SBR处理制浆中段废水活性污泥的培养驯化

采用接种和同步活性污泥培养和驯化方法,使SBR处理制浆中段废水在试验条件下,15d左右可培养驯化成功,微生物的生长状况与活性污泥的状态有密切的关系.污泥培养驯化完成后,对废水COD去除率可达到80%左右.     

活性污泥法的培养驯化及注意事项

随着国家对环境保护的要求越来越高 ,较大的制浆造纸企业陆续建起了污水处理工程。能否把建成的污水处理工程运行好 ,实现达标排放 ,培养驯化活性污泥是最重要一环。我公司于 2 0 0 0年末建成了一套日处理3万吨的污水处理工程 ,处理制浆中段废水 ,主要包括蒸煮、洗选、漂白废水和碱回收的废水。污水处理工艺采用阶段曝气活性污泥法。今年 7月初开始调试 ,通过一个多月培养和驯化细菌 ,活性污泥从无到有 ,并逐渐成熟 ,直至系统正常运转。下面就我公司活性污泥培养驯化中积累的经验作一下介绍。1　活性污泥培养活性污泥的培养和驯化可分为对细…     

厌氧流化床反应器处理啤酒废水中活性污泥的培养与驯化

活性污泥的培养与驯化中,对驯化培养条件进行了研究,试验表明,采用一次培养法接种,接种量为30%体积(按反应器容积比计)的活性污泥和100mL活性炭,将温度控制在37±2℃,进水的pH控制在7.3￣8.0,进水流速控制在使活性炭处于流化状态,不需额外添加营养物质,可在25￣30d左右成功地完成驯化。在此控制的条件下培养出的活性污泥,对废水COD的去除率可达到85%左右,去除效果良好,对减轻生物反应器后续处理单元的负荷具有重要意义。     

AFB反应器处理啤酒废水中活性污泥的培养与驯化

对活性污泥的培养与驯化条件进行了研究。试验表明,采用一次培养法接种,接种量为30％(V)(反应器容积比)的活性污泥和100mL活性炭,将温度控制在37±2℃,进水的pH控制在7．3～8．0,进水流速控制在使活性炭处于流化状态,不需额外添加营养物质,可在25～30天左右成功地完成驯化。在此控制务件下培养出的活性污泥,对废水COD的去除率可达到85％左右,对减轻生物反应器后续处理单元的负荷具有重要意义。     

造纸废水活性污泥驯化过程中微型生物的指示作用

为了研究造纸废水活性污泥驯化培养过程中微型生物的指示作用,试验在采用FAS-Jet射流曝气氧化沟系统处理造纸废水的调试过程中进行。根据微生物的生理特性,通过控制进水的p H值和温度、曝气池内的溶解氧量、N和P的添加量等条件,驯化培养处理造纸废水的活性污泥,同时对驯化培养的不同时期内微型生物的演变规律与生化处理效果之间的相关性进行研究,总结出不同驯化培养阶段及运行出现异常时微型生物的优势种及生长特性。     

脱墨废水可生物处理性研究

本文重点对脱墨废水的特性进行分析。通过生化模型试验，检测其活性污泥的呼吸速率，将时间对氧累计吸收量曲线与内源呼吸线比较，证明用驯化后活性污泥处理一定浓度的脱墨废水，其可生物处理性较好。     

制浆造纸中段水的生化处理

制浆造纸废水是一种较难治理的工业废水。本文以山东某纸业集团有限公司的造纸中段废水为研究对象，采用动态连续试验方法对其废水的生化处理进行了研究。生化处理采用“厌氧活性污泥＋生物接触氧化”工艺，试验分培养、驯化和工艺参数优化三个部分。培养、驯化出了适应该废水的微生物优势菌种为红斑颠虫和钟虫，并分离出了降解木素的优势纯菌种白腐菌。得出了生化处理流程最佳条件。     

物化-生化法处理制浆生化混合废水的工程应用

在物化-生化法处理制浆中段废水的工程调试中，由于制浆中段废水可生化性差，COD的去除效果不是很理想，利用生化厂有机物含量高的酵母废水引入系统中与制浆中段废水混合一起处理，提高了废水的可生化性，缩短了活性污泥的驯化时间，增加了污泥的活性，提高了污水处理效果。     

混凝-生化-混凝组合工艺处理造纸中段废水的研究

以湖南某纸业公司的造纸中段废水为研究对象,采用混凝预处理-活性污泥-混凝组合工艺对该废水进行处理。实验采用专利产品复合型聚合硫酸铁(FPAS)为混凝剂,研究了预处理段和第三段中混凝剂的最佳用量;活性污泥处理实验包括污泥的培养、驯化和系统运行效果考察。采用混凝-活性污泥-混凝组合工艺,可使出水各项指标均达到国家排放标准(GB3544—2008)。     

混凝-生化-混凝组合工艺鸡皮疙瘩处理造纸中段废水的研究

以湖南某纸业公司的造纸中段废水为研究对象,采用混凝预处理-活性污泥-混凝组合工艺对该废水进行处理.实验采用专利产品复合型聚合硫酸铁(FPAS)为混凝剂,研究了预处理段和第三段中混凝剂的最佳用量;活性污泥处理实验包括污泥的培养、驯化和系统运行效果考察.采用混凝-活性污泥-混凝组合工艺,可使出水各项指标均达到国家排放标准( GB3544-2008).     

中低温下IC反应器对OCC废水处理及颗粒污泥特性研究

在运行温度为9～28℃的条件下用葡萄糖废水做基质启动IC反应器,实现厌氧颗粒污泥的快速培养,然后通过＂人工配水＋OCC造纸废水＂的进水方式,逐步提高造纸废水的配比,驯化颗粒污泥,并研究了IC反应器内颗粒污泥处理降解OCC废水的特性。结果表明：在驯化阶段,控制HRT=8h不变,反应器的污泥量发生变化,SS由8.57g/L减少到7.84g/L,VSS由7.02g/L增加到7.18g/L,VSS/SS由81.9%变为91.6%。在稳定运行阶段,通过改变HRT来调节容积负荷,运行结束时,HRT减少到4.8h,COD的去除率最终能稳定到75%以上,对OCC废水有较好的处理效果。颗粒污泥长势良好,0.3～1.5mm中间粒径的颗粒污泥达到56.73%,极大粒径1.5～2.45mm的颗粒污泥占到7.07%。     

Enhanced microbial adaptation to p-nitrophenol using activated sludge retained in porous carrier particles and simultaneous removal of nitrite released from degradation of p-nitrophenol

In order to examine the microbial degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) by a mixed culture system and simultaneous removal of nitrite released via the degradation, an activated sludge retained in porous carrier particles and a suspension culture as a control were acclimated to artificial sewage containing PNP as the sole carbon source. The adaptation of microbes retained in porous carrier particles to PNP was faster than that of suspended microbes by more than 20 d. After microbial adaptation to PNP, it was degraded completely without significant accumulation of intermediate metabolites. The PNP degradation activity of the retained microbes was more than 2 times higher than that of the suspended microbes. By increasing the retained microbial concentration, nitrite released from the degraded PNP was removed by denitrification. This research demonstrates that using microbes retained in porous carrier particles is not only effective for reduction of acclimation time but also enables simultaneous removal of the nitrogen compounds resulting from the degradation of nitroaromatics.     

Effect of inoculum conditioning on hydrogen fermentation and pH effect on bacterial community relevant to hydrogen production

The effect of conditioning for a variety of inoculums on fermentative hydrogen production was investigated. In addition, the effects of pH condition on hydrogen fermentation and bacterial community were investigated. The effect of conditioning on hydrogen production was different depending on the inoculum types. An appreciable hydrogen production was shown with anaerobic digested sludge and lake sediment without conditioning, however, no hydrogen was produced when refuse compost and kiwi grove soil were used as inoculums without conditioning. The highest hydrogen production was obtained with heat-conditioned anaerobic digested sludge, almost the same production was also obtained with unconditioned digested sludge. The pH condition considerably affected hydrogen fermentation, hydrogen gas was efficiently produced with unconditioned anaerobic sludge when the pH was controlled at 6.0 throughout the culture period and not when only the initial pH was adjusted to 6.0 and 7.0. Hydrogen production decreased when the culture pH was only adjusted at the beginning of each batch in continuous batch culture, and additionally, bacterial community varied with the change in hydrogen production. It was suggested that Clostridium and Coprothermobacter species played important role in hydrogen fermentation, and Lactobacillus species had an adverse effect on hydrogen production.     

混合菌群降解稻草和污泥转化乙醇的研究

利用不同的混合菌群降解稻草和污泥转化乙醇。在初始pH值为7、降解温度为37 ℃的条件下,利用2 mL绿色木霉、1 mL短小芽孢杆菌和2 mL酿酒酵母降解1 g NaOH预处理稻草和10 g NaOH预处理污泥48 h,得到的乙醇产量为83.94 mg/L;在初始pH值为6、降解温度为37 ℃的条件下,利用3 mL绿色木霉、2 mL短小芽孢杆菌、3 mL酿酒酵母和2 mL树干毕赤酵母降解1 g NaOH预处理稻草和10 g NaOH预处理污泥48 h,得到的乙醇产量为49.29 mg/L。结果表明,绿色木霉、短小芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母混合菌群能更有效地降解稻草和污泥转化乙醇。     

常压鼓风干燥法制备直投式纳豆菌剂工艺

建立采用常压鼓风干燥法制备直投式纳豆菌剂的工艺。通过优化直投式纳豆菌剂的制备条件,得到其最佳制备工艺,并测定该菌剂的发酵性能和贮藏稳定性。结果表明,直投式纳豆菌剂的最佳制备工艺为:复合干燥保护剂为11.07%脱脂乳粉、6.41%谷氨酸钠和14.76%柠檬酸钠;纳豆菌菌泥与复合保护剂的混合条件为:菌泥与复合保护剂的混合比例(g/mL)1:7、复合保护剂的pH为6.0、菌泥与复合保护剂的平衡时间35 min;纳豆菌的载体基质为碎米粉,菌悬液与碎米粉的混合比例(mL/g)为1:2;菌剂的干燥条件为50℃干燥9 h,在此条件下制备出的纳豆菌剂活菌率达82.66%,含菌量为7.93×1010 cfu/g,该菌剂发酵性能和贮藏稳定性较好,在4℃或-20℃条件下贮藏180 d后活菌数及发酵活力无明显变化。故采用常压鼓风干燥法制成的直投式纳豆菌剂符合市售纳豆菌剂的标准要求,可推广至工业生产中,简化生产过程。     

好氧反硝化菌的分离及脱氮特性研究

研究了从活性污泥中分离得到好氧反硝化细菌106及其反硝化能力,探讨了培养基碳源、CODCr/N、培养温度及pH对菌株106反硝化作用的影响。结果表明,菌株106能在好氧条件下有效去除培养基中的硝基氮,且其脱氮率达90%以上。其最适培养条件为30℃、摇床转速160r/min、初始pH7.0,分别以琥珀酸钠和硝酸钾为唯一碳源和氮源时,最适CODCr/N为26。该菌在溶解氧为6.0±1.0mg.L-1条件下,培养24h时对NO-3-N的去除率为99.17%。该反硝化细菌106可以在好氧条件下第1d内完成脱氮,具备高效的反硝化性能,且在整个反硝化过程中一直保持低水平的亚硝酸盐浓度。     

草浆中段废水厌氧污泥的培养

分析了UASB反应器中颗粒污泥的性质,通过UASB反应器处理经过浓硫酸沉淀过的草浆中段废水培养颗粒污泥的试验,进一步说明了颗粒污泥的形成过程,并讨论了形成的影响因素.     

施加堆肥后土壤中重金属形态变化研究——造纸污泥堆肥农用的重金属污染研究之二

重金属形态研究是评价重金属污染风险度的方法之一。本研究测试分析了添加堆肥前后和种植作物前后土壤重金属的5种形态。结果表明:添加污泥堆肥前后的土壤中Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb主要以残渣态形式存在,Zn主要以Fe-Mn氧化态形式存在,这两种形态的重金属的生物有效性都很小,而Cd主要以可交换态和碳酸结合态存在,生物有效性较大;添加堆肥后土壤的重金属生物有效性有所降低,当在添加堆肥的土壤上种植作物后,土壤中重金属的生物有效性将进一步降低。     

造纸污泥半干化脱水试验研究

为了满足环保要求与节约成本,造纸污泥在最终处置前的深度脱水是非常重要的。在本研究中,首先用半干化带式压榨机对草浆制浆沉淀污泥和生化污泥进行了脱水试验,结果表明,生化污泥的可压缩性低于草浆制浆沉淀污泥的,同时分析并解决了脱水设备运行过程中出现的一些问题。草浆制浆沉淀污泥和脱墨污泥的进一步中试脱水试验表明,随着污泥处理量增加,出料干度与脱水率降低,这两种污泥干度均达到50%以上。另外,对生化污泥的半干化脱水技术进行了展望,希望该文能为造纸污泥的深度脱水提供参考。     

Start-up, microbial community analysis and formation of aerobic granules in a tert-butyl alcohol degrading sequencing batch reactor

We demonstrate that compact well-settling aerobic granules can be developed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the biological removal of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) using a strategy involving step increases in TBA loading rate achieved through increasing TBA concentrations in the influent. A moderate selection pressure that included a cycle time of 24 h and a start-of-cycle TBA concentration of 100 mg/L was initially introduced to encourage the growth and retention of biomass and avoid biomass loss from hydraulic washout. Start-of-cycle TBA concentrations were increased to 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg/L on days 90, 100, 121, and 199, respectively. These increases were only introduced after complete TBA removal was accompanied by visible improvements in biomass concentration and biomass settling ability. This acclimation strategy produced incrementally higher biomass concentrations and better settling biomass with higher specific TBA biodegradation rates. Effluent TBA concentrations were consistently below the detection limit of 25 microg/L. Aerobic granules were first observed about 180 days after reactor start-up. The granules had a clearly defined shape and appearance, settled significantly faster than the suspended sludge in the reactor, and eventually became the dominant form of biomass in the reactor. The adapted granules were capable of complete TBA removal and contained a stable microbial population with a low diversity of sequences of community 16S rRNA gene fragments. This study indicates that it is possible to use aerobic granules for TBA remediation and will contribute to a better understanding of how microbial acclimation can be exploited in the SBR to biologically remove recalcitrant xenobiotics.