软件无线电实现UQPSK载波恢复的研究

随着卫星数字通信技术的不断发展,非平衡四项绝对移项键控(UQPSK)调制方式得到越来越多的应用,因此针对该调制方式的载波恢复算法也成为人们关注的焦点.本文介绍一种应用软件无线电的方法来进行卫星通信中UQPSK信号的载波恢复方案,并对其性能进行了仿真分析.从仿真结果可以看出,本文所提出的UQPSK调制信号的载波恢复方案可以解决现代卫星传输过程中多普勒频移较大的问题.     

基于循环平稳特性的高速数传信号载频获取

跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)的返向链路广泛采用高速数传非扩频QPSK信号,其同相和正交分量通常分配不同的发射功率,即采用UQPSK信号.针对这一特性,文中给出了UQPSK信号的循环谱,提出了基于循环平稳特性的载频获取算法.在存在干扰噪声的情况下,并通过仿真实验,对文中的算法进行了验证.研究结果表明,利用UQPSK信号的循环平稳特性,可以有效进行UQPSK信号的载频获取.     

非平衡相移键控信号的调制识别算法研究

通信系统中具有非平衡相位键控特征的UQPSK信号与其他PSK调制方式的调制识别算法近些年受到了广泛关注。提出了一种基于二次方谱的非数据辅助自动调制识别算法,有效地利用离散谱线特征,将I/Q两路功率比2∶1～8∶1的UQPSK信号从常用的BPSK、QPSK、8PSK、OQPSK和π/4-DQPSK信号集中区分出来。算法特征参数门限划分不需依靠信噪比估计、非平衡因子估计等先决条件,并对不同载波频偏、码元速率和成型滤波系数的信号有良好的适应性。计算机仿真证明,算法对包含UQPSK的PSK类信号在信噪比5 dB以上有良好的识别效果(识别率≥90%)。     

卫星测控侦察中相位编码信号的调制识别

针对卫星测控链路中常用的数字调相信号BPSK、QPSK、OQPSK（偏移QPSK）和UQPSK（非平衡QPSK）的调制识别问题，提出了基于二阶矩和相位差统计特性的分类算法。该方法首先以二倍码速率对复基带信号进行采样，然后利用能量归一化的二阶矩的模和相邻样点相位差绝对值的统计特性，分两个等级实现对这四种信号的分类。分析了载频偏移、相位误差以及成形脉冲对分类算法性能的影响，并通过计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

UQPSK直接序列扩频信号在卫星通信应用中的检测和性能分析

在卫星数字通信中,非平衡QPSK(UQPSK)直接序列扩频(DSSS)信号是一类应用广泛的调制方式,对其侦察处理的研究很少。本文将相关函数二阶矩方法应用于这类信号的检测与伪码周期估计中,推导了检测性能与输入信噪比、初相估计误差、UQPSK DSSS信号的同相和正交支路功率比、伪码长度等参数的关系,计算机仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。     

一种改进的高动态QPSK信号解调算法

正交相移键控(QPSK)调制解调方式广泛应用于深空通信、数字卫星通信等高速系统中,高动态QPSK信号具有较大的多普勒载波频偏,针对现有的解调算法对QPSK信号频偏估计范围小、精度较低等问题,提出了一种改进的高动态QPSK信号解调算法。该算法利用基于Zoom-FFT的Quinn频率估计算法对载波频偏进行估计,将频偏估计分为粗估计和精估计两个过程,对估计所得频偏进行补偿后利用Costas环完成载波同步。在MATLAB中对算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,该算法能够实现对高动态大频偏QPSK信号的有效捕获,与传统的解调方式相比,该算法对载波频偏的估计范围更大,且具有更高的频偏估计精度和更好的误码性能。     

一种低信噪比解调的实现方案及性能仿真

高效率编码技术(如LDPC,Turbo码)的发展迫切要求降低解调门限。提出一种适用于QPSK调制方式的低信噪比解调方案,该方案采用频域非线性定时估计算法进行定时误差估计,利用FFT进行载波频差估计,利用周期性插入的导频序列进行载波相位估计。首先仿真了定时误差和载波相位误差对解调性能的影响,并在此基础上确定了算法的具体参数,最后对解调器的综合性能进行了仿真,仿真结果表明上述算法在Es/N0=2dB时的解调性能恶化小于0.5 dB。     

基于多芯片组装的紧凑型UQPSK调制倍频模块

介绍了一种高载波隔离度的S波段UQPSK调制倍频模块的设计技术。对UQPSK调制电路的设计流程进行了阐述,对影响最终指标的关键因素进行了分析。同时,介绍了如何在简化电路、缩小体积的前提下获得良好的综合性能以及如何分配各级器件指标。最终研制出具有高性能的S波段UQPSK调制倍频模块。     

基于选相法的DOQPSK调制器设计

DOQPSK调制性能优于QPSK调制，先介绍了DOQPSK的调制原理，重点对传统的正交调制方式和选相调制两种调制方式进行了比较，包括实现的难易程度和在解调端的载波恢复性能。最后基于SIMULINK仿真的结果，采用了更适合用FPGA实现DOQPSK的调制方案。     

星载数字化TDRSS/USB双模应答机设计与试验

介绍了跟踪与数据中继星系统(TFDRSS)中用户星TDRSS/USB双模应答机的功能和组成,在传统USB应答机和扩频应答机的基础上设计了一种数字化的星载TDRSS/USB双模应答机,具有TT&C和TDR两种工作模式.接收机采用了中频数字化的载波跟踪和解扩解调、伪码快速捕获和精确跟踪方法;发射机的相干载波产生和PM调制采用直接数字频率合成(DDS)方法;两种模式下共用了收发通道和部分FPGA.资源.新的设计方法使应答机的调试难度、稳定性、载波和伪码捕获速度、跟踪精度、测距时延误差、功耗、重量等指标均有改善.     

Optimum Receiver structures for Phase-Multiplexed Modulations

The problem of deriving "optimum" receiver structures for synchronization of BPSK, QPSK, and unbalanced QPSK (UQPSK) modulations has been addressed by many authors starting with the wellknown maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation technique as motivation. In general, the closed loop structures which result from application of this theory are impractical because of the difficulty of implementing the hyperbolic tangent nonlinearity which is suggested by using the gradient of the likelihood function as an error control signal in the loop. To arrive at practical realizations, one ordinarily approximates this nonlinearity with simpler, more easily implementable functions. This paper reexamines some of these approximations and the optimum structures which result. Using a slightly more sophisticated approximation of the nonlinearity, new and interesting structures are presented which overcome some of the deficiencies posed by MAP receiver structures for QPSK and UQPSK suggested by authors in the past. The equivalence of the QPSK structure with the well-known quadriphase Costas loop is discussed. Furthermore, it is argued that the new UQPSK structure allows carrier reconstruction at all ratios of data rates and powers in the two channels even in the limit of balanced QPSK.     

Carrier Synchronization Techniques for Unbalanced QPSK Signals-Part I

This paper uses MAP estimation techniques to obtain carrier reconstruction circuits for unbalanced QPSK signals. In addition, the performance analysis of these circuits is carried out to the extent that a loop design can proceed. Optimal weighting coefficients in the receiving system are identified as functions of theI-Qpower and data rate splits. Finally, numerical results are presented in order to demonstrate the utility of the theory developed. This signal design will be used in the development of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) and the Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System (NAVSTAR GPS).     

快速傅里叶变换载波频偏估计算法

基于最大似然法参数估计,本文提出一种快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的频偏估计算法,它能直接检测得到载波频偏绝对值大小,且精度与输入端信噪比无关.它可应用于中继卫星通信中高速数传且频带有效QPSK的同步解调.     

The Effects of Transponder Imperfections on the Error Probability Performance of a Satellite Communication System

The bit error rate (BER) performance analysis of a data communication system is generally based on the assumption that signal waveforms are ideal and hardware-induced distortion is absent. In a satellite communication system, such distortion arises in the satellite repeater, as well as in the transmitter and receiver portions. NASA, which is in the process of developing its Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), is very much interested in understanding the impact of numerous hardware constraints, that have been identified, on BER performance. The present paper, which treats one segment of this broad problem area, examines the cumulative impact of nine forms of distortion induced by the repeater on BPSK and QPSK signals. These include frequency offset, filter amplitude and phase ripple, phase noise, spurious phase modulation (PM), AM/AM and AM/PM conversion, incidental AM, and spurious outputs. For the present analysis, the transmitter and receiver are assumed to operate in essentially ideal fashions and thermal noise is introduced at the receiver front end only. Computed results indicate that BPSK and QPSK performances are impacted in substantially different manners, with QPSK generally more sensitive to a given form of distortion. One noteworthy example is the combined impact of the phase noise and spurious PM parameters which affect BPSK only slightly, but lead to very rapid QPSK performance degradation as the parameter values increase. This and the other distortion effects are illustrated via computed parametric performance curves. Results also demonstrate the need to account for interactions among distortion parameters.     

基于软件无线电的S频段通用化TDRSS用户终端

介绍了一种S频段通用化跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(Tracking&Data Relay Satellite System,TDRSS)用户终端的实现方案,重点论述了射频通道的通用化设计和数字处理模块的实现。对70 MHz中频信号直接欠采样数字化后,利用FPGA完成中频处理的所有流程,实现了一个硬件平台满足不同通信频点、扩频伪码和信息速率的需求。系统具有体积小、重量轻的特点,适合应用于微小卫星平台。测试结果表明,能满足常规中继测控通信指标要求。     

BPSK、QPSK、OQPSK、UQPSK信号识别研究

采用提取信号相位并用直方图统计的方法对BPSK、QPSK、OQPSK、UQPSK信号进行识别,并分析不同噪声背景下对这四种信号识别的影响。仿真结果表明在满足一定信噪比的条件下,能够完成对这四种调相信号的识别。     

BPSK,QPSK,UQPSK,64QAM信号自动调制识别

随着卫星通信、移动通信、雷达侦察、电子战等无线通信领域的快速发展,MPSK和MQAM两类调制方式因具有较高的频谱利用率和良好的抗噪性能,得到了广泛应用。尤其是在星间链路通信中常用到BPSK、QPSK、UQPSK、64QAM等调制类型。文中在基于高阶累积量法的基础上,提出了新的基于特征参数提取的方法,实现了对BPSK、QPSK、UQPSK、64QAM调制类型自动识别技术。实验结果表明,该方法简单、有效、运算量小,且抗干扰能力强、识别率较高、实时性较好、适合工程应用     

Carrier detection of PSK signals

This paper reports on a theoretical study of the detection of the 2f and 4f carrier components of phase-shift keying (PSK) signals produced by passing signal and noise through a nonlinear device. Unbalanced quadrature PSK (QPSK) signals, i.e., QPSK signals with unequal power in the two channels, are studied. The complete range of channel power ratio is covered, with equal emphasis on the general unbalanced case and the two limiting cases of binary PSK and (balanced) QPSK. Analytic expressions are derived for the detected SNR of carrier harmonics 2f and 4f as a function of SNR, channel power ratio, and normalized input bandwidth. The results apply equally well to PSK data signals and direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals. Measurements confirm every aspect of the theory. The least detectable signal type is balanced QPSK, which is detectable (at 4f) at a threshold SNR ranging from -2 to -13 dB as the detection process gain (chip or data rate/detection bandwidth) is varied from 40 to 80 dB