太阳能热水系统在牙哈装车站旧公寓的应用

太阳能资源作为一种取之不尽、用之不竭的清洁能源,具有广阔的应用前景。文中介绍塔里木油田公司牙哈装车站旧公寓太阳能热水系统基本概况,结合太阳能热水系统的使用情况,分析太阳能热水系统在工程应用中的实用性、经济性及优势,同时对不同种类太阳能集热器进行对比分析,对太阳能热水系统设计提出了几点意见。     

太阳能热发电系统的研究开发现状

太阳能热发电是一种很有发展前景的大规模太阳能利用技术。介绍和分析了国内外塔式、槽式、碟式等太阳能热发电技术的研究状况,分析了这些技术的优缺点以及一些改进方案。结合我国国情,指出了我国太阳能热发电所面临的问题及挑战;根据我国可再生能源发展规划,分析了我国太阳能热发电技术的发展前景。     

国际太阳能发电产业现状及发展趋势

首先,描述了全球太阳能资源情况,总结了目前太阳能发电产业取得的成就,对太阳能光伏发电和聚光太阳能发电技术的发展进行了论述,从并网及分布式光伏的融资特点和资产证券化等方面对太阳能发电项目的融资方式进行了分析;其次,分析了太阳能发电产业面临的挑战,剖析了贸易保护主义对太阳能市场投资的影响,分析了太阳能发电对电网的挑战及环保等方面的问题;最后,着重从太阳能与储能相结合、太阳能发电平价上网、光伏在绿色建筑中的应用,以及分布式光伏发电市场情况等方面论述了国际太阳能产业的发展趋势。     

太阳能光热低温利用发展与研究

太阳能具有分散性强、能流密度低、适合得到中低温热源的特性,太阳能低温热利用是人们最早认识和利用的太阳能转换手段,也是将来太阳能低成本、规模化应用的最重要的领域。本论文针对太阳能集热、太阳能采暖、太阳能干燥、太阳能热泵、太阳能空调、太阳能低温热发电等几个当前太阳能低温热利用的主要技术,介绍了各种技术的应用原理和背景,分析了各种已有技术的研究现状和社会需求,讨论了部分新技术的未来发展方向。同时介绍了中国科学技术大学在该领域的一些研究进展。     

我国太阳能建筑应用发展现状及发展方向探讨

对我国太阳能资源分布情况进行分析,总结我国太阳能建筑应用的技术类型、规模和现状,对我国发展太阳能建筑应用出台的相关配套政策进行归纳整理,根据各地区的太阳能资源分布进行太阳能资源丰富程度评估,提出适合各地区发展的太阳能建筑应用技术和发展方向。     

太阳能-水源热泵系统在制备洗浴热水中的应用

以太阳能-水源热泵系统在制备洗浴热水中的应用为例,研究分析太阳能-水源热泵系统的原理、运行工况,并进行太阳能-水源热泵系统的节能减排分析。研究分析得出:太阳能-水源热泵系统可以充分利用太阳能为热水提供热源,同时又回收利用了废水中的废热,从而达到节约高位能源和减少环境污染的目的。     

印染行业中太阳能中温聚光技术应用分析

主要是对聚光跟踪太阳能中温系统在印染行业的可行性进行了分析,通过对太阳能热水工程和聚光跟踪太阳能中温系统对比分析,聚光跟踪太阳能中温系统在印染行业更具有应用价值.聚光跟踪中温系统具有提高单位面积太阳辐照的能量密度、时时跟踪,大幅度提高太阳能辐照的利用率、多重利用等优点,同时,相对于太阳能热水工程和传统燃油锅炉系统,其具有更高的经济效益.     

太阳能复合热泵的节能效果分析

文中通过对太阳能—水源热泵、太阳能—空气源热泵、太阳能—地源热泵及带蓄热装置的太阳能复合热泵系统进行分析,对比了各种太阳能复合热泵的原理及应用效果。通过分析数据得出,采用将太阳能热泵系统与其他热泵相结合的方式,整体系统的COP能达到3以上,有效地提高了整体系统的能源利用效率,为未来太阳能利用提供了一种高效利用的方向。     

一种光伏发电的太阳能资源日变化分析方法

太阳能资源评估是太阳能资源开发利用的基础,针对我国现行的太阳能资源评估标准以长期观测数据为稳定性分析对象,无法满足电力行业对太阳能资源变化特性的实际要求,提出一种太阳能资源日变化分析方法,并以北京地区为例,首先研究了不同时间尺度太阳能资源变化特征,再结合光伏电站接入电网的相关规定,利用太阳辐射日变化分析参数K′分析了晴天、多云、阴雨等典型天气条件和连续30d的太阳能总辐射日变化情况。结果表明,太阳能资源日变化分析方法能够反映1d中太阳能资源的稳定程度,对光伏发电的规划和设计具有一定的参考意义。     

巴西太阳能政策体系和工程市场情况分析

首先介绍巴西的电力工业现状和太阳能资源分布情况;然后分析巴西政府电力监管体系和太阳能扶持政策,阐明巴西对太阳能产品的税收情况、巴西电力交易方式和拍卖模式;并介绍巴西太阳能行业的工程、金融、标准,分析财务净现值,得出在巴西不同地区进行太阳能投资的盈亏情况;最后,对中国企业如何开发巴西太阳能市场业务提出建议。     

An evaluation of domestic solar energy potential in Taiwan incorporating land use analysis

Solar energy is widely regarded as a major renewable energy source, which in future energy systems will be able to contribute to the security of energy supply and the reduction of CO₂ emissions. This study combined an evaluation of solar energy resources in Taiwan with land use analysis, which allows the potentials and restrictions of solar energy exploitation resulting from local land use conditions to be considered. The findings unveiled in this study indicate that photovoltaic electricity generation and solar water heating have the potential of producing 36.1 and 10.2 TWh of electricity and thermal energy annually in Taiwan, accounting for 16.3% and 127.5% of the total domestic consumption of electricity and energy for household water heating in 2009, respectively. However, the exploited solar photovoltaic power generation in 2009 accounted for only 0.02% of total potential in Taiwan, while the exploited solar water heating accounted for 11.6% of total potential. Market price and investment incentive are the dominant factors that affect market acceptance of solar energy installation in Taiwan. The administrative barriers to the purchase and transmission of electricity generated from renewable energy sources have to be removed before the potential contribution of solar energy can be realized.     

基于水电站大坝的太阳能融合型并网发电系统研究与应用

针对双可再生能源融合发电模式的诸多技术难题,提出了一种在水电站大坝上建设太阳能电站并进行融合发电的创新模式,重点突破了水电与太阳能发电共享型控制技术、光伏逆变谐波抑制技术、无功补偿和共享型直流技术等技术难题。水电和太阳能发电共享型控制技术实现了水电现地控制单元、太阳能现地控制单元、共享型公用现地控制单元的分布式构架;实现了光伏对水电的逆变谐波抑制和无功补偿装置的研发;实现了太阳直流技术补偿水电站直流系统。应用实践表明,太阳能与水能融合发电模式可节约投资、增加无功补偿效益、减少国土资源的占用,是双可再生能源融合发电的创新性应用,具有很好的推广价值。     

陕北地区实施太阳能建筑一体化的可行性分析

近年来,随着人们对环境问题认识的深入和能源问题的进一步恶化,越来越多的人关注太阳能的利用,实现太阳能与建筑一体化已经成为我国建筑节能领域的重要课题。但是,太阳能建筑的设计、施工必须根据不同地域的地理气候条件因地制宜。本文通过对陕北地区气象条件和太阳能资源的调查研究和分析,结合当地太阳能建筑应用的历史和经验,提出将太阳能与建筑结合,在陕北地区实施太阳能一体化建筑是可行的,以期能推动太阳能一体化建筑的进一步推广使用。     

Energy return on investment (EROI) of mini-hydro and solar PV systems designed for a mini-grid

With dramatic cost declines and performance improvements, both mini-hydropower and solar photovoltaics (PV) now serve as core options to meet the growing demand for electricity in underserved regions worldwide. We compare the net energy return on energy invested (EROI) of mini-hydropower and solar electricity using five existing mini-hydropower installations in northern Thailand with grid-connected solar PV simulations. Both assessments use a life cycle perspective to estimate the EROI. We find that distributed mini-grids with penetrations of solar PV up to 50% of annual generation can exceed the EROI of some fossil-based traditional centralized grid systems. The analysis will help planners and engineers optimize mini-grids for energy payback and utilize local resources in their design. The results suggest higher EROI ratios for mini-hydropower plants than solar PV, though mini-hydropower plants typically yield lower EROI ratios than their large-scale hydropower counterparts.     

太阳能等效转化利用模型及其效益研究

以能源局域网为依托,研究太阳能在转化利用过程中不同“能质”能量之间的等效转化关系及其效益模型。综合考虑负荷需求特性及当前能源消费价格因素对太阳能利用方式的影响,以太阳能利用率最大和系统运行综合效益最大化为目标,构建太阳能转化利用多目标优化模型;然后,采用量子行为的粒子群优化算法对模型进行优化求解,并与传统单一供能模式进行对比分析。结果表明,所提模型能有效提高能耗系统对太阳能的综合利用率及消纳能力,并取得更高的能售效益。验证了所提模型及其运行方式的有效性和可行性,为大规模太阳能的开发和利用提供了一个新的思路。     

Assessing complementarity of wind and solar resources for energy production in Italy. A Monte Carlo approach

Wind and solar energy are expected to play a major role in the current decade to help Europe reaching the renewable energy penetration targets fixed by Directive 2009/28/EC. However, it is difficult to predict the actual production profiles of wind and solar energy as they depend heavily on variable meteorological features of solar radiation and wind speed. In an ideal system, wind and solar electricity are both injected in a fast reacting grid instantaneously matching supply and demand. In such a system wind and solar electricity production profiles should complement each other as much as possible in order to minimise the need of storage and additional capacity. In the present paper the complementarity of wind and solar resources is assessed for a test year in Italy.To achieve this goal we employ data at high spatial and temporal resolution data for both solar radiation and wind speed in Italy obtained from running two state of the art models (PVGIS and MINNI). Hourly profiles for solar and wind energy produced are compared in each 4 × 4 km² grid cell in Italy for 2005, and hourly, daily and monthly correlation coefficients are computed in order to assess the local complementarity of the two resources. A Monte Carlo approach is also developed to estimate how large-scale wind and solar energy productions could be potentially involved to complement each other in a scenario with up to 100 production sites across Italy. The results show how local complementarity can be very interesting with monthly correlation coefficients reaching values lower than −0.8 in several areas. Large-scale complementarity is also relevant with nation-wide monthly correlation coefficients showing values between −0.65 and −0.6. These model results indicate that in this sample year of 2005, wind and solar energy potential production have shown complementary time behaviour complementary, favourably supporting their integration in the energy system.     

变频器技术在太阳能空调中的应用

阐述了太阳能空调的原理以及变频器技术在太阳能空调中的作用。在对太阳能空调的工作原理分析的基础上,提出了变频太阳能空调的概念以及工作原理。     

What is the future of solar energy? Economic and policy barriers

The most important characteristics and limitations of solar energy were reviewed in this study. The analysis of different aspects indicated that the most important global challenges of solar energy development were climatic challenges, technical constraints, and unwillingness to make investments. After describing current conditions and predicting the future of solar energy, this study analyzed the policies formulated by developed countries to develop this from of energy. Accordingly, China has gotten ahead of other countries in this industry due to the technological production of solar panels and governmental supports. Finally, the economic estimation of solar energy was presented by dealing with the economic barriers to this form of energy in developed countries. According to the significant growth in the reduction of solar energy electricity production cost, this source of energy can be used as a major source in the future. It was then recommended to use a hybrid of solar energy with other sources such as wind to reduce the costs.     

Exergy analysis of solar energy applications

Solar energy is a clean, abundant and easily available renewable energy. Usage of solar energy in different kinds of systems provides scope for several studies on exergy analysis. In the present work, a comprehensive literature review has been carried out on exergy analysis of various solar energy systems. The systems considered under study are solar photovoltaic, solar heating devices, solar water desalination system, solar air conditioning and refrigerators, solar drying process and solar power generation. The summary of exergy analysis and exergetic efficiencies is presented along with the exergy destruction sources.