A Radar System for Measuring the Wave-Forming Properties of Ships

A measuring system which uses a shore-based radar station and standard computers is considered. It is shown that, using semiexperimental computer modeling, the accuracy of the radar measuring system is quite acceptable for estimating the wave-forming properties of ships.Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 46–48, March, 2005.     

An Aerological Radar as a Means of Measurement

Metrological characteristics are presented for the Briz aerological radar. The physical quantities measured by the station are identified together with the transformation of the data during processing, as well as general aspects of assigning such stations as means of measurement.     

泰州大桥中塔墩防船撞研究

泰州大桥主墩位于航道边缘,可能遭受船舶的撞击。为保护大桥,综合考虑多种因素研究大桥中塔墩防船撞方案。针对泰州大桥三塔悬索桥型,结合通航船舶规划、桥梁参数、桥墩基础特点,开展防撞研究,提出针对性防撞方案,进行防撞特性计算分析,确定防撞方案的技术、经济特性。通过有限元数值仿真技术,研究泰州大桥在船舶撞击下的安全性和防撞方案的有效性。     

Raising the Accuracy of a Panoramic Monopulse Radar

A method is considered for raising the accuracy and noise immunity of a panoramic angular Doppler pulse radar by means of coherent signal processing between periods for frequency modulation unknown a priori. The method gives an algorithm simple to implement and applicable in digital primary processing.     

Experimental research on the critical conditions and critical equation of chip splitting when turning a C45E4 disc workpiece symmetrically with a high-speed steel double-edged turning tool

Chip splitting is a natural chip separation phenomenon that can significantly reduce cutting energy consumption. To reveal its occurrence mechanisms, a method for obtaining its critical conditions through cutting experiments and establishing its critical equation is proposed in this paper. Based on previous research results regarding the relationship between chip removal interference and chip splitting, the control variables that affect chip splitting are identified by analyzing a geometric model of the cutting process. A total of 366 experiments on turning a C45E4 disc workpiece with a high-speed steel double-edged turning tool based on the dichotomy method were conducted and 51 experimental data on chip splitting critical conditions were obtained. According to these experimental data, a critical equation expressed by a finite-degree polynomial with a cutting thickness equal to the other control variables was fitted. By analyzing the critical surface, it was determined that chip splitting followed a law in which the smaller the cutting thickness and the larger the absolute value of the negative rake angle, edge angle, and edge inclination of the tool, the more likely chip splitting was to occur. Through a verification experiment, it was determined that the derived critical equation could accurately predict the occurrence of 95.24% of chip splitting. It was also determined that the occurrence of chip splitting led to a cliff-like drop in the specific total cutting force with a maximum drop of 51.23%. This research lays a foundation for the rational utilization of chip splitting in tool structure parameter design and cutting parameter energy saving optimization.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-021-00378-7     

论民国时期化妆品的包装设计

民国时期政府有关部门根据功能、性质和用途的不同,将化妆品分为水、油、膏、粉四大类.介绍了各类化妆品的包装材质、包装容器造型,对当时-些著名品牌的标贴、商标的设计特点及其所反映的时代风貌进行了分析,以对现代化妆品包装设计提供-定的借鉴.     

民国时期香粉包装盒标贴图样设计探析

民国时期的香粉大多采用纸质包装盒,这些包装盒不仅使用各种彩色的凹凸花纹纸或皱纹纸进行包装装潢,而且标贴图样精美,是当时商业艺术设计领域的精华所在。这一时期的香粉包装盒标贴图样分为人物形象、动植物、几何图形等几大类。通过分析这些标贴图样,能够了解当时商业美术设计的人文思想与时代特征。     

舵片增程的空气动力学仿真研究

研究了增程弹丸气动布局对弹道增程效果的影响,主要是针对弹丸有无舵片以及安装舵片的位置两种情况分析,建立对应的弹体模型,并对其进行气动仿真,得出相应的升力系数和阻力系数,并计算出升阻比,进而判断有无舵片以及舵片的安装位置对弹道增程效果的影响.仿真结果表明:有舵片相对无舵片的弹丸增程效果明显,升阻比最多增加25.17%,最少增加0.49%;舵片安装位置不同,其增程效果也存在明显差异,并且升阻比在距离弹头90 mm时增加最为明显.因此认为在满足全弹气动布局、飞行稳定的基础上,在弹丸适当位置安装舵片并相应改变攻角,可有效增加弹丸射程.     

气泡辅助航行系统降低船模-碎冰相互碰撞的试验研究

通过模型试验探究气泡辅助系统降低船舶与碎冰相互碰撞的机理,依托"雪龙2"号船模设计了气泡辅助航行系统,在哈尔滨工程大学室外冰水池内进行了非冻结模型冰碎冰航道的船模拖航试验。通过机理试验,探究气泡辅助航行系统使用前后船模与浮冰相互作用模式的差异,同时根据船艏、船舯的浮冰清除效果,分析该系统对这两部分浮冰碰撞作用的减轻程度;随后改变试验参数,探究航速、喷气量以及浮冰密集度对该系统工作效果的影响,进一步探究该气泡辅助系统的工作机理。     

数控机床校准周期的合理确定

从具体实际出发,充分分析影响机床最终加工精度的诸多因素,应用田口方法科学合理地确定数控机床的最佳校准周期,保障机床加工过程的质量控制.     

Analysis of the characteristics of a system for digital recording of optical signals based on an array photodetector

An experimental investigation of the characteristics of an optoelectronic digital image recording system based on a charge-coupled photosensitive device is performed. The influence of the operating modes of the system on the statistical characteristics of its two-dimensional output signals is evaluated. A technique for estimating the resolution of the recording system and the measurement error of the displacement of an element of the image by means of optical target rods is developed. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 29–33, April, 2009.     

民国时期商品包装图样与其他图样辨析

民国时期的商品包装图样与商标、产品标贴、年画及广告画共同表现了当时的时代特征与人文思想。它们之间有许多相似之处,但如果从其构图设计、创作风格以及画面内容等多方面仔细辨别,可将其分辨清楚。     

基于神经网络技术的南京长江大桥桥墩船舶撞击力识别

主要研究基于神经网络技术的南京长江大桥桥墩船撞力识别。在建立了南京桥4#桥墩的空间有限元分析模型后,对4#桥墩进行了动力特性分析;基于MATLAB平台建立了“船撞力-响应”神经网络,由沃辛试验船撞力曲线计算得到了船对桥墩的撞击响应并作为神经网络训练的样本。仿真计算结果表明,由桥墩墩顶的响应可有效识别船舶撞击力的大小、方向和撞击位置,该神经网络可用于有、无噪声干扰的船撞力识别,并且具有良好的容错性和鲁棒性。     

民国时期的面包包装

民国时期的面包品牌主要有"沙利文"牌、"飞艇"牌、"ABC"牌等。这些面包的包装一般较为简朴,多使用乳白色食品用油蜡纸和优质薄型牛皮纸为包装材料,包装造型为包装纸或包装袋,其包装图案一改我国传统包装崇尚吉祥文化和同时期商品包装大量使用美女形象的做法,使用艺术化的外文字体及几何图案,成为民国面包包装最为鲜明的时代特征。     

邛崃市某酒店冷热源设计方案比较

根据邛崃市某酒店的能耗计算结果,比较了带热回收主机的系统和无热回收主机的系统。根据比较分析的结果,发现采用无热回收主机的系统为该酒店优选方案。     

Algorithms for the Optimum Estimation of the Parameters of a Radio Signal in a Measurement Time of Less Than a Period and a Nonmultiple of a Period in Which the Result Is Tied to the Beginning of the Measurement Interval

Optimum estimates of the parameters of a noisy (white noise) sinusoidal radio signal of known frequency are considered, based on an investigation of the likelihood function, when the measurement time is less than a period and a nonmultiple of a period. Estimates are presented for the phase shift and the amplitude in the presence (absence) of a constant component and nonlinear distortions when the result is tied to the beginning of the measurement interval.     

Measurement and Identification of the Parameters of SPICE-Models of a Bipolar Transistor

A method of measuring and identifying the static parameters of a bipolar transistor is considered. The characteristic of the transistor, from which the parameters of the model are determined, is chosen depending on what group the calculated parameters belong to. The characteristics are measured in such a way that the equations of the model describing them can be reduced to the simplest form.     

On the electro-osmotic flow in a saturated porous medium

Electro-osmosis in a saturated porous rigid medium is studied by both theoretical and experimental approach. Relationships giving liquid and electrical coupled macroscopic flows are obtained from the homogeneization method. They point out possible non symmetrical cross effects that explain deviations from Onsager reciprocal relations. Experiments on a kaolinite are reported which exhibit an important non symmetrical coupling.     

Modeling of the state of individual parts of a complex biosystem when there are stresses and strains

A method of investigating the stresses in solid and dynamically loaded models, which are prototypes of individual components of a complex biosystem, is proposed. The method enables the experiment to be simplified considerably and considerably reduces the time required. __________ Translated from Metrologiya, No. 1, pp. 29–37, January, 2007.     

Optimization of the underwater structures employed when calibrating hydrophones in a free field

The results of investigations of the distribution of sources of reflections on the bars employed to position hydrophones under water during free-field measurements are analyzed. It is established experimentally that the sources of reflections are formed on parts of the bars where its reflective power changes sharply. It is shown that structures, designed taking into account the mechanism of the distribution of sources of reflection, enable the interference distortions of the acoustic field to be reduced considerably. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 60–63, January, 2007.