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1.
T. J. Kramer et al (see record 1993-15569-001) investigated the reasoning used by consultants to determine who their clients are in complex multiclient situations. The present study sought to increase the return rate by shortening and focusing the questionnaire and to determine the impact of demographic variables. Three vignettes were included in a mailed questionnaire that asked 576 consultants who they thought was the most and the 2nd-most important client. Although the return rate (21%) was not substantially increased, the top 3 reasons for determining who the client is were the same in both studies, and the variation within and between vignettes was similar. A new finding in the present study was differences as a function of specialty. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

2.
Results of 2 experiments with a total of 180 undergraduates indicate that preferences for less preferred tasks may be increased as a result of high success ratios in dealing with those tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

3.
Investigated comparative perceptions of counselor behavior. 40 counseling interviews were rated by 40 16–50 yr old participating clients, 9 counselors (professional staff members), and 5 observers (staff psychologists) along social influence and client-centered dimensions at a Midwestern community mental health center. The Counselor Rating Form (CRF) and Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory ere used to yield measures of these dimensions. Results support the hypothesis that clients would rate their counselors highest on each variable relative to counselor self-ratings and observers' ratings of counselors. Correlational analyses revealed a high degree of relationship among the social influence and client-centered dimensions for client and observer ratings. There was greater agreement between clients and observers than between clients and counselors or counselors and observers on 4 dimensions. Data suggest the existence of a common factor of perceived counselor behavior. The utility of the social influence constructs as measured by the CRF was supported, and this area of study appears to have direct relevance to research in applied professional settings. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

4.
248 male supervisors rated 290 male and 272 female store managers, and 35 female supervisors rated 37 male and 38 female store managers; all Ss were with the same organization. Results show that female store managers were rated higher than male store managers by their supervisors. It is concluded that unfair treatment of women, to the extent that it does exist, does not seem to be a major factor in assessing managerial job performance. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

5.
A passive avoidance task was administered to 97 Caucasian and 110 African American offenders to (a) replicate prior research demonstrating poor passive avoidance in psychopathic individuals (Ps) with low anxiety, (b) compare the effects of anxiety, neuroticism, and fear in identifying subgroups of Ps and controls who differ in passive avoidance, and (c) reevaluate the generalizability of this finding to African American offenders. Replicating past research with Caucasian offenders, low-anxious Ps committed significantly more passive avoidance efforts than low-anxious controls. Although this difference was also found in Ps and controls with low neuroticism scores, the comparison involving low-fear offenders failed to reach significance. As in past research, comparable comparisons involving African American offenders were not statistically significant. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

6.
Replicated and extended earlier studies which found that 2 indirect measures of compulsivity (the Strong Accountant scale and a ratio score of reading speed to vocabulary) moderated the correlations of other Strong interest scales with grade-point average (GPA) for male engineering freshmen—the correlations were higher for the less compulsive students. In the present study, the 2 compulsivity variables did not moderate the correlations of the Strong scales with freshman-year GPA for liberal arts students of either sex, although they did for men in the engineering program. The compulsivity variables were not significantly correlated, they did not moderate the same interest scales, and their joint use did not enhance the moderator effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

7.
In an effort to replicate and extend findings by M. M. Condiotte and E. Lichtenstein (see record 1982-01877-001), the relationship of a measure of self-efficacy—the Confidence Questionnaire—to posttreatment smoking status was assessed. Ss were 74 smokers (mean age 37 yrs). End-of-treatment self-efficacy scores were significantly correlated with follow-up smoking status at 3-mo and 6-mo follow-up, but not at 1 yr. When only Ss who were abstinent at termination were considered, self-efficacy still correlated significantly with 3-mo follow-up but not with 6-mo or 1-yr smoking status. Smoking during treatment was associated with lower end-of-treatment efficacy scores. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

8.
How do mental health professionals choose their own psychotherapists? This study replicates and extends a 1987 national survey of psychotherapists regarding the selection criteria and sociodemographic characteristics of their personal therapists; 608 psychologists, counselors, and social workers participated. Therapists' therapists tended to be middle aged and White (94%) but equally female and male. Their most frequent theoretical orientations were integrative, eclectic, cognitive, and psychodynamic (but rarely behavioral or systemic). Psychology was their most prevalent profession, followed by social work, counseling, and psychiatry. Topping the list of therapist selection criteria were competence, warmth, experience, openness, and reputation. The prototypical positive features of personal treatment that therapists repeated with their own patients all concerned cultivation of the therapeutic relationship. The 2007 results are tentatively compared with those obtained in 1987, thus chronicling the evolution of therapists' therapists over the years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

9.
A recent study by K. R. Murphy and J. I. Constans (see record 1988-06380-001) found that behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) containing observed but unrepresentative behaviors biased ratings in the direction of those behaviors. This study extends the work of Murphy and Constans by adding a retention interval (immediate rating vs 1-week delay) as an independent variable. The principal finding of Murphy and Constans, that BARS induced a novel form of rating bias, was replicated. This bias was found in both the immediate and delayed rating conditions. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

10.
Prior research has shown a high incidence of a repressive adaptive style in children with cancer. To explore whether repressive adaptation in this population is premorbid or reactive, adaptive style was assessed longitudinally in children with cancer at the time of diagnosis and at 6 months and 1 year after diagnosis. Comparison groups included healthy children and children with other serious but nonmalignant chronic illnesses. At diagnosis, children with cancer showed a higher incidence of a repressive adaptive style than healthy children, and the incidence of repressive adaptation remained stable over time. Children with other chronic illnesses also showed levels of repressive adaptive style comparable to the cancer group. These findings suggest a shift toward repressiveness in response to the diagnosis of cancer that is then maintained over time, and demonstrate the necessity of further examination of the health consequences of adaptive style in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

11.
In an extension of the work of W. J. Bigoness (see record 1979-09336-001) and others, this study examined the relationship between the perceived need for a union and the following factors: age, salary level, perceived relationship between future performance and future salary adjustments, and perceived raise equity. Additionally, the relative importance of satisfaction with economic factors and intrinsic job attributes in accounting for the perceived need for a union was investigated using 220 university faculty members. As reported in other studies, the data revealed that age was inversely related to union attitudes. This relationship, however, was not significant when the effect of salary was controlled. Also, satisfaction with economic factors and the administration of extrinsic rewards accounted for more variance in the perceived need for a union than did overall job satisfaction and intrinsic job satisfaction. Instrumentality of job performance in determining future pay raises appeared more important than salary or raise equity in explaining union attitudes among Ss. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

12.
Attempted to replicate the 5 dimensions of therapists' activity (personal distance, activity, flexibility, therapist distance, and preference for goal-limited therapy) found by M. S. Wallach and H. H. Strupp (see record 1964-02091-001). Questionnaire responses (the Therapeutic Attitudes, Skills, and Techniques Scale) from 136 therapists were factor analyzed. Significant differences were found on 5 subscales (constructed to represent each of the 5 factors), due to characteristics of the therapist, including sex, having had personal psychotherapy, involvement in research, frequency of patient visits, and length of time spent working with a typical patient. Although there were some changes in endorsement of "preferred theoretical orientation" which reflected advances in the field in the intervening 16 yrs, findings indicate that the dimensions of therapist activity identified in the original study represent enduring issues a therapist of any persuasion must confront. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

13.
(This reprinted article originally appeared in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1977, Vol 35 [5], 351–363. The following abstract of the original article appeared in PA, Vol 62:3939.) Examined the relation between victims' attributions of causality for their accidents and their ability to cope with severe misfortune. A total of 29 individuals who had been paralyzed in serious accidents between the ages of 16 and 35 yrs were intensively interviewed. Individuals were selected who had been injured either 1–4 or 8–22 mo prior to the interview. Both quantitative and open-ended questions were used to elicit attributions of blame and causality by Ss; coping scores were obtained from a social worker and a nurse familiar with each case. Findings suggest that blaming another and feeling that one could have avoided the accident were successful predictors of poor coping; self-blame was a successful predictor of good coping. The question "Why me?" was posed by all Ss, and 28 of the 29 Ss offered to explain why the accident had happened to them. Their responses seemed to illustrate their need for meaning in explaining the selective incidence of the accident. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

14.
Using a random telephone survey of men and women married within the past 10 years (N = 1,050), the current study replicated previous findings regarding the timing of engagement and the premarital cohabitation effect (see Kline et al., 2004). Those who cohabited before engagement (43.1%) reported lower marital satisfaction, dedication, and confidence as well as more negative communication and greater potential for divorce than those who cohabited only after engagement (16.4%) or not at all until marriage (40.5%). These differences were generally small, but could not be accounted for by length of marriage or by variables often associated with selection into cohabitation (i.e., age, income, education, and religiousness). Similar results were found in a subsample of individuals who cohabited only with the current spouse. There were no significant differences between those who cohabited after engagement and not at all before marriage, supporting a pre-engagement, but not a premarital cohabitation effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

15.
Previous investigations performed during the age of student protest indicated a curvilinear relationship between moral development and political ideology and behavior, with both higher and lower levels of moral reasoning associated with leftist inclinations. The present research determined if the linkage between moral reasoning level and political choice could be extended to former students negotiating their middle adulthood during a period of political quiescence. Consistent with the expectations of N. Haan et al (1968), data obtained from 76 persons who had been students at the University of California at Berkeley in 1964 suggest a linear relationship between moral judgment and leftist politics, with premoral reasoners no longer overrepresented among either liberal or politically active Ss. Previous investigators' substantive and directional interpretations of the relationship between moral maturity and political preference are weighed against recent challenges to the purportedly primary, structural, and value-free basis of the L. Kohlberg (1969) model of moral development. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

16.
29 married couples engaged in 2 videotaped discussions: 1 in which the husband requested a change in the wife and 1 in which the wife requested a change in the husband. Conflict behavior was assessed by self-report and observer ratings. Neither conflict structure (who requested the change) nor gender was associated with the positivity or negativity of spouses' behavior. During discussions of husbands' issues, wives and husbands did not differ in demand/withdraw behavior, whereas when discussing wives' issues, wives were more demanding and husbands were more withdrawing. Husband-demand/wife-withdraw interaction predicted an increase in wives' satisfaction 1 yr later, whereas wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction predicted a decline in wives' satisfaction 1 yr later. These results replicate and extend those of an earlier study (A. Christensen and C. L. Heavey; see record 1991-01045-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

17.
Primary data obtained from unionized employees in Singapore were used to examine P. A. Bamberger, A. N. Kluger, and R. Suchard's (1999) integrative model of the antecedents and outcomes of union commitment. Structural equation modeling results revealed support for their integrative model. Specifically, the results revealed the influence of job satisfaction on union loyalty to be indirect through organizational commitment. However, the union-related antecedents (union socialization and union instrumentality) were both directly and indirectly related to union loyalty through pro-union attitudes. In addition, union loyalty was related to the individually and organizationally directed union citizenship behavior dimensions. Limitations of the study and implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

18.
Attempted to replicate and extend an earlier study in which N. E. Betz and S. L. Shullman (see record 1980-05878-001) found that clients (CL) of both genders were less likely to return for scheduled 2nd counseling sessions following an initial intake session when the intake counselor (CO) was male rather than female, and that this pattern was even more pronounced when the CL was referred to a male CO for continued counseling. The present study examined the relationship of CO gender, client gender, and CO experience to return rates of CL, with the nature of CL concerns and their severity included as independent variables. Return rates to scheduled 3rd counseling sessions were also examined. Ss were 309 1st-time CLs at a large university counseling center who were seen individually by 1 of 30 COs. Results indicate that male COs had higher return rates than female COs regardless of their level of experience, the session examined, the gender of CL, the concerns of CL, or the severity of those concerns. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

19.
Administered a children's social desirability scale (CSD) to 1008 children 7-14 yr. old. Ss' camp counselors also rated each S on friendliness, leadership, social awareness, and seeking adult and peer approval. Results supported the V.C. Crandall, V. G. Crandall, and K. Katkovsky (see 39:3) finding with respect to age and sex. Age 11 was noted to be critical because the CSD score appears to stabilize at that age which suggests that adult approval motivations correlate in Ss as young as 11. Contrary to predictions CSD was not related to the counselor's perception of Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

20.
100 nurses were observed for burnout and depressive symptomatology. Analysis of change scores and structural equations suggested that the variance shared by burnout and depression (20%) may be attributable to their codevelopment. A definitive temporal sequence among measures of burnout and depressive affect was not obtained. At initial assessment and follow-up, burned-out nurses displayed accurate perceptions of job uncontrollability, whereas non-burned-out nurses overestimated job control. Perceptual accuracy increased in linear fashion with degree of burnout, irrespective of depressive symptomatology. Frequency of threats to job control predicted a significant amount of the variance in perceptual accuracy, supporting the view that "burnout realism" is reality driven. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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