基于统一强度理论的断裂准则

基于统一强度理论,在小范围屈服条件下,推导Ⅰ、Ⅱ复合型裂纹裂尖塑性区范围的统一解析解。给出不同拉压比α、泊松比υ、中间主应力影响参数b以及裂纹倾角β下的一族塑性区形状与大小的轨迹,讨论以上参数对裂尖塑性区变化的影响。最后基于裂纹尖端塑性区的解析解,提出了一种复合型裂纹断裂准则,分析了裂纹倾角与初始断裂角的关系。结果表明,该准则预测结果比其它准则更精确,与试验结果吻合得非常好。     

基于AIC信息准则的Delta T声发射源定位方法

疲劳断裂是金属结构中的主要失效形式,而金属结构中的早期疲劳断裂信号通常难以检测。TOA方法是常用的声发射定位源方法,但是声波传播过程中波速变换和路径的复杂性对其结果影响很大。运用Delta T声发射源定位方法,用断铅实验模拟声发射源,用AIC信息准则对到达时间进行优化,通过使用差值求源点坐标和图像处理的方法,求得声发射源坐标。通过在平板上的实验,比较两种源定位方法在不同结构中的定位结果,分析定位误差,结果表明图像处理方法更为优秀。     

韧性材料断裂形式与J准则存在的问题

受材料特性不同与应力状态形式不同的影响,韧性材料可发生准解理断裂、孔洞正拉断、孔洞剪断和无孔洞影响的剪断等多种断裂形式,不同的断裂形式,材料中危险点位置与宏观断裂面方向则不同,相应的细观断裂机理、宏观断裂条件也有区分.J-积分理论没有区分材料不同断裂形式,将其用于金属材料一些复合型断裂试验结果时有较大误差.利用细观力学对材料断裂机理的分析,结合几种金属材料在不同应力状态下的断裂试验结果,对J准则存在的基本问题进行讨论,并对材料不同断裂形式的主要影响因素进行分析.     

断裂准则对TC4钛合金板抗卵形头弹冲击的影响

为了解TC4钛合金的抗冲击力学性能,利用一级轻气炮进行了卵形头弹冲击TC4钛合金靶板的试验,撞击速度范围为125.9~240.0 m/s。通过撞击试验获得弹体的初始-剩余速度以及靶板的失效破坏模式,并利用公式拟合弹体初始-剩余速度得到弹道极限速度。利用ABAQUS/Explicit有限元软件建立弹体冲击靶体的三维模型,研究断裂准则对TC4钛合金板抗卵形头弹冲击性能的影响,分别采用不同断裂准则进行数值模拟,并将数值模拟预测结果与试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,从弹道极限和失效破坏模式综合考虑,Hancock-Mackenzie (H-M) 准则预测的结果与试验结果更接近,说明考虑失效应变随应力三轴度的变化关系能提高数值仿真精度。     

面向小偏置碰的轮毂断裂模拟研究

为准确地模拟轮毂的碰撞断裂失效行为,开展了AlSi7（铸铝）材料的断裂力学试验,基于CrachFEM失效准则研究了材料特性参数拟合方法。根据轮毂的准静态和动态试验与仿真对比分析,提出了适用于轮毂断裂模拟的有限元建模规则和材料失效参数调整方法,使轮毂碰撞断裂模式的仿真结果更贴合试验结果。研究结果表明：利用所提建模规则与方法显著提高了碰撞模拟的失效预测精度,可为小偏置碰的安全性能开发提供有效的虚拟仿真评估手段。     

拉/扭复合载荷下氧化铝的切口强度及预测

提出了适用于陶瓷切口件拉／扭复合应力下的断裂准则，其中不合经验参数。采用具有不同应力集中系数的Al2O3陶瓷管状试样，在不同的拉／扭复合应力状态下测定了断裂强度。试验结果证明了该断裂准则的有效性和通用性。利用现有文献中的相关试验结果，对上述断裂准则作了进一步的客观校核。根据该断裂准则和陶瓷材料拉伸强度的概率分布参数，还可预测陶瓷材料光滑试样和切口件在拉／扭复合应力下具有存活率的断裂准则。提出的断裂准则具有工程应用意义。     

三轴应力状态下复合型裂纹尖端前缘的塑性区分布

利用Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服准则从理论上分析了Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端前缘的塑性区分布。推导出了由三轴应力约束参数Ｔｚ参与表征的裂纹尖端前缘塑性区尺寸ｒｐ的表达式，并绘制出了Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型裂纹在单轴、双轴载荷作用下裂纹尖端塑性区的分布图。     

关于分析设计法中应力强度准则Pm＋Pb≤1.5[σ]的讨论

对分析设计法中一次薄膜加一次弯曲应力强度的设计准则Pm＋Pb≤1.5[σ]进行了讨论,指出该准则的安全裕度并不总能达到≥1.5。对板壳结构来说,最小安全裕度只有1.30,同时给出了一个既能保证安全裕度≥1.5、应用又较简单的修正设计准则。     

Calibration and evaluation of seven fracture models

Over the past 5 years, there has been increasing interest of the automotive, aerospace, aluminum, and steel industries in numerical simulation of the fracture process of typical structural materials. Accordingly, there is a pressure on the developers of leading commercial codes, such as ABAQUS, LS-DYNA, and PAM-CRASH to implement reliable fracture criteria into those codes. Even though there are several options to address fracture in these and other commercial codes, no guidelines are given for the users as to which fracture criterion is suitable for a particular application and how to calibrate a given material for fracture. The objective of the present paper is to address the above issues and present a thorough comparative study of seven fracture criteria that are included in libraries of material models of non-linear finite element codes. A set of 15 tests recently conducted by the authors on 2024-T351 aluminum alloy is taken as a reference for the present study. The plane stress prevails in all these tests. These experiments are compared with the constant equivalent strain criterion, the Xue–Wierzbicki (X–W) fracture criterion, the Wilkins (W), the Johnson–Cook (J–C) and the CrachFEM fracture models. Additionally, the maximum shear (MS) stress model, and the fracture forming limit diagram (FFLD) are included in the present evaluation. All criteria are formulated in the general 3-D case for the power law hardening materials and then are specified for the plane stress condition. The advantage of working with plane stress is that there is one-to-one mapping from the stress to the strain space. Therefore, the fracture criteria formulated in the stress space can be compared with those expressed in the strain space and vice versa. Fracture loci for all seven cases were constructed in the space of the equivalent fracture strain and the stress triaxiality. Interesting observations were made regarding the range of applicability and expected errors of some of the most common fracture criteria. Besides evaluating the applicability of several fracture criteria, a detailed calibration procedure for each criterion is presented in the present paper. It was found rather unexpectedly that the MS stress fracture model closely follows the trend of all tests except the round bar tensile tests. The X–W criterion and the CrachFEM models predict correctly fracture in all types of experiments. The W criterion is working well in certain ranges of the stress triaxiality.     

Plastic limit analyses of circular plates with respect to unified yield criterion

Plastic limit analysis of a circular plate under uniform transverse loading is presented in terms of an unified yield criterion (UYC). Exact and unified solutions of load-carrying capacities, moment fields and velocity fields for simply supported circular plate, clamped circular plate and annular plate in plastic limit state are derived. Moment fields of the three typical circular plates correspond to different distribution fields on the yield curves. Maximum and minimum plastic limit solutions are deduced for the three types of circular plates by selecting the weighted coefficients with upper and lower bound values in the unified yield criterion. Moment fields and velocity fields with respect to the three special criteria, namely the Tresca criterion, the Mises criterion (close-form solution) and the twin shear stress criterion are illustrated and compared. The paper presents an effective analytical method to compute the exact plastic limit solution for circular plates in terms of a piecewise linear yield criterion.     

Fracture limit prediction using ductile fracture criteria for forming of an automotive aluminum sheet

Forming limit curves at neck and at fracture have been experimentally determined, and surfaces of fractured dome specimens have been observed optically and in the SEM, for an automotive AA6111-T4 sheet material. Various continuum ductile fracture criteria from the literature along with the assumptions of power law hardening, Hill’s quadratic yield criterion, and proportionality of stress and strain paths have been utilized for prediction of forming limit curve at fracture and compared with the experimental curve to assess the applicability of the different fracture criteria. The maximum shear stress criterion by Tresca predicts reasonably well the fracture limits of AA6111-T4 sheet material for a range of strain ratios, and is consistent with the microstructural observations. The criterion can be used to predict fracture limit curves from uniaxial tensile data and plane strain limit at fracture. A methodology for incorporating such a ductile fracture criterion into FE simulations of sheet stampings for prediction of fracture is discussed.     

Effect of ductile fracture criteria on chevron crack formation and evolution in drawing

The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanics of ductile fracture in bulk metal forming processes by finite-element analysis and experiments. The author has developed a computer program, based on a conventional computer program involving the finite-element method, by which the behavior of crack propagation after ductile fracture can be analyzed. The phenomenon in which a ‘chevron crack’ appears periodically in the axial direction during drawing has been simulated using the developed computer program. Special attention is focused on the effect of various kinds of ductile fracture criteria on chevron crack formation and evolution during drawing. Results obtained are summarized as follows. First, the analytical results obtained using Gurson's fracture criterion and using Oyane's fracture criterion agree well with the experimental result. Second, the analytical results using Cockcroft and Latham's fracture criterion and using Brozzo et al.'s fracture criterion agree somewhat with the experimental result. Finally, the analytical result obtained using Freudenthal's fracture criterion does not agree with the experimental result.     

经验模态分解停止准则及在故障诊断中的应用

停止准则是决定经验模态分解能否完整准确地提取出信号的内禀模态函数的重要因素之一,文中在总结现有的标准偏差(standard deviation,SD)准则、G.Rilling准则和能量差跟踪法的基础上,提出新的结合G.Rilling准则和能量差跟踪法的停止准则,并对这些准则进行仿真和实测数据的比较验证,试验结果表明,文中提出的停止准则优于SD准则和G.Rilling准则,为故障诊断提供更可靠的依据。     

使用应变模态和遗传算法的有限元模型修正方法

提出了采用应变模态置信度为待修正响应特征的有限元模型修正方法。应变模态置信度是评价有限元仿真与试验测试结果相关性的方法,可以为模型修正提供全局的频率误差信息和局部的应变相关性信息。首先,介绍了应变模态和有限元模型修正的相关理论方法;然后,以某航空加筋壁板结构为对象,通过仿真分析和"仿真试验"获得结构的应变模态频率以及对应的应变振型,进一步计算频率误差和应变模态置信度误差;最后,基于两种误差构造模型修正的目标函数,采用遗传算法对目标函数进行优化,修正结构中的待修正参数,并将修正后参数代入模型,验证所提方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明:所采用的方法获得的修正后有限元模型具有复现修正响应特征的能力,并且对于未修正频段内的响应也具有较好的预测能力。     

板料屈服行为及强化规律的研究进展

研究板料塑性成形的理论基础是屈服准则、强化规律以及本构模型。随着新材料、新工艺的不断出现,温度和应变速率对塑性成形过程中的影响也不容忽视,原有的塑性理论已无法满足研究和工程应用的需求。从板料屈服准则研究、包辛格效应与强化模型研究、屈服强化规律试验方法研究以及涉及应变速率和温度的板料屈服强化研究4个方面阐述板料屈服行为及强化规律的研究进展,指出常用屈服准则的特点和不足,说明各种强化模型中组合强化模型仍然是研究重点。试验方法主要从研究屈服轨迹的双向拉伸试验及确定强化模型参数试验的2个方面进行介绍。此外,指出针对板料在复杂应力状态下应力张量与应变张量之间的涉及应变率和温度的屈服准则和相应的流动准则的本构关系还有待研究。提出随着新材料、新工艺的不断出现,涉及应变速率和温度的屈服准则和强化规律、试验方法以及在有限元模拟中的应用等研究将是未来的研究热点。     

拉/扭复合应力下脆性材料断裂的一般准则

根据脆性材料的正应力断裂准则，提出适用于在拉／扭复合应力下无机玻璃(包含陶瓷)等脆性材料的断裂准则，并利用文献中的试验结果对该准则进行了客观的校验。提出的拉／扭复合应力下结构陶瓷材料的断裂准则，既适用于脆性材料的光滑试件，也适用于具有不同应力集中系数的切口试件或结构件。此外．该准则具有简洁的形式，不合任何经验常数；更重要的是，可以根据抗拉和抗剪强度的概率分布，求得拉／扭复合应力下结构陶瓷材料带存活率的断裂准则。     

不同应力状态下的高强钢板断裂机理及预测

板料成形过程的宏观断裂行为依赖于其微观断裂机理,因此成形过程模拟中的断裂准则的准确选择对于断裂预测具有重要意义。以高强钢TRIP780板料为研究对象,设计从剪切到拉伸应力状态的五种断裂试验,结合宏观拉伸试验和扫描电子显微镜（Scanning electron microscope,SEM）分析研究不同应力状态下TRIP780板料的断裂机理,得到不同应力状态下正应力和切应力与断裂机理的关联关系,引入正应力与切应力的影响构建MMC断裂准则,应用于板料压剪应力区间的断裂行为预测。结果表明,反映断裂机理的MMC准则能适用于板料压剪和拉剪变形应力状态下断裂失效的准确预测。     

Fracture prediction of thin plates under hemi-spherical punch with calibration and experimental verification

The response of thin clamped plates subjected to static punch indentation is investigated experimentally, analytically and numerically to determine the onset of fracture. The accumulated equivalent plastic strain with stress triaxiality as a weighing function is introduced as ductile fracture criterion in the finite-element simulation and analytical prediction. The fracture criterion was calibrated by finite-element simulations of uniaxial tensile tests. Based on the calibration, and calculated distributions and histories of stress and strain, the critical location, and penetration to fracture were predicted within 5–10% accuracy for three punch radii.The plots of force–penetration and locations of fracture initiation in the static punch indentation tests were compared with finite-element simulations and analytical approximations showing good agreement. The transverse deflection profiles of the plates at the point of fracture obtained numerically were shown to agree well with the closed-form solution derived by taking into account a variable stress ratio and varying stress triaxiality. The strain distribution along the plate radius is influenced by the friction between the interfaces of punch and plate. By changing the friction coefficient, the fracture-forming limit diagram was constructed numerically. The present procedure can replace the time-consuming experimental technique in which the strain path is controlled by changing the radius of a cut off.     

金属斜板极限载荷的统一解析解

用统一屈服准则(俞茂宏,1991)对斜板进行塑性极限分析,得到斜板的统一极限载荷解析式。从而得到一系列从单剪屈服准则(特雷斯卡,1864)到三剪屈服准则(米泽斯,1913)再到双剪屈服准则(俞茂宏,1961)的各种斜板的极限载荷,并得到矩形板和菱形板的极限均布载荷p随不同屈服准则的变化曲线,文献中已有的解均为统一解析解的特例。本文得到一系列有规则变化的新的解析解,可以适合于各种拉压强度相同的材料以及从方板、矩形板到不同角度的各种斜形板。它的工程应用可以得到显著的经济效益。     

On-line sintering strength of ceramic composites

The sintering of powder-based ceramic composites is often accompanied by developments of cracks or large pores. As a rule, damage development is active only at early stages of sintering, when junctures between particles are not strong enough. A macroscopic model of sintering, taking into account broken junctures between particles is put forward. A new fracture criterion for the prediction of macroscopic damage is proposed. The model follows both densification and damage development during sintering. Modeling enables the optimization of heating regimes and the geometrical structure of ceramic composites.