共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Studied 2 different aversion therapy approaches to the treatment of sexual deviation (e.g., homosexuality) in 6 clinical referrals. Covert sensitization, which provides an imagined aversive event following imagined sexual behavior, was compared with contingent shock, which provides a physical aversive event following erection to slides depicting sexually deviant material. Replicated, counterbalanced within-S presentations of each technique were used. Treatment effects were monitored by measurement of penile circumference changes during slides presented prior to treatment sessions, and by daily subjective recording of sexual urges and fantasies as well as masturbation and sexual acts. No clear difference was found between the treatments on the penile circumference measure. On suppression of subjective measures of sexual arousal, however, covert sensitization appeared to be more effective than contingent shock. Follow-up of 4-18 mo. is reported for the individual cases. (37 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
45 undergraduates who were at least 10 lbs over their ideal weight were treated with 1 of 3 weight control procedures: (a) attention placebo, (b) covert sensitization, and (c) covert sensitization augmented by false physiological feedback. Although all of the treatment groups lost weight, there was no differential weight loss among the groups at posttest or a 4-wk follow-up test. The effectiveness of covert sensitization beyond that of the simpler attention placebo procedure was limited to reductions in the rated desirability of foods incorporated in the treatments. The addition of false feedback led to a greater reduction in these desirability ratings beyond that which could be attributed to covert sensitization alone. Results are discussed in terms of the limited instances in which convert sensitization might be applicable as a weight control procedure. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
3.
Describes a modification of covert sensitization wherein a malodorous substance, valeric acid, is presented at critical points during scene presentations. This "assisted" technique was applied to 10 successive exhibitionist patients with excellent results. Not only was overt exposing behavior eliminated, but exhibitionist fantasies, urges, and dreams ceased as well. The data presented were collected from Ss' and Os' reports. Follow-up evaluations carried out at 3-, 6-, and 12-mo intervals revealed continuing absence of exhibitionist behavior. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
Levin Saul M.; Barry Stanley M.; Gambaro Salvatore; Wolfinsohn Lawrence; Smith Alan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1977,45(5):896
A 39-yr-old male client with a history of pedophilic behavior was treated with regular covert sensitization and 2 variations. In one variation psychologically aversive imagery was used, and in the other variation, physically aversive imagery was supplemented by an odiferous chemical, valeric acid. The treatments were administered in sequence following a baseline period. Dependent measures included penile erection and subjective ratings of slides and imagined scenes of girls and women. There was a significant decrease in sexual response to girls, with most of the change occurring during covert sensitization using psychological imagery and chemically supplemented physical imagery. Sexual response to women increased. Follow-up evaluation indicated that the improvements were stable over time. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
To test the hypothesis that halo effect is a judgmental error rather than the effect of objective correlation of traits, one group (N = 18) rated 5 noted individuals, one individual per day on all of 5 traits, while another group (N = 18) rated all 5 individuals on one trait per day. The authors state that the results prove that halo is in part a phenomenon of judgment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
6.
The authors explore the heretofore vague "something more" attributed to the therapeutic relationship by experimentally demonstrating the effect of just 2 almost universally posited therapist-offered conditions which make for a "meaningful" interpersonal relationship, warmth and empathic understanding, upon 1 critical aspect of patient behavior in therapy, patient intrapersonal exploration. The authors characterize the therapeutic relationship as a stimulus complex within which the relearning process takes place most deeply and most efficaciously. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
Salzinger Kurt; Portnoy Stephanie; Feldman Richard S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1964,68(5):508
A method was developed for obtaining extended continuous speech samples from hospitalized schizophrenics. 1 group was reinforced for self-referred affect statements, 1 group for speech in general, and 1 group served as a no-reinforcement control. The effect of reinforcement proved specific to the response class reinforced, whether narrow (self-referred affect statements) or more general (total speech output). The conditioning process progresses from broad classes to the particular one on which reinforcement is contingent. The problem of respons-class identification and other implications of the findings are discussed. (36 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
8.
In a noisy setting, 20 male and 20 female college students worked at anagrams and proofreading to reduce their sensitivity to the adverse effects of noise. Ss were randomly assigned before training to a perceived own-control- or no-control-over-noise condition and to a constant or increasing rate-of-exposure-to-noise condition. All Ss heard noxious noise punctuated by silence while they worked. Those who believed their rapid button pressing produced the silence improved significantly at proofreading but not at anagrams. Rate of exposure did not affect training. Conditions governing the contributions of perceived environment controlling responses to behavior rehearsal are discussed. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
9.
The relative effectiveness of 2 types of self-instruction in controlling deviant behavior was assessed developmentally. 28 1st- and 20 2nd-grade boys were trained to say 1, or both, of 2 behavior instructions to themselves during a resistance-to-deviation test period. These instructions included a prohibitive rule that focused on inhibition of deviant behavior and/or a facilitative redirective instruction that focused attention and behavior toward a permissible alternative activity. Although training with the self-verbalized prohibitive rule resulted in less deviant behavior for both 1st- and 2nd-grade Ss, similar training with the self-verbalized redirective instruction resulted in reduced deviant behavior only among the 2nd graders. In direct contrast, for the 1st graders, training with the redirective self-verbalization resulted in increased levels of deviant behavior. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
10.
Compared male and female behavior of 46 female Sprague-Dawley albino rats treated with prenatal or prolonged postnatal testosterone propionate (TP) or cyproterone acetate (Cyp A), an antiandrogen, to 13 control females. Prenatal TP decreased quality and rate of lordotic responding while increasing incomplete and complete male copulatory rate. Postnatal TP also impaired female behavior but increased only complete male copulations. Results suggest that, in the rat, gonadal steroid levels present during prenatal as well as postnatal developmental stages determine the direction and degree of differentiation of adult sexual behavior. Prenatal Cyp A had no effect on female behavior or external genitalia but decreased both types of male copulatory responses, suggesting that male behavior in normal females is based on prenatal androgenic modification of the nervous system. (30 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
11.
G. M. Farkas (see record 1979-26637-001) raised 3 specific issues concerning the validity of penile tumescence assessment of sexual arousal in the laboratory. Some of these issues were addressed in the present authors' (see record 1978-01511-001) original case study, and this reply to Farkas is intended to place the issues of validity in a broader perspective. While acknowledging the limitations of the erection measure, the authors see an important place for it in both the assessment and treatment of sexual disorders. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
12.
Examined the hypothesis that authoritarianism and creativity may be opposite poles of the same continuum. 500 undergraduates were administered the California F Scale and the Personal Opinion Survey measure of creativity. A total of 80 Ss were chosen to fit 4 groups: males high in authoritarianism and low in creativity, females high in authoritarianism and low in creativity, males high in creativity and low in authoritarianism, and females high in creativity and low in authoritarianism. A modified Asch-type conformity situation was used to see if changing authoritarianism would affect creativity scores. All 4 groups had their authoritarianism manipulated in the predicted direction, and this resulted in changed creativity scores for all groups except the high-authoritarian males. Results support the hypothesis. (24 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
13.
In 2 experiments with 78 female albino rats, electric stimuli applied to both pudendal nerves evoked field potentials, unit responses, and multiunit responses in the ventrolateral midbrain, in and around the peripeduncular nucleus. Bilateral lesions placed in this region suppressed sexual behavioral responses (lordosis and courting behavior) of ovariectomized Ss primed with 5, 10, 100, and 1,000 μg of estradiol benzoate and 2 mg/kg progesterone. It is proposed that the region in question represents a relay station for the integration of sensory and endocrine information concerned in the control of receptive sexual behavior in the female rat. (54 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
Presents an evaluation of treatment programs for women suffering from debilitating sexual anxiety. Attitudinal and behavioral indices of sexual adjustment and sexual anxiety, including a card sort, a sexual semantic differential, and the Bantler Heterosexual Behavior Hierarchy, were obtained from 22 21–39 yr old inorgasmic women to assess effects of individual and group graduated symbolic modeling through videotapes, with concurrent behavioral tasks as treatment procedures. All Ss had reported severe anxiety that precluded sexual enjoyment or activity. 16 Ss were randomly assigned to 2 groups receiving either individual or group treatment, which consisted of relaxation training followed by viewing 45 videotaped vignettes depicting graduated sexual behaviors. Five sessions were held twice weekly. The other Ss were subjected to identical measurement without treatment. Results show that significant decreases in anxiety and increases in behavioral and attitudinal measures were evidenced for both treatment groups; however, a trend toward greater improvement was observed for those receiving group treatment. Improvement remained stable through a 1-yr follow-up. Control Ss showed no improvement and trends toward deterioration. The treatment regimen appeared to produce positive changes in attitudinal, behavioral, and anxiety indices simultaneously. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
Matuszewich Leslie; Lorrain Daniel S.; Hull Elaine M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2000,114(4):772
Dopamine (DA) is responsive to hormonal manipulations and has been implicated in the regulation of female rat sexual behavior. In the present studies, extracellular DA levels were assessed in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of ovariectomized female rats in response to exogenous ovarian hormones and during sexual activity. In female rats primed with a low dose of estradiol benzoate (2 μg), but not with a higher dose (20 μg), a 500-μg progesterone injection increased extracellular DA and facilitated copulatory behavior. Extracellular DA levels in the MPOA were further augmented during sexual interactions with a male rat in a nonpacing copulatory chamber by either perineal or vaginal stimulation. However, in a pacing chamber, DA efflux did not increase, although the metabolites rose significantly during copulation. Together, these findings suggest that extracellular DA in the MPOA responds to the hormonal state of the female rat and may contribute to her expression of sexual behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
16.
Beach Frank A.; Johnson Ann I.; Anisko Joseph J.; Dunbar Ian F. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1977,91(4):711
Tested groups of female dogs exposed to different degrees of androgenic stimulation during development and a control group of ovariectomized females for their attraction to tethered male and female stimulus animals. Attraction to the male was measured before and after administration of estradiol, and attraction to an estrous female was tested before and after administration of testosterone propionate (TP). Time spent visiting the tethered male was approximately equal for all groups prior to hormone treatment, but after receiving estradiol, control females exhibited a pronounced increase in visiting time; the 2nd longest visits were paid by females that had received moderate amounts of androgen before birth; more heavily androgenized females exhibited no increase in attraction to the male despite estradiol injection. There was no relation between the degree of perinatal androgenization and mean visiting time to estrous females. After injections of TP the most pronounced increase in visiting was shown by females that had received the largest amounts of androgen during development, and the 2nd largest increase occurred in the prenatally androgenized group. Control females showed the smallest increase in visiting time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
17.
Ayres John J.; Benedict James O.; Witcher Elizabeth S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1975,88(1):97
Truly random sequences of tone (conditioned stimuli, CSs) and shock (unconditioned stimuli, UCSs) were given to a total of 78 male Holtzman albino rats. Conditioning to the CS was measured using a conditioned suppression procedure. In Exp I eliminating chance CS-UCS pairings by systematically removing CSs that overlapped UCSs weakened conditioning monotonically as a function of the number of paired CSs removed. In Exp II systematically delaying early chance pairings, while holding constant the number of CSs, UCSs, and pairings, produced a nonsignificant weakening of conditioning. In Exp III delaying pairings again produced a nonsignificant weakening of conditioning when the early nonpaired events were CSs but significantly weakened conditioning when the early nonpairings were UCSs. Data suggest that each chance pairing in the truly random control produces an increment in conditioning unless blocked by prior UCSs alone. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
Discusses thought stopping as a technique for treating obsessive thoughts through anxiety reduction. 6 typical cases are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
19.
Investigated whether the interaction between endogenous cueing and stimulus/response (S/R) would be obtained if attention was controlled exogenously, using 16 Ss. Central and peripheral cues were used to endogenously or exogenously direct the S's attention to the location at which an increase or decrease in the size of a peripheral object was most likely to occur. For each S, one size change was more likely to occur than the other, and the task was choice reaction time (RT; expansion/contraction). S/R probability (particular size change) interacted with cue condition (valid, neutral, and invalid) when the cues were central (endogenous), but the 2 variables were additive when the cues were peripheral (exogenous). Data suggest that controlled allocation of attention in response to a peripheral cue involves qualitatively different mechanisms from those associated with endogenous generation of an expectancy. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
20.
Investigated the involvement of indole- and catecholamines in the hormonal regulation of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Drugs that reduce 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and adrenaline or increase noradrenaline neurotransmission tended to facilitate the occurrence of estrous behavior in estrogen-treated Ss, and drugs having opposite effects tended to inhibit receptivity induced by estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen decreased noradrenaline turnover in cortex and brain stem; progesterone enhanced this effect in brain stem but prevented it in cortex. Both hormones tended to block noradrenaline uptake in hypothalamus in vitro. In a schedule used to induce receptivity, estrogen accelerated serotonin turnover, an effect prevented by progesterone. Results suggest that a number of monoamines may be involved in the control by hormones of estrous behavior and that hormones affect both amine turnover and uptake mechanisms. (85 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献