银杏叶中脂肪酸的含量及化学组成

银杏叶经石油醚（６０￣９０℃）提取,其软膏的收率为５．１％,其中游离脂肪酸的含量为２３．２％,该软膏经皂化,中和及萃取等处理,分离得到脂肪酸粗制品,其甲基化衍生物通过ＧＣ－ＭＳ鉴定其化学组成。     

银杏叶中脂肪酸的含量及化学组成

银杏叶经石油醚（６０～９０℃）提取,其软膏的收率为５．１％ ,其中游离脂肪酸的含量为２３．２％ 。该软膏经皂化、中和及萃取等处理,分离得到脂肪酸粗制品,其甲基化衍生物通过ＧＣ－ＭＳ鉴定其化学组成。饱和脂肪酸占２８．５０％ ,由Ｃ１２、Ｃ１４、Ｃ１６、Ｃ１８和Ｃ２０饱和酸组成,主要是Ｃ１６饱和酸（２１．５％ ）;不饱和酸占３３．７％ ,由Ｃ１８∶１、Ｃ１８∶２、Ｃ１８∶３,Ｃ２０∶３和Ｃ２０∶４ 组成,主要是Ｃ１８∶１（９．４％ ）和Ｃ１８∶３（２０．５％ ）;其它部分占３７．８％ ,由炔烃、植醇和饱和脂肪酮等化合物组成。     

脂肪酸氨化生产脂肪腈影响因素初探

脂肪腈生产是脂肪酸生产伯胺工艺中最重要的过程之一,对影响脂肪酸制腈工艺的因素进行了初步分析,并提出了生产工艺中的对策和措施。     

偃松子油脂肪酸组成的研究

通过GC及GC MS研究了偃松子油的主要脂肪酸组成。结果表明偃松子仁含油率为38.4 5 % ,松子仁中主要含有油酸 4 0 .7% ,亚油酸 16 .9% ,软脂酸 (棕榈酸 ) 2 8.0 % ,辛酸 5 .1% ,硬脂酸 3.8%等。不饱和脂肪酸总含量至少达 5 9.0 %。     

微生物细胞脂肪酸的组成分析

应用气相色谱—质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对微生物细胞脂肪酸的组成进行了分析.结果表明,菌体的代谢状态分为两个时期:菌体生长期和油脂积累期;菌体细胞主要积累油酸(C18:1)、软脂酸(C16:0)和棕桐油酸(C16:1);通过发酵,最终得到的微生物油脂脂肪酸组成为:油酸(C18:1)64.80％、软脂酸(C16:0)19...     

气相色谱法测定动物脂肪酸组成

采用气相色谱法,色谱柱为FFAP键合固定相石英弹性毛细管色谱柱:50m×0.32mm,0.53μm;柱温:170℃(1min)～230℃(4min),升温速度6℃/min;载气线速15cm/s,测定动物脂肪酸的组成。测定结果表明,此方法能分离动物脂肪酸中碳十二到碳二十的各组分,分析周期短,平行测定的相对标准偏差为0.46%～10.80%。     

偃松子油脂肪酸组成的研究

通过GC及GC-MS研究了偃松子油的主要脂肪酸组成。结果表明偃松子仁含油率为38.45%,松子仁主要含有油酸40.7%,亚油酸16.9%,软脂酸（棕榈酸）28.0%,辛酸5.1%,硬脂酸3.8%等。不饱和脂肪酸总含量至少达59.0%。     

化学法测定脂肪酸酰胺含量的研究

脂肪酸酰胺 (油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺、硬脂酸酰胺等 )是一类重要的精细化工产品 ,具有多种用途、以及广阔的市场 ,已在我国的纺织、塑料、油墨及涂料等行业推广使用 ,并且形成了一定的生产规模 ,产品质量也与国外产品相当。但现在还缺少产品的纯度 (含量 )的测定方法 ,为此 ,我们在有关单位的指导和帮助下 ,研究摸索出一种化学测定方法 ,现将归纳总结如下 :1　实验部分1 .1　不含氨的蒸馏水的制备1 .1 .1　蒸馏法　每升水中 0 .1ｍｌ硫酸 ,进行重蒸馏。接收馏出液于玻璃容器中。1 .1 .2　离子交换法　让蒸馏水通过强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱来制备…     

棉籽酸化油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

采用气相色谱法分析了棉籽酸化油的脂肪酸组成,并对其理化性质进行了研究。分析结果表明,棉籽酸化油的含油率为91.33%,酸值为144.35mgKOH/g,碘值为116.58gI2/100g,皂化值为199.80mgKOH/g;其主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸(21.29%)、硬脂酸(2.29%)、油酸(23.72%)、亚油酸(50.23%)和亚麻酸(0.39%),其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量高达74%,具有很高的工业利用价值。     

乌桕梓油脂肪酸组成分析

乌柏是我国四大木本油料之一,种子含油量高,乌桕梓油是由种仁榨取所得的液体油脂,是轻工业、食品和国防等行业的重要油源。乌桕梓油甲酯化后,利用100 m×0.25 mm的GC毛细管柱,气相色谱法测定乌桕梓油的脂肪酸组成。测定结果表明：乌桕梓油中饱和脂肪酸占10.68%,以棕榈酸含量最高,占7.52%。不饱和脂肪酸占89.13%,单不饱和脂肪酸占18.63%,以油酸含量最高,占14.55%;多不饱和脂肪酸占70.50%;其中含量最高的为人体所必需的脂肪酸亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,分别占30.77%和39.30%。还含有相当数量天然植物中少有的奇数碳原子脂肪酸十一烷酸,占0.29%。其中月桂烯酸（占3.19%）和十一烷酸未见报道。     

Variation in Fatty Acid Composition of Mowrah Fat

The determination of the fatty acid composition of mowrah fat obtained from kernels of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh shows that mowrah fat contains 37 to 51 % saturated acids and 49 to 63 unsaturated acids. Considerable variation is observed in the content of the four major fatty acids viz. palmitic from 15 to 32 %, stearic between 15.9 to 17.0 % and 20 to 26 %, oleic from 32.4 to 35.9 % and as high as 45 %, and linoleic from 13.9 to 17.7 %.     

Dietary Fat in Relation to Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition in Men

Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (EMFA) composition is used in the validation of food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and the evaluation of dietary fat quality. In this cross-sectional study we aimed to investigate associations of diet with EMFA. Altogether, 1,033 randomly selected Finnish men, aged from 47 to 75 years filled in a FFQ and their EMFA composition was analyzed. Marine polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake correlated positively with erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (r _s = 0.415 and r _s = 0.340, respectively, P < 0.001) and inversely with all n-6 PUFA analyzed (P < 0.001). PUFA intake from spreads and cooking fats correlated positively with alpha-linolenic (ALA), linoleic (LNA) and nervonic acids (r _s = 0.229, r _s = 0.160 and r _s = 0.143, respectively, P < 0.001). Milk fat intake was associated with myristic and behenic acids (r _s = 0.186 and r _s = 0.132, respectively P < 0.001). Butter users had lower ALA and LNA proportions (mol%) than non-users (0.16 ± 0.04 vs. 0.19 ± 0.05, P < 0.001 and 7.77 ± 1.02 vs. 8.12 ± 1.11, P = 0.001). Higher PUFA intake from meat was related to decreased long-chain n-3 (P < 0.001) and increased n-6 PUFA (P < 0.001) proportions. In conclusion, EMFA composition reflects particularly well the intakes of n-3 PUFA, whereas other associations remained lower. Yet, all main sources of dietary fat were related with EMFA. The dietary effect on the nervonic acid proportion was confirmed.     

Changes in the Fatty Acid Content of Used Frying Fat Compared with Fresh Fat

In 21 samples of used frying fat and the corresponding samples of fresh fat the fatty acid content was determined by capillary GLC on a CP Sil 88 column. The content of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as well as the content of total fatty acids are decreased by frying. Both the decrease in linoleic acid and the decrease in total fatty acids correlate well with % polar compounds as fat quality evaluation criteria. No isomers of cis,cis-linoleic acid are formed during the frying process. The content of C18: 1 is increased during the frying process from about 0 to 8g/100g in average to 2.3g/100g, which means that also the frying process must be considered as a source to the human intake of trans fatty acids.     

Comparison of Low Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diets on Circulating Fatty Acid Composition and Markers of Inflammation

Abnormal distribution of plasma fatty acids and increased inflammation are prominent features of metabolic syndrome. We tested whether these components of metabolic syndrome, like dyslipidemia and glycemia, are responsive to carbohydrate restriction. Overweight men and women with atherogenic dyslipidemia consumed ad libitum diets very low in carbohydrate (VLCKD) (1504 kcal:%CHO:fat:protein = 12:59:28) or low in fat (LFD) (1478 kcal:%CHO:fat:protein = 56:24:20) for 12 weeks. In comparison to the LFD, the VLCKD resulted in an increased proportion of serum total n-6 PUFA, mainly attributed to a marked increase in arachidonate (20:4n-6), while its biosynthetic metabolic intermediates were decreased. The n-6/n-3 and arachidonic/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio also increased sharply. Total saturated fatty acids and 16:1n-7 were consistently decreased following the VLCKD. Both diets significantly decreased the concentration of several serum inflammatory markers, but there was an overall greater anti-inflammatory effect associated with the VLCKD, as evidenced by greater decreases in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, E-selectin, I-CAM, and PAI-1. Increased 20:4n-6 and the ratios of 20:4n-6/20:5n-3 and n-6/n-3 are commonly viewed as pro-inflammatory, but unexpectedly were consistently inversely associated with responses in inflammatory proteins. In summary, a very low carbohydrate diet resulted in profound alterations in fatty acid composition and reduced inflammation compared to a low fat diet.     

Variation in Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Globe Artichoke Under Different Irrigation Regimes

Seed oil content of globe artichoke and its composition were assessed under three irrigation regimes, including irrigation at 20, 50, and 80 % depletion of soil available water. Water deficit affected the phenological characteristics, amount and the quality of the oil as well as the phenolics and antioxidant activity of the leaves and capitula. The seed oil content ranged from 18.7 % in 80 % to 22.8 % in 20 % treatment. The fatty acid composition of oil was determined using gas chromatography (GC). The predominant fatty acids in the oil were linoleic (51.68 %), oleic (34.22 %), palmitic (9.94 %), and stearic (3.58 %). Water deficit leads to reduced oil content, linoleic acid, the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and the iodine value. On the other hand, some other fatty acids such as palmitic and oleic acid and also the ratio of oleic/linoleic acid were elevated due to water deficit. Higher antioxidant activity was observed in capitula (IC₅₀ = 222.6 μg ml^?1) in comparison to the leaves (IC₅₀ = 285.8 μg ml^?1). Finally, the severe drought stress condition caused to gain higher oil stability, while the highest seed oil content and unsaturated fatty acids in the oil was obtained in non‐stress condition. Moreover, high phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity as well as appreciable dry matter content were obtained in the moderate water stress condition.     

Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Neutral Acylglycerols in Euonymus Fruits

The content and fatty acid (FA) composition of FA neutral acylglycerols (NAG), a mixture of 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerols (TAG) and 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (acDAG), were determined in the seeds and arils of fruits of 14 Euonymus L. species. On the average, the seeds exceeded the arils in the absolute and relative dry matter content 2.9- and 1.9-fold, respectively, and separate plant species greatly differed in NAG composition. The proportions of TAG in the NAG of seeds and arils were 4–5 and ~98 %, respectively. The degree of FA unsaturation in aril NAG was higher than in the seed NAG, and in acDAG—higher, than in TAG. In the NAG, 14 major FA molecular species (excluding minor FA) were found, and linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and linolenic acids were predominant. NAG of separate taxonomic units of the genus Euonymus L. differed from each other in the concentration of major FA as well as other FA. So, by using statistical analysis, it was definitely established that the species from the subgenus Euonymus were characterized by an increased content of linoleic acid, while those from the subgenus Kalonymus, by the predominance of oleic acid. Meanwhile, the species of the section Euonymus were marked by an enhanced concentration of a number of hexa- and octadecenoic FA positional isomers.     

不同产地的叶蜡石矿结构分析

分析了我国各地的叶蜡石矿结构,并对同一产地不同时间开采的叶蜡石及同一产地不同矿山的叶蜡石矿结构变化进行了跟踪,总结了不同结构叶蜡石加热变化的情况和在玻璃纤维生产中稳定叶蜡石质量需注意的问题。     

Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Seeds of Three Safflower Species

Seeds of six safflower (C. tinctorius L.) genotypes and 19 accessions of two wild species were analyzed for oil and fatty acid composition. Oil content ranged from 29.20 to 34.00, 20.04 to 30.80 and 15.30 to 20.80% in C. tinctorius, C. oxyacantha Bieb. and C. lanatus L., respectively. The main fatty acids of oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acids composed 96–99% of the total fatty acids in all species. The sum of myristic, palmitoleic, arachidic, and behenic fatty acids in oil of the species ranged from 0.43 to 0.57%. The oleic acid in seed oil of C. tinctorius, C. oxyacantha and C. lanatus ranged from 12.24 to 15.43, 14.11 to 19.28 and 16.70 to 19.77%, respectively. The corresponding ranges for linoleic acid were 71.05 to 76.12, 63.90 to 75.43 and 62.47 to 71.08%. Palmitic acid in seed oil varied from 5.48 to 7.59% in C. tinctorius, 6.09 to 8.33% in C. oxyacantha and 7.44 to 8.78% in C. lanatus. The stearic acid of the seed oil showed a variation of 1.72 to 2.86, 2.50 to 4.87 and 3.14 to 4.79% in genotypes of these species, respectively. The fatty acids composition of oil among the cultivated and wild species were not considerably different, indicating that seed oil of the wild safflower is possibly suitable for human consumption and industrial purposes.     

尿素包合法纯化山核桃油中的不饱和脂肪酸

将山核桃油经皂化后酸化制得脂肪酸,再对脂肪酸进行尿素包合,使其中饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸分离,从而提高不饱和脂肪酸的含量。实验中对皂化反应条件及尿素包合条件进行了优化。结果表明：在1mol/L氢氧化钾-无水乙醇溶液中反应5h,山核桃油能够皂化完全;在脂肪酸：尿素：无水乙醇比为1：2：10,温度为-18℃,时间为20h的条件下进行尿素包合,效果最佳,不饱和脂肪酸的含量由78.3％增加到94.2％。