Assessment of psychopathy in male young offenders.

We investigated the psychometric properties of an 18-item modification of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) in a sample of 75 male young offenders incarcerated in a maximum-security institution. The distribution and psychometric properties of PCL scores were similar to those found previously (e.g., R. D. Hare; see record 1985-20280-001) in samples of young adult inmates. PCL scores were significantly correlated with the number of conduct-disorder symptoms, previous violent offenses, violent behavior in the institution, and violent recidivism. These and related results from several other studies indicate that the PCL shows promise as a research instrument for the assessment of psychopathy in male young offenders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Privacy and behavioral research: Preliminary summary of the report of the Panel on Privacy and Behavioral Research.

Studied threats to privacy (PR) and ethical aspects of human research in connection with behavioral research programs by examining relevant research in the behavioral sciences and the practices of universities, government agencies, and the scientific community. Most current practices posed no threat to the PR of research Ss. When it is not possible to obtain fully informed consent from research Ss, consent must be based on trust in the scientist and the sponsoring institution. PR must be ensured by the maintenance of confidentiality. Legislation to protect research Ss' PR is not desirable because it may discharge researchers of their responsibilities. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology and the military: Research applications and trends.

Perhaps no other institution has been as inextricably linked with the growth and development of psychology as the military. This symbiotic relationship, born of the expediency of World War I, rests on two roles: (a) the military as a test-bed or applied laboratory for the examination of psychological processes, and (b) the military as an impetus to initiate and direct research and innovation in psychology. In this article, we examine three areas of research that in historical perspective have most prospered from this relationship: selection and classification, training, and human factors. We address topics that hold promise for future collaboration and describe how the military manages research and development. Finally, to assist those interested in research opportunities with the military, we profile the primary behavioral science research organization within the Department of Defense. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于CNKI的X射线荧光光谱研究文献计量学分析

为客观掌握我国X射线荧光光谱(XRF)的研究进展,采用中国知网(CNKI)库内相关研究论文的年度分布、机构、基金、期刊来源等数据,结合Citespace的关键词分析方法,系统揭示了我国X射线荧光光谱的研究进展。结果表明:我国X射线荧光光谱研究处于快速发展阶段,每年论文发表数量呈指数增长;发表研究论文数量最多的是成都理工大学(69篇),总被引频次最高的机构是中国地质科学院国家地质实验测试中心(819次);目前X射线荧光光谱研究受到国家层面的基金支持力度不足;被引频次最高的论文第一作者是李国会(被引93次);发文量和论文被引率最高的期刊是《冶金分析》(300篇、占86.3%);总被引频次和篇均被引频次最高的期刊是《岩矿测试》(2541次、14.4次/篇);关键词分析结果表明,研究热点集中在样品制备、分析方法研究、检测应用;理论研究所占比例远远低于应用研究。所进行的研究对了解X射线荧光光谱的发展动态,推动相关研究工作的深化将产生重要的意义。     

On the mitosis of JCPP.

Addresses the concerns surrounding the division of the Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology (JCPP) into separate comparative and physiological publications. There is ample research to justify a journal of comparative psychology. The growing theoretical importance of etiological, ecological, and sociobiological approaches to behavior demands the institution and nurturance of a genuinely comparative publication within the American Psychological Association. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈转制科研单位的内部会计控制

针对目前大多数科研单位在内部会计控制中存在的问题，探讨了科研单位在转制过程中应如何建立和完善内部会计控制制度，以达到防范经营风险，保护资产安全、完整，促进单位经营管理目标和政策有效实施。     

Medical and natrual scientists behind the museum which became the University of Bergen

The University of Bergen celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1996. The University was built on an earlier institution, the Bergen Museum, founded in 1825. From 1880 until the beginning of this century the Museum gradually developed into an institution for research and higher education. The article describes work done by some of the key persons involved in this process, mainly medical and natural scientists. In particular, their international relations and ability to cooperative with other scientists were crucial factors in establishing the pillars of the later University of Bergen. Today, the University of Bergen has nearly 18,000 students and seven faculties, and is a highly internationalised institution.     

Behavioral science activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: A selected overview of exemplary programs.

Behavioral research and surveillance activities are conducted across the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This article highlights activities in 4 program areas: violence against women, tuberculosis elimination, HIV prevention, and occupational health. The unique constraints and opportunities of each organization and program focus have shaped the way research has developed in each of these areas. Behavioral scientists also face many common challenges at CDC. Despite the difficulties of integrating behavioral research into an institution that historically has focused on biomedical and epidemiological research, behavioral scientists have made important contributions to public health. Many opportunities remain for psychologists to translate theory and operationalize constructs for use in solving important public health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Angus Campbell.

Presents the biography and scientific contributions for Angus Campbell, a recipient for the award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution in 1974. For his leadership in bringing social psychology to bear upon the patterning of perceptions, attitudes, and complex behaviors observed in historically significant populations, through the development of the sample survey. His research interests have ranged widely, from seminal studies of political behavior, through race relations, to more recent inquiries concerning the perceived quality of life. His wisdom and far-sightedness as an administrator have nurtured a large research institution of remarkable disciplinary breadth, and he commands the deep respect and affection of his diversely trained colleagues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Institutional sources of articles in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology : 1969-1975.

Determined the institutions that are most productive in clinical research as indicated by publication in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology . Midwestern universities were leading contributors, although no one institution or group of institutions was dominant. Similarities and contrasts between the present list of productive institutions and one published earlier by A. S. Gurman (see record 1971-09154-001) are indicated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Environmentally produced retardation-institution and preinstitution influences.

This investigation seeks to test the hypothesis that adverse experiences with mother prior to entry into institution may account partially for the retardation of verbal ability found in institution children. The Ss are "trainable" retardates in an institution and in day centers. The findings confirm the predictions. Institution children who had adverse relations with mother in the preverbal years are significantly lower in present verbal ability than a matched group of institution children from relatively adequate homes. However, the latter group is significantly lower in verbal ability than a matched group of noninstitution children. It is concluded that factors operating prior to entry as well as subsequent to entry into institution had contributed to an environmentally produced retardation of verbal ability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

日本四大钢铁企业研发动向分析

介绍了日本新日铁、JFE、住友金属和神户制钢四大钢铁企业的研发机构、研发投入和研发成果等，同时分析了日本四大钢铁企业的研发动向，总结了四大钢铁企业的研发特点。     

Caring for relatives with serious mental illness at home: the experiences of family carers in Hong Kong

In its first 25 years, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) has become a quality institution of medical education that provides a steady flow of career physicians for the military. It compares favorably with U.S. medical school averages in all aspects of undergraduate medical education: faculty, teaching facilities, matriculants, curriculum, student performance, and cost. USUHS provides excellent medical education and adds unique preparation for uniformed public service. It also provides military-specific graduate education, graduate medical education, continuing health education, medical research, clinical services, consultation, public service, and ties with international military, medical, and research institutions.     

Written patient information. Analysis of Danish biomedical research programs]

All patients involved in biomedical research must, according to the Helsinki II declaration, receive complete verbal and written information about the project. Valid consent must be based on adequate information. This study analyses all of the 225 written patient information sheets submitted for approval to the regional research ethical committee covering the three southernmost counties in Jutland (Denmark) during the years 1989 and 1990. Linguistic analysis shows that the information is written in a difficult style with a median readability index of 48.2. It is generally recommended that information directed to the general public should have a readability index below 40 (approximately the level of the popular press). Analysis of information content shows that several important pieces of information are often missing: for instance, information about the name of the leader of the research and about the fact that the relationship with the institution will not be adversely affected by a refusal to participate in the research programme.     

Assertion training for mental health paraprofessionals.

Provided 10 wks of assertion training to 8 mental hospital paraprofessionals who, in turn, served as either counselor or counselee in a microcounseling session with 8 paraprofessionals untrained in assertion training. The data were analyzed by a 2 * 2 completely randomized multivariate analysis of variance. Trained counselors were superior to untrained counselors on a set of counselor-effectiveness measures. Trained counselees differed from untrained counselees on a set of client behaviors. This effect was mediated by the training of the counselor. The problems of conducting scientifically valid research within an institution are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Research in Soviet social psychology.

Reviews the book, Research in Soviet social psychology by L. H. Strickland, V. P. Trusov, and E. Lockwood (1986). This volume includes invited reports of social psychological research by Soviet contributors from a single institution: Leningrad State University. The volume includes eight chapters, with brief introductions by the editors in each case. Overall, the chapters in this volume are generally well written, with only the occasional lapse of grammar or turgid prose. I enjoyed the opportunity if afforded me to acquaint myself further with the research efforts of Soviet colleagues in social psychology. With this volume, Strickland and his colleagues achieve their aim of giving us a perspective on contemporary social psychology in the USSR that we certainly would not otherwise have. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The prefiguration of a museum of the Hand of Man

The author has created a foundation, acknowledged as being of public benefit, whose purpose is to set up a "Museum of the Hand of Man", conceived as a coordination and research center on the hand. An attempt at systematizing a prefiguration of this institution is proposed, with five subsectors: the original of this institution is proposed, with five subsectors: the original hand, the experienced hand, the hand and culture, the hand and society, and the hand as a symbol. In addition, a collection of publications on these various aspects of the hand is projected.     

Contextual community prevention theory: Building interventions with community agency collaboration.

Translation from research to practice faces numerous problems that include replicating effectiveness, fidelity to the protocol and processes, and adaptations to different types of target populations. Working collaboratively with existing service providers can speed up the time for development and can ease the implementation of empirical randomized trials. Contextual community prevention theory is an innovative approach that focuses on changing behaviors of community members by creating a visible institutional presence that draws and pulls the targeted population into the organization’s activities and interventions. The result is an institution or organization within the community that provides a new active and dynamic context, engaging its community members into its activities, interventions, and functions. An HIV prevention program developed collaboratively from the ground up for Latino gay/bisexual men is presented. Results from the program evaluation efforts across the years suggest promise for testing its efficacy through a randomized trial. HIV prevention efforts need to develop dynamic support systems within communities where these men have ownership, have control, and feel safe; otherwise HIV infection rates in this population will increase. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)