New cloth from basalt fibres

The possibility of production of basalt and glass—basalt cloth for electrical insulation and construction applications was demonstrated. The technological production parameters were developed and the physicomechanical indexes of the cloth were determined. It was found that the specific volume electrical resistance of basalt and glass—basalt fabrics is one order of magnitude higher than the specific volume electrical resistance of glass cloth.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 60–61, January–February, 1995.     

Effect of the conditions of spinning of polyester fibres on the longitudinal velocity gradient

The velocity gradient changes as a function of the conditions of spinning PETP, and the value can increase from several tens to hundreds of units in the order LSS (low-speed spinning)—MSS (medium-speed spinning)—HSS (high-speed spinning). A combined increase in the longitudinal velocity gradient, orientation, and relaxation time is observed with an increase in the speed of spinning PETP. It was shown that crosslinking of PETP is determined by the character of the strain in the longitudinal velocity gradient field. The features and common points of spinning of PETP monofilament and complex fibre and their cross-linking in a longitudinal velocity gradient field were determined.All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Synthetic Fibres, Tver'. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5. pp. 30–33, September–October, 1996.     

机织滤布的堵塞及单丝滤布的开发应用

从机织滤布的材料性质、孔隙结构及加工工艺等方面出发,讨论了机织滤布的堵塞机理及规律,在此基础上,充分论证了单丝滤布是减轻滤布堵塞,延长滤布过滤周期,提高过滤指标和经济效益的最有效的措施之一,并给出了生产实例的对比     

Aspects of the modification of refractory concrete with nanosilica

Aspects of the modification of refractory concretes with different grades of Ludox nanosilica are discussed. It was established that the addition of nanosilica TMA to the binder in amounts no greater than 25% of the binder’s weight increases the strength of medium-cement concretes and alleviates their softening. The grade of nanosilica that is optimum for super-low-cement concretes is AS-40.     

The type of sodium polyphosphate as a factor in the properties of magnesia — Spinel concrete

Conclusions A new type sodium polyphosphate was developed and can be used as binder for refractory concrete. The properties of cast magnesia—spinel concrete are not affected to a significant extent when the new product is used.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 34–36, March, 1977.     

Structural features and properties of fibres based on mixtures of an ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer with a copolyamide

Conclusions By x-ray analysis, we have confirmed the previously expressed hypothesis of a forced deformation of SÉVA on flow of an SÉVA—SPA mixture as a result of specific interaction of the components at the interface: the degree of orientation of the SÉVA macromolecules in the microfibres is higher than in a monofilament from the starting polymer.It has been shown that ultrathin SÉVA fibres are characterized by a porosity, caused by micro- and macro-hollows, which causes a decrease in their strength as compared with the strength of ordinary SÉVA fibres.Kiev Technological Institute for Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 39–41, March–April, 1992.     

Effect of diameter nonuniformity in unoriented monofilament on stretch ratio and strength of the final fibre

Conclusions Dependences have been obtained which make it possible, for the stretching scheme examined, to carry out a comparison with a monofilament which is uniform in diameter, with respect to limiting stretch ratio and strength after stretching, at any character of change in diameter of an undrawn filament.It has been shown that the stretch ratio and the strength of a drawn monofilament are determined by the ratio of the maximum diameter to the minimum diameter (D/d), and also by the character of the change in diameter over the length of the undrawn monofilament.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 11–12, November–December, 1987.     

Prediction of creep of oriented polycaproamide fibres

A method of predicting permanent creep with dynamometric curves was proposed for oriented PA-6 monofilament. The curves of the changes in the modulus of elasticity in different stretching modes were used to estimate the effect of the change in the modulus of elasticity on the deformability of the monofilament in the creep mode.Blagoveshchensk Institute of Technology. Institute of Textile and Light Industry, St. Petersburg. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 38–41, November–December, 1992.     

Use of chemical fibre manufacturing wastes for modification of petroleum paving asphalts

The effectiveness of using large-tonnage wastes from chemical fibre manufacturing plants for modifying petroleum paving asphalts is demonstrated. Addition of bottoms and acetate fibre wastes in the amount of 0.3 to 0.4 wt. % to asphalt—rubber composite reduces the ductility of the composite at 0°C by 20–70% and insignificantly affects the ductility of the composite at 25°C. Penatration of the composite is insignificantly altered. The softening point of the composite increases slightly. When the bottoms content in the composite is increased, the effect of increasing the fibre content becomes more even. This indicates the slight damping effect of the bottoms. Addition of acetate fibre to the polymer—asphalt binder in the amount of up to 0.4% increases the R & B softening point by 5–15%. IR spectroscopy showed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polar groups in the bottoms and the oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups in the asphalt.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 52–55 September–October, 2004.     

Structure and physicomechanical properties of polycaproamide monofilaments

Conclusions The molecular weight of the polymer, filament diameter, and cooling conditions during spinning exert a considerable effect on the size of the skin and the structural nonuniformity over the cross section of polycaproamide monofilaments.A monofilament with minimum skin dimensions is the most transparent and elastic.At low spinning temperatures and with the use of organic liquids for cooling, it is possible to obtain a monofilament with no skin.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 41–43, July–August, 1983.     

机织滤布及选择的若干问题

介绍了一些机织滤布的情况 ,并对选择滤布的几个应注意的指标进行了论述。     

精密单丝滤布透水速率与截留精度的研究

为进一步了解液固分离用织造滤布的过滤性能,以液固分离用新型过滤介质精密单丝滤布为研究对象,对滤布结构、开孔大小、丝径、孔隙率等因素对透水速率的影响进行了理论分析与讨论;并采用国际标准规定的鼓泡孔径、透水速率和截留精度的测试方法,对几种精密单丝滤布的孔径大小、透水速率、截留精度、透水阻力、孔隙度、分离效率进行了实验测定;同时介绍了不同孔隙度及截留精度的测定方法和结果,并对截留精度经验计算进行了实验验证,对正确选择与科学使用过滤介质单丝滤布提供有益的参考。     

Production and performance of dense corundum refractories

Conclusions The production technology was developed and production was launched of dense superduty corundum refractories with mullite—corundum binder. The products proved to be highly durable in the lining of a channel type induction furnace at the Volga Automobile Plant.The refractories are used also for the masonry of the roof of the high-temperature glass furnaces used in the production of glass fiber and are suitable as lining material for in-vacuo steel refining installations and other high-temperature heat-using equipment.Deceased.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 17–18, July, 1978.     

Development of Fe Fischer–Tropsch catalysts for slurry bubble column reactors

The effect of two binder systems — a silica-based system and a silica–kaolin–clay–phosphate-based system — on a doubly promoted Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis iron catalyst (100Fe/5Cu/4.2K) was studied. The catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation, followed by binder addition and spray drying at 270°C in a 1 m diameter, 2 m tall spray dryer. The binder silica content was varied from 0 to 20 wt.%. A catalyst with 12 wt.% binder silica was found to have the highest attrition resistance. The FT activity and selectivity of this catalyst are better than a Ruhrchemie catalyst at 270°C and 1.48 MPa. The addition of precipitated silica or kaolin to catalysts containing 10–12 wt.% binder silica decreases attrition resistance and increases methane selectivity. Based on the experience gained, a catalyst has been successfully spray dried in 500 g quantity. This catalyst showed 95% CO conversion over 125 h of testing at 270°C, 1.48 MPa, and 2 NL/g-cat/h and had less than 4% methane selectivity. Its attrition resistance was one of the highest among the catalysts tested.     

Preparation of heat-bonded fibrous materials with an assigned air-permeability from polymer melts

Conclusions A directly proportional dependence of the air-permeability of heat-bonded fibrous materials from the aerodynamic spinning method on fibre diameter has been found, plus an inverse proportionality on the cloth thickness, wherein the cloth thickness exerts a greater effect on air-permeability.The fundamental possibility of predicting the air-permeability of heat-bonded fibrous materials from the aerodynamic spinning method having a known fibre diameter and cloth thickness has been shown, and also the possibility of preparing materials with an assigned air-permeability by regulating the ratio of fibre diameter to cloth thickness.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 57–59, May–June, 1989.     

Resistance of cloth barriers made of high-modulus fibres to ballistic impact

The following conclusions can be drawn: the bending and shear strength in cloth made of high-modulus thread does not affect the protective power of cloth packs of traditional structure; the corresponding mechanical characteristics of the yarn cannot be taken into consideration in planning such barriers; the bending strength can be used for increasing the energy capacity of a barrier based on a cloth pack by using a structure that ensures combined deformation of the pack layers but retains the freedom of shear strains and independent stretching of warp and weft in layers.St. Petersburg State University of Design and Technology. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 34–36, May–June, 1995.     

基于焦化除尘灰和无纺布的活性炭布制备研究

以焦化除尘灰基活性炭和无纺布为原料制成一种活性炭布。活性炭布的成形工艺采用浸渍涂布法。研究了活性炭质量分数和粘结剂质量分数对活性炭布的载炭量及碘吸附值的影响。活性炭布的载炭量随着活性炭质量分数和粘结剂质量分数的增大而增大。当活性炭质量分数为20%、粘结剂质量分数为30%时,活性炭布的碘吸附值高达291.3541 mg/g。     

New filter materials

The possibility of producing reinforced material for filtration made from basalt fibres and different combinations with glass fibres was demonstrated. The technological production parameters were developed and the physicomechanical indexes of the cloth were determined. It was found that cloth made of basalt fibre had the best air permeability, but the processability was worse than for combined and glass cloth. Cloth with a concentration of 50 wt. % basalt and 50 wt. % glass fibres had the optimum physicomechanical properties and best processability.Berdyansk Glass Fibre Plant. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 56–57, November–December, 1994.     

Structure features of transparent polyamide monofilaments

Conclusions The transparency of polyamide monfilaments is determined by the size of their supermolecular structures, Reduction in size causes an increase in transparency.Addition of materials which are crystallization retarders to the polyamide aids in the formation of a fine-grain structure.The effectiveness of additive action depends on its chemical structure and the diameter of the monofilament.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 17–20, July–August, 1983.     

Thermal decomposition and combustion of phosphorus-metal-containing cellulose materials

Fire-retardant systems (FRS) consisting of a phosphorus-containing combustion retardant and metal (copper, chromium, cobalt, and nickel) salts which ensure elevated fireproofing indexes and resistance of cellulose cloth and cloth made of a mixture of cellulose and polyester fibre to wet treatments were proposed. It was shown that phosphorus-metal-containing FRS change the direction of reactions in thermolysis of cellulose material both in the condensed and in the gas phase of combustion, significantly decreasing the toxicity of the volatile products of thermolysis.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 38–40, September–October, 1995.