挤压膨化技术在油脂工业上的应用

本叙述了何谓挤压膨化技术,油料经过挤压膨化处理将发生的应用,大豆化浸出工艺中试的情况,以及高含油油料的挤压膨化预处理。     

对国外几种高含油油料浸出新工艺的评述

高含油油料是指菜籽,生仁、棉籽(仁)、向日葵(仁)及芝麻等油料。这些油料79、80年度世界产量的总(1500万吨以上)已经超过了大豆年产量1400万吨。世界菜籽年产量已达八百万吨。我国年产菜籽约二百万吨。对这些油料的加工值得重视。国外正在研究对这些油料的加工的新工艺及设备。力求节约能源、提高油脂质量、减少基建投资和降低加工成本。目前国内油厂在处理高含油油料方面还停留在一般预榨——浸出工艺的水平上。本文介绍几种新工艺及设备并与一般预榨——浸出工艺比较。说明在这方面我们还有很多工作可做。在生产中还大有潜力可挖。     

浅谈高含油油料膨化浸出制油如何降低粕残油

介绍了高含油油料（ 棉仁） 一次膨化浸出制油工艺影响粕中残油的因素和各主要工序剥壳、软化、轧坯、蒸炒、浸出中降低粕中残油的操作方法及指标。     

椰子油、棕榈仁油制取工艺探讨

探讨了椰子干和棕榈仁加工工艺。由于这种高含油油料自身特点,不能套用我国常用的油脂制取工艺,有些虽属小道理,但影响全局,影响安全、稳定、低耗运行。所述内容对开拓国外油脂工程市场有一定帮助。     

4 号溶剂直接浸出高含油油料的研究

研究了4号溶剂直接浸出高含油油料的原理及工艺过程。通过模拟工业化生产的小型试验，确定了花生直接浸出的最佳工艺条件，对菜籽的直接浸出也进行了有价值的探索，对本工艺的开发利用前景进行了讨论。     

大豆预榨浸出与高油料预榨浸出的区别的讨论

大豆预榨浸出工艺自八三年问世以来,已经历了七个年头,现已被国内大豆浸出厂广泛采用,提高了浸出器的生产能力,增加了企业的经济效益。国内对高油料(如菜籽、花生、葵花籽等)研究较多,但对大豆这样含油在17％左右低油料在预榨工艺研究方面文章甚少。本文就大豆预榨浸出工艺特点作一番研讨,以供同行参考。     

202型螺旋预榨机(科研成果)鉴定书

在毛主席革命路线指引下,陕西省粮油科学研究所、湖北省东方红粮食机械厂、上海市粮食局援外组共同研制成功了202型螺旋预榨机。 202型预榨机是预榨——浸出法制油工艺中一项主要设备,适用于加工高、中等含油油料。     

膨化技术在油脂制取工艺中的最新进展

膨化技术已在食品、饲料等行业得到了广泛的应用,并取得了很大的成功,但在油脂制取工艺中的应用仍局限于浸出前油料的膨化,且多用于低含油油料的膨化,其应用范围受到一定限制。本文结合安得森（Ａｄｅｒｓｏｎ）公司──世界最具权威的膨化机制造公司,在膨化机制造与油脂加工工艺中的最新进展,论述膨化机在制油工艺中的应用。     

棉籽油与棉籽蛋白加工技术研究新进展

随着科技的进步,传统的人工压榨制油方法已基本上被全部淘汰。21世纪以来,棉籽油的规模生产以直接浸提和预榨浸提技术为主。直接浸出也称“一次浸出”。它是将油料经预处理后直接进行浸出制油工艺过程;预榨浸出油料经预榨取出部分油脂,再将含油较高的饼进行浸出的工艺过程。     

棉籽膨化浸出工艺应注意的一些问题

棉籽作为高含油油料的挤压膨化工艺技术以其突出的优点,日益被人们所认可,虽然该工艺技术在我国刚刚起步,但其发展方向是好的。从棉籽清选、剥壳、轧坯、蒸炒、膨化及浸出等方面进行分析讨论。理论与实际相结合,就棉籽在膨化浸出工艺中应注意的问题进行探讨,以求得到高质量的膨化浸出效果。     

A Review on Food Values of Selected Tropical Fruits’ Seeds

Fruit seeds are usually thrown out as waste during processing or after human consumption. Over the years, researchers have dedicated their effort to assess the food and nutritional values of many different fruit seeds. In this review, the research findings releated to the food values of ten different fruit seeds namely, guava, pumpkin, papaya, honeydew, mangosteen, rambutan, watermelon, mango, and durian were discussed. For several fruit seeds, the macro nutrient components such as oil, protein, and carbohydrate of are found to vary due to either varietal defferences or geographical variations. Among the seeds discussed, the range of oil content was from 1.8 to 49.0% while the range of protein content was from 6 to 40.0%. While the high oil bearing fruit seeds are potential new sources of oil, those with high protein content can be used for recovery of protein. As some of fruit seeds are edible and found to possess a host of phytonutrients, they can be harnessed for medicinal purposes. This review concludes that utilization of fruit seeds could not only bring health and wealth but also help to minimize the waste disposal problem of agro-based industries.     

柑橘籽油理化特性及脂肪酸组成研究

利用索氏抽提法从3种柑橘籽中提取油脂,并对柑橘籽油的理化特性进行了测定。利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对3种柑橘籽油的脂肪酸组成进行了分析和鉴定,每种柑橘籽油都分析鉴定出了10种脂肪酸,其中主要成分为亚油酸和油酸。柑橘籽油具有较高的营养价值,作为新油源具有一定的开发前景。     

4种豆类植物种子油脂的提取与分析

以常见的4种豆子为原料,粉碎后采用超声波辅助提取刀豆、花豆、大豆、红豆中的油脂,测定4种豆类植物种子中油脂的得率、理化性质、成分与含量。结果表明:除大豆外,其他3种豆类得油率较低,但是4种豆油在理化性质上都具有较好品质,符合食用植物油标准;在油脂成分上,4种豆油不饱和脂肪酸总量均较高,刀豆油中不饱和脂肪酸总量达到了91.43%,但4种豆油中大豆油含量最高的成分是亚油酸,而其他3种豆油含量最高的成分却是油酸,刀豆油中棕榈油酸含量相当高,达到16.2%,且亚麻酸含量也较高。     

Effect of Oil and Sugar Contents on the Surface of Dehulled-Roasted Sesame Seeds on Adhesion Between the Seeds

ABSTRACT:  The oil contents in the vicinity of the surface of adhesive and nonadhesive seeds were 0.77% and 0.43%, respectively. The total oil contents of adhesive and nonadhesive seeds were 52.2% and 51.5%, respectively. The adhesiveness of nonadhesive seeds increased from 0.02 to 0.59 when the surface oil content increased from 0.43% to 0.77% by smearing oil on the surface. The contact angle, surface tension of the oil, and surface morphology differed little between adhesive and nonadhesive sesame seeds. The mono- and oligosaccharide contents in the vicinity of the surface for adhesive and nonadhesive seeds were 0.15% and 0.064%, respectively. The adhesiveness of nonadhesive seeds increased remarkably from 0.02 to 0.99 when the surface saccharides and oil content increased from 0.064% to 0.15% and from 0.43% to 0.77%, respectively, by smearing sucrose and oil to the surface. These results suggested that surface mono- and oligosaccharides were an important factor in adhesion of dehulled-roasted seeds, and high surface oil content of the seeds caused an oil bridge to form between seeds.     

The proximate chemical composition and the amino acid content of some Nigerian oil seeds

Seven samples of some Nigerian oil seeds have been studied with respect to their proximate composition, calcium and phosphorus contents as well as the amino acid composition which was determined by column chromatography. Three of the groundnut samples were processed in the laboratory. These were then compared with a commercial groundnut cake. The African oil bean seeds, the conophor nuts and the soya beans obtained locally were processed in the laboratory. The chemical composition of the oil seed meals were with few exceptions similar to those reported in the literature. The tryptophan and sulphur amino acid contents of the conophor nuts were extremely high compared with the other oil seeds in which the sulphur amino acids were the limiting ones. The lysine contents of the African oil beans and the conophor nuts were exceptionally high compared with others. Glutamic acid followed by aspartic acid and arginine levels were generally high in each of the oil seeds. The implication of these findings are fully discussed.     

宁夏枸杞子非极性提取物在油脂高温氧化中的作用及机理

利用四氯化碳提取宁夏枸杞子的非极性物质。采取Schaal烘箱法研究枸杞子非极性提取物在食用油氧化过程中的作用。结果表明低浓度的非极性提取物对葵花籽油具有良好的氧化抑制作用,对猪油的氧化没有抑制效果;高浓度非极性提取物对猪油、葵花籽油均具有氧化促进作用。     

Nutrient composition of some less-familiar oil seeds

Seven less familiar oil seeds, namely gokhru, thumba, onion, tobacco, grape, niger seeds and mango seed kernels were analysed for their proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition. Gokhru, niger, tobacco and onion seeds were found to be good sources of protein and fat. Crude fibre contents of thumba and grape seeds were high. The seeds of thumba, niger, onion and mango (seed kernel) contained 4 g lysine per 16 g N. The methionine content of onion-seed protein was very high. Fatty acid profiles of fat from these oil seeds revealed a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids with the exception of gokhru.     

An overview of papaya seed oil extraction methods

Papaya seeds account for about 20% of the total fresh fruit weight. The seeds are generally discarded as agricultural waste products during fruit processing despite being edible. The seeds contain high levels of lipid and thus can be a new source of edible oil. Numerous technologies have been used for extraction of crude oil from papaya seeds. Papaya seed oil is composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids with oleic acid being the major one. The oil also contains lipophilic phytochemicals such as tocopherols, phytosterols and carotenoids. Further investigations are necessary to validate the functional properties of papaya seed oil produced from different extraction techniques.     

茶叶籽油研究进展

茶叶籽油从山茶科山茶属植物茶树的成熟种子中提取,富含不饱和脂肪酸和多种生理活性成分,可制成高级食用油、美容护肤品用油和医疗专用油,具有广阔的开发利用前景。本文综述了近年来茶叶籽油提取制备工艺、脂肪酸组成和含量分析、生理活性成分检测的研究进展,并针对生产实践中茶树结实率低、茶叶籽含油率中等两大问题,论述了改良茶园栽培管理技术增强茶叶籽丰产性、分子育种法提高茶叶籽含油率的可行性,旨在为制备优质的茶叶籽油提供参考。     

Effect of fermentation on the thiamin, riboflavin and niacin contents of melon seed (Citrullus vulgaris) and African oil bean seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla)

An automated thiochrome method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection were used to determine thiamin and riboflavin, respectively, in unfermented, and fermented melon seeds (Citrullus vulgaris) and African oil bean seeds (Pentaclethra macrophylla). Niacin was determined microbiologically. In all the methods used, fermentation significantly increased the content of thiamin, riboflavin and niacin in African oil bean seeds and thiamin and riboflavin in melon seeds. There was no change in the niacin content of melon seeds.