保护消费者才能保护生产者

建筑卫生陶瓷产品的生产为了消费，生产者与消费者的关系是不言而喻的。市场竞争的根本在于占领市场，占领市场的关键是争取消费者，消费者解囊换产品，一个生产过程才算结束，新的生产循环才得以开始。现代社会大生产实现“生产到消费”这一过程经历了太多的无法回避的中间环节，每一环节关心的内容各不相同但又紧密联系。从某一意义上说，生产者更加侧重于质量、效率、效益及其实现的过程，而消费者只关注价值，包括产品及服务的质量。产品及服务的质量通过品牌来实现。　　著名经济学家吴敬琏指出：创品牌要靠企业、政府、中介组织三…     

Spatial economic networks with multicriteria producers and consumers: Statics and dynamics

In this paper, we develop a framework for the formulation, analysis, and computation of solutions to spatial network problems in which the firms are multicriteria decision-makers and the consumers are as well. In particular, the firms, which are involved in the production of a homogeneous commodity, are spatially separated and weight the two criteria of profit maximization and total output maximization in distinct fashion. They are faced with the selection of modes/routes (which are modeled in an aggregated manner) to transport the commodity to the demand markets where consumers, consisting of different classes, consider the price charged by the producers and weight the transportation cost and the transportation time of the product on the links in an individual manner. We derive the governing equilibrium conditions and present the variational inequality formulation. We provide qualitative properties of the equilibrium commodity shipment and generalized price pattern and then propose a tatonnement process, which we formulate as a projected dynamical system. We give an algorithm for computational purposes and apply it to several numerical examples for illustration purposes. This paper is the first to integrate multicriteria decision-making on the production side and on the consumption side in a basic network context. Received: February 2001/Accepted: August 2001     

Heterogeneous duopoly, spatially discriminatory pricing, and optimal location

It is found in the literature that if duopolists produce differentiated products and engage in price competition in a linear city model with elastic demand, the two firms necessarily agglomerate at the market center and this is the unique locational equilibrium, irrespective of the pricing policies charged by the firms. Utilizing a more reasonable market-serving assumption, this paper finds that the firms can be either centrally agglomerated or dispersed depending on the magnitude of the transport rate and the degree of product differentiation. Moreover, if the two firms choose quantity instead of price as their decision variables, the two firms become less likely to stay apart. But if they do, the distance of their locations necessarily shrinks. This paper also examines the locational configuration in the absence of the market-serving assumption and finds that spatial dispersion could be the only location pattern.     

市政公用事业特许经营制度的主要内容

1市政公用事业特许经营制度的实质———在选择投资者或者经营者的阶段引入竞争机制。竞争是有限度的,市场退出制度保证经营阶段垄断也不是绝对的;———政府授权。不仅有市场选择的程序,也有政府授予权利的程序,是政府对权利的转让;———通过协议界定当事人双方的权利和责任。协议双方以建立相互信任的关系为原则。2市政公用事业实施特许经营的范围《市政公用事业特许经营管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)规定,城市供水、供气、供热、公共交通、污水处理、垃圾处理等行业实施特许经营适用本《办法》。这些行业,有共性的一面:市场化程度相对比…     

面向危机的市政公用事业安全管理与应急准备

近些年来,我国经济持续快速发展,城市化进程不断加快,公共危机也呈现出高发态势,市政公用事业安全面临着极为严峻的考验。市政公用事业主要包括城市供水排水、供电、燃气、集中供热、公共交通等,具有公共性高、涉及面广、相互关联性强的特点,其运转是否安全可靠,     

城市公用事业安全与危机管理

2005年11月21日，中国的哈尔滨市由于城市水源污染，停止全城供水4天，引起全城骚动，人心惶惶，险些引起一场社会危机。此事由于中央及有关方面的努力，化险为夷，已经过去。但其中引发的对突发事件的危机管理以及城市公用事业的安全问题，应令各有关方面警惕与思考。     

中国市政公用设施投融资现状与改革方向

积极稳妥地加快市政公用事业市场化进程,引入竞争机制,建立政府特许经营制度,促进市政公用事业发展,为全面建设小康社会和城镇化发展提供必要的基础条件,这是城市市政公用事业改革的目标。     

服务：雪域飘起金丝带——优质服务为中联重科与客户架起了沟通、信任与理解的桥梁

中联重科格尔木办事处工作人员的日常工作,就是穿梭在全长1118km青藏铁路格拉段施工现场。格拉段有960km穿行在平均海拔4000m以上的世界屋脊。办事处的售后服务和销售人员就是在十分恶劣的条件下,克服常人难以想象的艰难困苦,以虔诚的敬业精神,在雪域高原系起了中联重科和用户之间的金色丝带。　　说起青藏高原,人们首先想到的是：蓝宝石般清澈的天空下,高耸入云的雪峰,终年不化的冰川,雄伟壮观的布拉达宫和奇特的民族风情……这一些,充满了神秘的色彩,引人遐思,令人向往。　　但当你真正地置身青藏高原腹地,这里所具有的低压、…     

农村公共服务设施建设现状及规划对策

在深入调研的基础上,分析了农村公共服务设施建设现状中存在的主要问题,并从供求两个方面剖析了章丘市农村公共服务设施建设滞后的原因,最后因地制宜的提出了完善公共服务设施配置的相关对策与建议。     

Optimal facility placement and discriminatory congestion pricing in neighborhoods with different time costs

In many urban areas, time costs or wages vary between neighborhoods, but there is little wage variation within a given neighborhood. Neighborhoods are often labelled “working class,”“middle class,” or even “wealthy.” For this reason, there are many efficiency and distributional issues related to location because location largely determines access costs. Congestion also affects time costs and access. Many public policies are geared towards improving access for households in low-wage neighborhoods. Public facilities are built; some firms receive nonprofit status. In order to evaluate these policies, normative theory is needed. This paper develops theory on the optimal placement of facilities and their congestion prices in urban areas with wage variation between neighborhoods. The results show that optimal locations and prices depend on the extent of wage inequality. Received: February 2001/Accepted: September 2001     

Important causes of delay in public utility projects in Saudi Arabia

This study was conducted to determine the most important causes of delay in public utility projects, based on the frequency and severity of the causes. A survey of randomly selected samples of contractors, consultants, and owners was carried out to assess the frequency of occurrence and the severity of impact of sixty potential delay causes. A frequency index and a severity index were determined for each cause. An importance index for each cause was then computed as the product of the frequency and severity indices. The results showed that the three parties surveyed generally agree on the importance ranking of delay causes. The causes were grouped also into six major categories of delay. The analysis showed lack of agreement among the parties on the ranking of the major categories of delay.     

民营企业参与城市基础设施投资及相应的融资方式

政府投资、建设、经营、管理城市基础设施一直是发展中国家的传统作法,近年来,政府为摆脱过重的财政压力、提高基础设施建设质量和服务水平,已开始利用民营资本参与城市基础设施投资。政府开始利用监管手段来代替原来对资产的实际拥有,一定程度上减轻了原来直接建设经营管理城市基础设施的烦恼,取得了较好的效果。     

我国城市公共自行车服务系统的改进建议

论述了研究城市公共自行车服务系统的背景和意义,结合国内外公共自行车服务系统的现状,分析了晋中市城市交通发展模式,从站点位置及间距、使用对象、租赁卡形式和收费标准等方面,提出了改进城区公共自行车服务系统的建议,有利于实现节能减排、绿色出行的目标。     

城市公共服务设施可达性评估及布局优化研究

以南方某市老城区小学为例,采用基于栅格数据模型的可达性分析方法,研究小学的可达性、服务饱和程度及布局合理性,以期为类似公共服务设施的布局优化提供参考依据。     

房价与地价的关系

结合房地产开发的现状,分析了影响房地价格的因素,详细地阐述了房价与地价的关系,结合“汤臣一品”的事件,从反面证明了房价与地价的基本规律不能违反的结论。     

面向创新2.0的城管地图公共服务平台的研究与实现

应对创新2.0时代城市管理的机遇和挑战,以建立城市管理的长效机制和手段为目标,构建面向创新2.0的城管地图公共服务平台。平台以多渠道服务为牵引,对公共服务平台的业务流程进行了设计,提出了平台的总体框架,分析了以市民城管通为代表的移动技术、LBS应用,以新浪微博为代表的SNS应用等平台关键技术及其实现方法。实践表明,以创新2.0为理念,以城管地图为载体构建的社会协同共建、共享、共治的公共服务开放平台和开放数据建设,是依托现代信息通信技术创新社会管理、迈向政府2.0的重要探索。     

城市公共服务设施专项规划编制实践与探索

依据相关法律条款,阐述了城市公共服务设施专项规划的地位、作用,编制内容及深度,结合临汾市中小学教育设施布局规划的编制工作,探讨了编制这类专项规划的具体方法,以供实际工作参考借鉴。     

南昌市地理信息公共服务平台建设

本文通过对南昌市现有数据服务现状和实际应用中存在的问题的分析,结合对地理信息公共服务平台的研究,提出了解决这些问题的可行性办法,阐述了公共服务平台的部分应用功能,满足了南昌市政府各部门的实际应用需求。     

从接受到参与——关于当代公共艺术创作的若干思索

当代公共艺术出现了强调公众参与的趋势,从开放的私人艺术空间、到为反映公众文化艺术审美要求的特定公共领域——"与公众的互动"成为当代公共艺术的重要策略。公共艺术具有社会性、综合性和多元性的特点。公共艺术反是映公共诉求的艺术,是无处不在的艺术,是依赖空间的艺术,是公众参与的艺术。同时当代公共艺术还体现出强烈的对公众与社会的关注,其社会功能日益突出。