倾斜转滴技术对化学驱油体系中油滴聚并规律的研究

利用改进的倾斜转滴技术研究了化学驱油体系中碱、表面活性剂、聚合物和盐对孤立的滴聚并的影响，并利用聚并实验数据对界面粘度进行了推算。发现表面活性剂的存在不利于油滴的聚并，盐和聚合物的存在可提高油滴聚并速率，碱对聚并的影响具有表面活性剂和盐的双重作用。     

化学驱油体系的油/水界面粘度

应用界面粘度弹性测定仪测定了聚合物／表面活性剂／碱三元复合驱体系的油／水界面粘度。通过实验发现,大庆油田采油三厂原油与注入水、HPAM溶液之间均有较高的界面粘度、加入表面活性剂后界面粘度降低、老化现象减轻。三元复合体系具有合适的界面粘度和较低的界面张力,才会具有较高的驱油效率。     

三元体系中化学剂浓度对驱油效果的影响

通过室内物理模拟实验，研究了三元体系中聚合物，表面活性剂浓度对驱油效果的影响，并进行了降低化学剂用量的实验研究，结果表明，三元体系与原油粘度比控制在2：1－5：1范围内，驱油效率才能达到20％以上，在适当的聚合物用量条件下，可以降低三元体系中的表面活性剂和碱的用量；三元体系配方中表面活性剂与聚合物用量有一定的依赖关系，在较高聚合物用量条件下，可以在一定范围内降低表面活性剂用量，反之，降低表面活性剂用量受到一定限制，应结合注入方式和经济效益做进一步优化研究。     

超低界面张力下泡沫驱油试验首次获得成功

通过注碱／表面活性剂／聚合物（ASP）降低原油与驱替液之间的界面张力（IFT），可提高采收率和驱替液的粘度，增加体积扫油效率，将天然气添加到碱／表面活性剂／聚合物液体中会形成一种碱／表面活性剂／聚合物泡沫（ASPF）型驱替液，本文介绍了碱／表面活性剂／聚合物泡沫在实验室和现场试验的结果，目前的采收率为原始原油地质储量的65．5％。     

驱替体系的主要性质对驱油效率的影响

为了深入研究粘弹性、粘度和界面张力等性质对驱油效率的影响,采用系列驱替体系进行了大量的物理模拟实验。与前人研究方法不同,实验中将表面活性剂和碱的质量分数分别固定为0.3%和1.2%,通过调整烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的组成配方,使三元复合体系具有不同的界面张力数量级,避免了化学剂质量分数变化引起的实验偏差。研究结果表明,在相同粘度下,三元复合体系的弹性小于聚合物溶液;与水驱相比,单独聚合物驱和表面活性剂—碱二元驱可分别提高采收率14.37%和7.05%;同时改变粘度和界面张力可提高采收率30.41%,证明两者的协同作用效果优于改变单因素时驱油效率的简单加和;粘度越高,降低界面张力对提高驱油效率的影响越大。因此,合理匹配粘度与界面张力之间的关系是提高驱油效率的有效途径。     

低碱三元复合驱油实验研究

针对三元复合驱体系在表面活性剂浓度一定的情况下，碱和聚合物浓度变化对体系粘度、界面张力有一定的影响，根据驱油效率实验，优选出三元复合驱体系中碱的最佳浓度范围。结果表明，就该实验所采用的三元复合体系。在考虑超低界面张力的同时，必须考虑体系的粘度，其超低界面张力并不是提高原油采收率的必要条件。     

化学驱油体系中油滴聚并规律的研究

本文利用旋转滴技术研究了化学驱油体系中碱、表面活性剂、聚合物和盐对孤立油滴间聚并规律的影响，并利用聚并实验数据对界面粘度进行了推算。发现表面活性剂的存在不利于油滴的聚并，盐和聚合物的存在可提高油滴聚并速率，碱对聚并的影响具有表面活性剂和盐的双重作用。     

化学驱中动态界面张力行为的研究进展

汇总了近年来强化采油动态界面张力研究进展的报道,阐述了驱油过程中的动态界面张力行为,总结了碱浓度、油相粘度、驱替液粘度对原油/碱体系及原油/碱/聚合物体系动态界面张力的影响和表面活性剂、离子强度对原油/碱/表面活性剂体系及原油/碱/表面活性剂/聚合物体系动态界面张力的影响,并对上述影响因素进行了归纳。     

基于低质量浓度表面活性剂的复合驱效果评价

以往为了达到超低界面张力,复合驱大多使用较高质量浓度的表面活性剂,通常为1 000~3 000 mg/L,不仅增加了成本且未必能取得好的驱油效果。为了探究低质量浓度表面活性剂的驱油效果,设计了低质量浓度表面活性剂的复合驱物理模拟实验。静态实验结果表明,在低质量浓度表面活性剂条件下,油水界面张力可达到10-2mN/m数量级及以下,加碱后,界面张力更低;碱和表面活性剂都会对聚合物的粘度和粘弹性产生影响,碱在较高温度下会大幅度降低复合体系的粘度和粘弹性。驱油实验结果表明,与水驱相比,在所选择的低质量浓度表面活性剂驱油体系中,表面活性剂—聚合物二元复合驱和碱—表面活性剂—聚合物三元复合驱均可提高采收率19.5%以上,三元复合驱的驱油效果最好,提高采收率21.8%以上。这表明低质量浓度表面活性剂驱油体系驱油效果很好。     

无碱二元复合驱注入参数优化研究

介绍了无碱二元复合驱注入参数优化依据,即以配方体系黏度范围确定聚合物溶液浓度范围;以油水界面张力达10-3mN/m对所需表面活性剂含量优化。考察了聚合物溶液浓度、表面活性剂含量及段塞尺寸对驱油效率的影响。结果表明,在聚合物溶液浓度为1 400～1 600mg/L,表面活性剂含量为0.2%～0.3%,段塞尺寸0.5～0.7 PV时,无碱二元复合驱油效率比水驱提高25%,与聚合物驱、弱碱三元驱相比,无碱二元复合驱更优。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.