统的时延无条件稳定性分析

空间遥控作业系统中存在很长的通信时延,造成遥控作业系统的不稳定和操作性能的降低,为此,从建立力觉临场感遥控作业系统的时延动力学方程出发,利用差分微分方程对系统的无条件稳定性进行分析,实验结果表明该分析方法是行之有效的。     

基于AR 模型的预测算法在力觉临场感遥控机器人系统中的应用

为解决力觉临场感遥控机器人系统的时延问题 ,本论文提出了将预测器引入该系统的新思路 .该预测器是基于AR模型对从手与环境间的作用力进行预测的 .本论文模拟了具有预测器的单自由度力觉临场感遥控机器人系统 ,并对该预测器的算法进行了仿真研究 .在时延条件下 ,该思路可实现对从机械手较为准确的控制     

临场感遥控作业机器人的力觉虚拟现实建模研究

虚拟现实技术是目前解决临场感遥控作业机器人系统中时延问题的有力手段。本文针对力觉虚拟现实的实现,提出一种新的力觉虚拟环境的建模方法。该方法引入虚拟物体的动力学特征,使得模型更具起初性,不仅可以生成交互时发生的弹性接触力,还可以生成操作过程中的惯性力以及接触过程中的摩擦力。实验表明了该方法的有效性。     

虚拟现实力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统的稳定性

具有良好的可操作性，又能确保系统稳定性是解决力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统时延问题的根本。本文阐述了采用Popov超稳定性理论分析并研究虚拟现实力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统的稳定性问题是行之有效的，并给出了其分析方法，指出Popov超稳定性与无源稳定性理论是条件一致的。实验显示本文所给出的方法的有效性。本文的论述对于系统的设计极具价值。     

VR-Based Teleoperation for Robot Compliance Control

Robots governed by remote human operators are excellent candidates for work in hazardous or uncertain environments such as nuclear plants or outer space. For successful teleoperation, it is important to let the operator feel physically present at the remote site. When the telerobotic system is used to execute compliance tasks in which simultaneous control of both position and force may be demanded and inevitable contact with environments is encountered, information about the interactions between the robot manipulator and the environment are especially crucial for the operator to make proper decisions. This paper proposes a VR-based telerobotic system for such compliance tasks. The proposed system provides both visual and haptic information. A local intelligence controller, capable of surface tracking and force regulation, is equipped on the robot manipulator to tackle the time-delay problem usually present in teleoperation and to share control load with the operator. The proposed telerobotic system is developed in a virtual environment due to recent gains in the capabilities and popularity of virtual reality to generate realistic telepresence. Experiments based on the surface-tracking and peg-in-hole compliance tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.     

Control gain adaptation in virtual reality mediated human–telerobot interaction

The Internet connects millions of computers worldwide, and provides a new potential working environment for remote‐controlled telerobotic systems. The main limitation of using the Internet in this application is random delays between communicating nodes, which can cause disturbances in human–machine interaction and affect telepresence experiences. This is particularly important in systems integrating virtual reality technology to present interfaces. Telepresence, or the sense of presence in a remote environment, hypothetically is positively related to teleoperation task performance. This research evaluated the effect of constant and random network (communication) delays on remote‐controlled telerover performance, operator workload, and telepresence experiences. The research also assessed the effect of using a system gain adaptation algorithm to offset the negative impact of communication delays on the various response measures. It was expected that with gain adaptation, system stability, performance, and user telepresence experiences would improve with a corresponding decrease in workload. Results indicated that gain adaptation had a significant effect on the performance measures. The study demonstrated that gain adaptation could reduce deterioration in telepresence experiences and improve user performance in teleoperated and telerobotic control. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 259–274, 2005.     

基于增强现实的机器人远程控制系统研究

虚拟现实技术的应用使远程控制系统得到发展,增强现实技术是虚拟现实技术的拓展,它将计算机生成的虚拟物体叠加到用户感知的真实世界中.提出并实现了一种基于增强现实的机器人远程控制系统,并就其结构和关键技术进行详细的说明,实验及运行结果表明该系统能有效地改善人机交互能力,并能提高远程控制的精度.     

基于虚拟现实的无时延感空间机器人遥控操作研究*

主要研究了克服空间机器人遥控操作时延问题的虚拟建模和仿真技术。首先概述了遥操作时延问题的研究现状;然后提出了一种基于虚拟现实预显示技术解决时延问题的方案;最后开发了基于虚拟现实的无时延感的遥控操作系统,并进行了仿真实验研究。仿真结果表明,虚拟现实技术在有效克服空间机器人遥控操作大时延中发挥了重要作用。     

一种基于Internet 力觉临场感遥操作无源控制算法

将Internet技术引入到力觉临场感遥操作系统是目前一个具有广阔应用前景的研究方向。由此，针对基于Internet力觉临场感遥操作系统所面临的变时延稳定控制问题，提出了一种基于波积分传输的无源控制算法。经过仿真，证明本算法可保证系统的无源性，并获得较好的操作性。     

临场感遥操作机器人系统克服时延影响的研究发展策略􀀂

时延问题是临场感遥操作机器人系统中亟需解决的首要问题.为了了解临场感遥操作机器人系统克服时延影响的研究发展策略及其最近的研究进展;指出基于虚拟现实技术的临场感遥操作机器人系统是今后临场感机器人技术研究和发展的主潮流;认为致力于设计并研究对几何建模误差和动力学建模误差均具有鲁棒性的临场感遥操作机器人系统,才是有效地解决系统通信时延问题,并使其系统稳定,又具有良好可操作性的切实可行的办法.     

Situation awareness and attention allocation measures for quantifying telepresence experiences in teleoperation

This study assessed the utility of measures of situation awareness (SA) and attention allocation for quantifying telepresence, the sense of being present at a remote site, in a teleoperation task scenario. Attention and SA have been identified as cognitive constructs potentially underlying telepresence. The motivation for this research was to establish an objective measure of telepresence and investigate the relationship between telepresence and teleoperation performance. Twenty‐four research participants performed a virtual ordnance disposal task at varying levels of difficulty (LODs). The task involved locating, identifying, and disposing of virtual land mines in an outdoor environment using a simulated remote‐control rover with a robotic arm. Performance, SA, and attention allocation were recorded along with subjective assessments of telepresence. Results demonstrated LOD effects on performance and telepresence. Regression analysis revealed LOD and attention to explain significant portions of the variance in telepresence. Results of the study provide further evidence that telepresence may share a relationship with performance, and that cognitive constructs, such as attention and SA, may serve as alternative, objective measures of telepresence. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 51–67, 2004.