Y型明渠交汇水流数值计算

针对Y型明渠交汇口的水流特性,应用水深平均-雷诺应力模型,采用交错网格有限体积法离散控制方程以及SIMPLE算法,求解交汇水流的水深-速度场.数值计算结果与物理模型试验结果吻合较好,并据此分析了交汇口附近汇流区的雷诺正应力和剪切应力分布.     

波流相互作用下沿垂向的水流结构及其实验验证

本文研究了波流相互作用情形下波浪对水平流速沿垂向分布的影响。作者从Navier Stokes方程出发，用涡动粘滞系数模型来封闭波流相互作用下的流动方程，提出了一个求解整个水深内的断面流速分布的方法。理论计算与实验结果基本一致。     

波流环境中污染物混合的分析

本文根据垂向二维数值模型计算求解和分析了波流环境中的一维对流扩散方程中的混合系数。此二维数值模型采用非线性k-ε紊流模型封闭雷诺时均方程，应用VOF方法处理自由面。分析方法是用该二维模型计算波流环境中污染物瞬时源产生的浓度场，计算该浓度场的断面平均浓度，求此断面平均浓度的概率分布，由概率分布的方差随时间的导数得到一维对流扩散问题中的混合系数。通过算例分析，发现波流环境混合系数随着波浪周期和波 高的不同，可能大于纯流和纯波的混合系数之和，也可能比纯流情况下小；波周期与混合系数呈正比。且存在一个使混合系数最大的波高。     

平面闸槽区紊流场的数值解

本文采用有限分析法,k-ε紊流模型求解雷诺方程,计算了雷诺数为10~4及2×10~4两种情况下平面闸槽区的平均紊流场,给出了流函数、速度、涡量、紊流动能、紊流粘性系数以及压强的分布,为预测闸槽区的初生空化数提供了依据。     

耦合算法在幕墙式消浪结构性能研究中的应用

作者针对近岸波浪与结构物相互作用问题提出了一种耦合数值方法，即用时均化的二维雷诺平均的Navier stokes方程-流体体积法模型表达内域流动，用一维Boussinesq方程表达外域流动，通过速度、压力和波面匹配边界条件实现两种数值模型的同步求解。耦合模型中的二维子模型能够较好地表达结构物附近流动的细部特征，包括漩涡结构；一维子模型的计算效率很高，可通过延长其计算域以达到有效地避免二次反射波的影响。所建立的耦合数值模型被证实可应用于幕墙式消浪结构防波性能的研究。     

丁坝绕流的k-ε紊流模型数值解

本文采用雷诺方程组描述丁坝绕流运动,并用紊流k-ε双方程模型闭合雷诺方程组。根据控制体积法导出沿水深平均的二维偏微分方程的离散格式,然后用SIMPLER程式进行求解。通过计算,获得丁坝绕流流场内流速、水化、紊动能和紊动粘性系数的断面分布规律,其中流速和水位的计算值与实测资料较为一致。     

偶应力流体有限长径向轴承润滑特性分析

本文从具有偶应力的不可压缩流体基本方程出发,采用润滑层的通常假设,求得了流体速度的解析表达式,并推导了偶应力流体润滑的雷诺方程,把它应用于有限长径向滑动轴承的求解。通过数值计算得到了偶应力参数对有限长径向轴承的承载力、流量系数和摩擦系数的影响。     

非粘性悬沙垂向浓度分布的数值模拟及水槽试验

本文应用Ｋ－ε紊流模型，通过对悬沙运动扩散方程的数值求解，建立了计算悬沙浓度水深分布的数学模型。该模型未对扩散方程本身作任何简化，并采用速度场和浓度场耦合求解，因此精度较高，该模型应用方便、其结果与实验值吻合较好，是一种研究河流非粘性泥沙垂向浓度发布的新的尝试。     

三维水流方程迭代求解时的不同步修正

针对三维水流方程迭代求解时,计算初始阶段速度场、自由水面、涡黏性系数的相对修正幅度不同,方程求解时有可能出现误差累积,导致计算发散的问题,提出采用不同步修正方法来避免这种现象的出现,即在计算的初始若干步内,不严格按照常规迭代格式计算自由水面和涡黏性系数,以增强算法的健壮性.实例检验表明,不同步修正方法对于避免方程求解发散是有效的.     

经典水跃水气两相流特性的数值模拟

水跃是急流快速过渡到缓流时水面突然跃起的局部水力现象,研究它的掺气和流动特性具有重要的工程和理论意义。使用二维混合模型通过雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程求解平均流动,通过标准k-ε模型实现湍流封闭,通过改进后的VOF法计算掺气浓度分布并追踪波动自由面,系统研究了3个弗劳德数的经典水跃。对比已有的实验数据,发现模型能够准确预测水跃的自由面特征、时均速度和掺气浓度分布及其自相似性。在水工建筑物设计中,需要考虑水跃的水气两相流特性而实验测量不现实时,该模型可提供解决方法。     

OPERATOR-SPLITTING METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF CAVITATION IN LIQUID-LUBRICATED HERRINGBONE GROOVED JOURNAL BEARING

ＮＯＭＥＮＣＬＡＴＵＲＥｃ　ｒａｄｉａｌｃｌｅａｒａｎｃｅｈ　ｆｉｌｍｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ ｈ　ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓｆｉｌｍｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ (ｈ/ｃ)Ｌ/Ｄ　ｒａｔｉｏｏｆｌｅｎｇｔｈｔｏｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒｐ　ｆｉｌｍ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｅ　ｅｃｃｅｎｔｒｉ     

ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC AND ELASTO-HYDRODYNAMIC OIL LUBRICATED JOURNAL BEARINGS

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effect of elastic deformation of bearing liner on the acoustic behavior of oil lubricated journal bearings.Analysis is performed for hydrodynamic(HD) and elasto-hydrodynamic (EHD) lubrications.Dynamic behavior and acoustical properties are investigated through an analysis of pressure fluctuation calculated from the Reynolds equation governing the flow in the clearance space of the journal bearing.This is solved numerically using the finite difference method with the successive over relaxation technique.In elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication,the finite element method with in iteration scheme is adopted to solve both Reynolds equation and the three-dimensional elasticity equation representing the displacement field in the bearing shell.The results show that the sound pressure level of the bearing is markedly influenced by the flexibility of the bearing liner,the viscosity of lubricant and the load applied to journal.HD analysis shows that the journal centre’s orbit,from a disturbed position,converges to the static equilibrium position faster than EHD lubrication.The results of the present paper could aid in the design of low-noise rotor-bearing systems supported by oil lubricated journal bearings.     

HYDRODYNAMIC AND ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC STUDIES OF A CYLINDRICAL JOURNAL BEARING

In this article, the effect of the bearing elastic deformation on the performance characteristics of a cylindrical journal bearing is analyzed. The variety of simulation models covers hydrodynamic (HD) and elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication theories. The Reynolds equations governing the flow in the clearance space of the journal bearing are obtained by considering the effect of mass transfer across the fluid film. The finite element method with an iteration scheme was employed to solve both the Reynolds equation and the three-dimensional elasticity equation representing the displacement field in the bearing shell. The converged solutions for the lubricant flow and elastic deformation vector are obtained. Dynamic characteristics of the journal bearing are computed for HD and EHD theories. Numerical simulation results show that the flexibility of bearing liner has a significant influence on the performance of a cylindrical journal bearing. Indeed, the elastic deformations of the bearing liner extend the pressure area in the bearing and increase the minimum film thickness. Although, dynamic coefficient, load capacity and attitude angle decrease.     

NUMERICAL RESEARCH ON WATER GUIDE BEARING OF HYDRO-GENERATOR UNIT USING FINITE VOLUME METHOD

With the consideration of the geometry of tilting pad journal bearing, a new form of the Reynolds equation was derived in this article. The film thickness, the squeeze motion of the journal and the rotation motion of the pad were explicitly contained in the equation. Based on this equation, together with the equilibrium equation of pad pivot, the water guide bearing used in the Gezhouba 10 F hydro-generator unit was numerically researched. The new Reynolds equation for the lubricating film was solved using Finite Volume (FV) discretization, Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and C code are included. According to the numerical solution, and the stability of the film and the influences of the film thickness, the journal squeeze effect and the pad rotation effect on film force were discussed. The results indicate that the squeeze effect can not be neglected, although the rotation effect is negligible for both low-speed and high-speed bearings, so the computing time could be greatly reduced.     

微极性流体润滑剂的螺旋槽径向轴承动力特性

本文采用算子分裂／有限元法解广义雷诺方程，研究微极性流体润滑剂的螺旋槽径向轴承承载力、摩擦阻力特性。油膜空泡采用全润滑区质量守恒的Elrod算法。微极性流体的粘弹特性由耦合数和分子特征长度两个参数决定。计算结果显示：(1)高耦合数的微极性流体螺旋槽径向轴承比一般牛顿流体为润滑剂的轴承具有较高的承载力，摩擦阻力略有增加。(2)在高耦合数条件下，润滑油膜厚度和微极性流体分子特征尺度的比值越小，轴承的承载力和摩擦阻力越大。本文研究表明，选用合理参数的微极性流体为润滑剂，可以提高螺旋槽径向滑动轴承的承载力。     

The experiment and analysis of transitional flow in pipe

The transitional flow in a pipe is important for delivery, but its characteristics remain to be explored. In this paper, the two-dimensional laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV) is used for the study, focusing on the attenuation characteristics of the axial velocity, the variation of the velocity gradient, the effect of the angle between the axis and the resultant velocity vector, and the relationship between the energy coefficient and the flow state. The attenuation characteristics of the axial velocity along the radial direction are obtained. It is shown that with the increase of the Reynolds number, the change rate of the velocity gradient slows down with a similar distribution, and a rapid decrease is seen in the near wall region. The amplitude and the frequency of the angular variation are obviously improved with the increase of the Reynolds number. The instability of the velocity field is enhanced with the increase of the energy coefficient.     

The effect of viscosity on the cavitation characteristics of high speed sleeve bearing

The effect of viscosity on the cavitation characteristics of a high speed sleeve bearing is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The cavitation characteristics, the cavitation shape and the cavitation location of a spiral oil wedge hydrodynamic bearing are investigated experimentally by using the transparent bearing and the high-speed camera. The generalized Reynolds equation is established with considerations of the cavitation mechanism based on the modified Elrod method in theory, and the cavitations of different viscosity sleeve bearings are analyzed and compared. It is shown that the cavitations are strip-shaped for both the high viscosity lubricant and the low viscosity lubricant, and in the rupture region of the oil film at a high speed, the oil vapour or bubbles are produced. With the decrease of the supply pressure and the increase of the rotating speed, the rupture area of the oil film increases distinctly. The cavitation area decreases distinctly and the quality of lubrication is better for the low viscosity lubricant than for the high viscosity lubricant. The experiment results in general are consistent with the theoretical results.     

桩波动检测的时间交错法研究

对非线性弹性材料桩身完整性检测的低应变反射波新方法进行了研究。建立非线性弹性材料桩问题的一维波动新模型,给出了控制体的动力学方程;利用一维非线性弹性本构关系推导出桩轴向力与轴向应变的关系;提出了研究一维非线性弹性波动问题的新算法;数值模拟基桩桩顶速度(或位移、加速度)响应时程曲线。     

INVESTIGATION OF VISCOUS FLOW FIELD AROUND AN APPENDED REVOLUTION BODY WITH GUIDE VANE PROPELLER

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