合金元素对高强管线钢埋弧焊缝组织性能的影响

通过对X80管线钢进行埋弧焊接试验,分析了合金元素Mn、Ni对高强度管线钢埋弧焊缝的显微组织和力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,当Mn元素含量过高时,焊缝金属的冷裂纹敏感指数提高,细化原奥氏体晶粒尺寸,对针状铁素体形核不利湘比较而言,Ni元素对焊缝的冷裂纹敏感指数影响较小,且使焊缝金属易于产生交滑移,更易保证焊缝针状铁素体含量,从而提高焊缝金属的韧性;另外,随着Mn、Ni元素含量的增加,焊缝金属中先共析铁素体受到抑制.     

960 MPa高强钢金属粉芯型药芯焊丝焊缝金属韧化机理

针对960 MPa高强钢研制了以Mn,Ni,Mo和Cr元素为主要合金体系,以Ti,B,Nb和Al元素为微合金元素的金属粉芯型药芯焊丝. 采用熔化极气体保护焊进行施焊,通过拉伸试验和低温冲击试验等方法对接头力学性能进行了测试,结合金相组织观察、断口扫描、能谱分析和透射电镜观察等对合金元素的作用机理进行了分析. 结果表明,接头抗拉强度平均值为952.24 MPa,-20 ℃焊缝低温冲击吸收功平均值为70 J,研制的焊丝在保证接头强度的同时有效改善了焊缝金属的低温冲击吸收功. 在药芯成分中,主要合金元素起固溶强化和弥散强化作用,微合金元素通过细化晶粒、抑制块状铁素体析出和增加针状铁素体形核率等方式改善低温冲击性能.     

X80管线钢埋弧焊用烧结焊剂的研制

从高强度低合金钢(HSLA)焊缝熔敷金属中的针状铁素体形核机理出发,确定以CaF2-MgO-Al2O3-MnO-TiO2-B2O3氟碱性渣系进行高强韧性埋弧焊烧结焊剂设计.结果表明,焊剂中添加MnO有利于焊缝中Mn元素的过渡,降低?→?温度,从而抑制高温铁素体的生成而对焊缝中针状铁素体的形成有利.由于焊缝金属裂纹敏感指数(Pcm)较高,焊后空冷奥氏体晶粒较细,过量添加MnO,将会导致焊缝中Mn元素过高而细化奥氏体晶粒,使得奥氏体晶界增加.进一步冷却,贝氏体形核质点增加,因而对晶内形核的针状铁素体不利.稀土元素对提高焊缝金属中针状铁素体含量有一定的促进作用.     

550 MPa级焊缝金属冲击韧性研究

采用冲击试验研究了-40～20℃温度范围内550MPa级手工焊条电弧焊焊缝金属冲击韧性,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜表征了焊缝金属的显微组织与断口形貌.结果表明,焊缝金属显微组织由先共析铁素体和针状铁索体构成.焊缝金属冲击功随着测试温度的降低而减小,冲击断口中塑性区域所占面积也相应减少.添加Ni、Mo元素,降低Mn、Si含量的焊缝金属在所测试温度范围内具有更高的冲击韧性.     

Al元素对高强钢药芯焊丝焊缝金属组织和性能的影响

采用自行研制的高强钢药芯焊丝焊接Q960钢,通过改变药芯成分中Al元素的含量获得了含有不同Al元素的焊缝金属。利用拉伸试验、不同温度下冲击试验对焊缝金属的强度和韧性进行了测试;结合金相组织、扫描电镜观察等手段分析了Al元素对焊缝金属组织和性能的影响机理。结果表明:焊缝金属中Al元素含量的变化对接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率影响不大,但对焊缝金属冲击吸收能量影响较大。随着Al元素含量的增加,冲击吸收能量呈现先增大后降低的趋势。当Al元素含量较低时,易生成Al_2O_3氧化物,针状铁素体易形核和长大,有利于提高焊缝金属冲击吸收能量;当Al元素含量较高时,易生成Al N氮化物,同时组织中存在着δ-铁素体组织,造成焊缝金属冲击能量降低。     

铜对高强度低合金钢焊缝金属韧性的影响

采用埋弧焊方法,通过改变焊丝铜含量来改变焊缝金属中的铜含量,研究铜对高强度低合金钢焊缝金属韧性的影响.结果表明,随铜含量增加,焊缝金属上平台冲击功呈下降趋势;-40℃及更低温度条件下,焊缝金属铜含量为0.358%时,其低温韧性最好.组织分析结果显示,焊缝金属的组织主要由先共析铁素体、粒状贝氏体以及针状铁素体组成.随铜含量变化,针状铁素体的生成量明显不同,当焊缝金属中铜含量为0.358%时,最有利于形成针状铁素体.     

Mn、Ni、Mo含量对K65热煨弯管焊缝组织转变和低温韧性的影响

以Mn-Ni-Mo为主要合金体系,研制了K65热煨弯管用高强高韧埋弧焊丝。采用该焊丝制得的直缝管焊缝金属抗拉强度达741~768 MPa,显微硬度为231~250 HV10,-40℃冲击功为90~185 J;直缝管焊缝经热处理后,-40℃冲击功为65~124 J,比直缝管焊缝出现较大幅度下降。利用OM、Le Pera、SEM(EBSD)及TEM观察焊缝组织,研究焊缝中Mn、Ni、Mo含量对K65热煨弯管组织转变和低温韧性的影响。结果表明:直缝管焊缝中Mn、Ni含量的增加会促进针状铁素体的形成,适当增加Mo含量,降低Mn、Ni含量能使焊缝达到最佳强韧性能;经过热处理后,焊缝中针状铁素体含量降低,上贝氏体含量增加,大尺寸沿晶分布的渗碳体是焊缝金属低温韧性下降的原因,但Mo含量为0.2%时仍能保证大角度晶界比例达67.1%,使焊缝金属的-40℃低温韧性达124 J。     

一种核电核岛主设备用镍基焊丝的研制

通过试验分析了核电核岛主设备用镍基焊丝中各元素对焊丝和焊缝熔敷金属性能的影响.结果表明,随着焊丝中Al,Ti,Mn,Nb元素含量的增加,焊丝的强度、硬度及焊缝金属的抗拉强度增加;随着焊丝中Al,Ti,Nb元素含量的增加,室温焊缝熔敷金属的冲击吸收功增加;随着焊丝中Mn元素含量的增加,焊缝熔敷金属的冲击吸收功降低.通过调整焊丝成分得到了符合核电核岛主设备使用要求的焊缝熔敷金属.     

Mn/Ni/Mo配比对K65管线钢焊缝金属组织与力学性能的影响

以Mn-Ni-Mo-Ti-B为主要合金系,研制出适用于低温服役环境下的高强高韧管线钢埋弧焊丝,并应用于30.8 mm厚K65管线钢现场焊接实验.结果表明,焊缝金属屈服强度达到583~689 MPa,抗拉强度达到714~768 MPa,-40℃冲击功均在90 J以上,焊缝具有优异的强韧性匹配.焊丝直径为4.0 mm,适用于四丝双面埋弧焊,效率高,且热影响区(HAZ)低温韧性优异(-40℃冲击功100 J).采用OM,TEM和Le Pera方法对焊缝金属组织的观察表明,焊缝组织主要为精细的针状铁素体、少量的先共析晶界铁素体、侧板条铁素体和弥散分布的细小马氏体/奥氏体(M/A)岛状颗粒.焊缝金属中0.2%Mo可以有效抑制先共析晶界铁素体及侧板条铁素体的生成,晶粒细化作用显著.Mn和Ni的适量增加会促进针状铁素体的形成,显著提高焊缝金属低温韧性.但Mn,Ni配比不当而超过某个范围时将会导致马氏体或其它低温相变产物形成,削弱低温韧性.当K65焊缝金属中含(1.5%~2.0%)Mn,(0.9%~1.2%)Ni,(0.2%~0.25%)Mo时,可以使其具有高强度的同时低温冲击韧性优异,且在Mn与Ni配比含量不越过马氏体形成线(Ms线)的前提下,可以采用加Mn减Ni的方法配比其合金含量.     

热输入对电力结构用Q460钢焊缝金属组织及冲击性能的影响

采用熔化极气体保护焊对电力结构用Q460钢进行不同热输入的对接焊试验。利用金相显微镜、透射电镜和电子背散射衍射技术研究热输入对焊缝组织及冲击性能的影响。结果表明:3种热输入焊缝金属组织均为先共析铁素体、侧板条铁素体和针状铁素体及M-A组元。随着热输入的增加,焊缝组织中板条粗化,而先共析铁素体和侧板条铁素体增多,针状铁素体减少,M-A组元尺寸增大;焊缝金属中大角度晶界含量逐渐减少分别为0.54、0.40和0.37。尺寸较大的M-A组元及大角度晶界密度的降低是导致焊缝金属冲击吸收能量逐渐降低的主要原因。     

Induction brazing – old process with potential innovations

The practical strength of line pipe steel has extended to X80 or greater. The line pipes of X80 grade have been commercialised successfully and now the development and evaluation of X100 and X120 grade line pipes are being conducted.

The effect of boron addition on the toughness and microstructure of seam weld metal was investigated in tensile strength range from 700 to 1100 MPa. Two types of weld metal were employed in this study. Type A weld metal was produced by boron added flux. The boron content in type A weld metal was around 30 ppm. Type B weld metal was produced by boron free flux. The boron content in type B weld metal was 15 ppm or less. In a tensile strength range less than 800 MPa, type B weld metal had lower absorbed energy than type A because of grain boundary ferrite formation. In a tensile strength range of 800 MPa or more, type B weld metal had greater absorbed energy than type A. In this tensile strength range, some of the acicular ferrite is replaced with bainite or bainite/martensite and the absorbed energy decreases with increase of tensile strength. And the type B weld metal had more amounts of acicular ferrite and greater absorbed energy than type A in this tensile strength range.     

X90管线钢管埋弧焊缝组织与性能分析

X90管线钢管是目前正在研究开发的一种新型高强度管线钢管. 随着管材强度的提高,焊缝的组织与性能成为研究与控制的关键. 文中对焊缝、热影响区(HAZ)和母材微观组织、晶粒取向、大/小角度晶界占比及冲击断口形貌等进行了分析研究. 结果表明,焊缝试样近断口区组织为针状铁素体(AF)+准多边形铁素体(QPF),M-A组元呈楔形、块状和条带状,分布于相界处,尺寸较大,长1.8 μm,宽0.5 μm,组织有效平均晶粒尺寸为3.12 μm,大角度晶界比例为67.15%;而HAZ试样近断口区组织为粒状贝氏体(GB)+多形态M-A组元,晶粒粗大,M-A组元多以条带状、楔形分布于晶界和晶内,组织有效平均晶粒尺寸为4.52 μm,大角度晶界比例为85.95%. 母材试样近断口区组织是以细小AF+QPF+板条贝氏体(LB)+少量M-A组元为主的多相匹配的复相组织,M-A组元尺寸细小,组织有效平均晶粒尺寸为2.1 μm,大角度晶界比例为93.75%.密集分布的大尺寸M-A组元和大角晶界占比较小是导致焊缝冲击韧性低于母材的重要原因.     

Effect of Ti on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MAG multipass weld metal

Metal active gas (MAG)welding has been carried out on microalloy controlled rolling steel (S355J2W)by two kinds of welding wires with different Ti content.The mechanical tests have been carried out on the welded joint.The optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM)observations have been performed to investigate the effect of microalloy element Ti on the microstructure of weld metal and impact fracture,respectively.The microstructure of the MAG multipass weld metal includes the columnar grain zone (CGZ)consisting of primary ferrite (PF),ferrite with second phase (FS)and acicular ferrite (AF),and the fine grain zone (FGZ)consisting of polygonal ferrite due to the heat effect of subsequent welding pass.It has been found that the small amount of Ti can significantly increase the impact energy of the weld metal at low temperature and weakly affect tensile strength of welded joint.By adding small amount of Ti,the inclusions have changed from Mn-Si-O inclusions to Ti-bearing inclusions,which causes the Mn-depleted zones (MDZs)much larger and is beneficial to the impact energy by promoting the AF formation,refining the PF and pinning the austenite grain boundary during the subsequent transformation process.     

Inclusion behavior and microstructure of weld metal with Ce in twin wire high heat input submerged-arc welding

In this study,the welding thermal cycle curve exhibited two temperature peaks in high heat-input twin-wire separate-pool submerged-arc welding and coarse-grained heat affected zone existed in the welded joint. The inclusions of primary weld metal and coarse-grained heat affected zone of Ce-added SAW should be Al_2O_3,MnO,SiO_2,TiO,Ce_2S_3,CeS,Ce_2O_2S and Ce_2O_3. Under the effect of welding thermal cycle,oxy-sulfides inclusions of Ce,the diameter of which was less than 2. 0 μm,slightly grew larger,but the composition and type of the inclusions didn't change. The microstructure of the large heat input weld metal had acicular ferrite that Ce oxide sulphide particles induced nucleation and proeutectoid ferrite. In the coarse-grained heat affected zone of weld metal,home-position precipitation of acicular ferrite and sympathetic acicular ferrite were both observed. It was supposed that previous crystal cells of acicular ferrite in austenite grain promoted home-position precipitation of acicular ferrite. Meanwhile,sympathetic acicular ferrite tended to nucleate at the primary acicular ferrite grain boundaries,where high dislocation density was located,and grew inside the neighboring carbon-depleted austenitic regions. The granular bainite nucleated in the austenitic zone with high carbon content close to acicular ferrite and sympathetic acicular ferrite.     

微合金元素镍和铌对金属粉芯焊丝焊接接头性能的影响

在自行研制的高强钢金属粉芯焊丝的基础上,通过拉伸试验、冲击试验等方法分别研究了微合金元素镍和铌对高强钢焊接接头力学性能的影响,并结合金相分析、扫描电镜分析、化学成分分析等方法从组织和成分的角度对两种微量合金元素的影响机理进行了合理的解释。结果表明,微合金元素镍具有增加焊缝组织中贝氏体和马氏体组织含量从而提高焊接接头强度的作用,并能促进针状铁素体形成而改善接头低温冲击韧性;微合金元素铌同样具有促进焊缝组织形成针状铁素体作用,同时通过细化晶粒和沉淀强化提高接头的抗拉强度。     

大线能量焊接EH36船板钢FCB焊接接头组织与性能

对工业化试制的32 mm厚大线能量船板钢EH36进行热输入为228 k J/cm的FCB法焊接试验,并研究了焊接接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明:焊接热影响区的过热粗晶区原奥氏体晶粒尺寸达到300~500μm,组织主要由少量晶界铁素体和晶内形核铁素体(约60%~80%)组成,是该区焊接时峰值温度达到δ相转变温度以上并停留较长时间造成的,并给出δ相转变温度及奥氏体晶粒尺寸与峰值温度之间的关系;粗晶区由15~30μm的多边形铁素体与3~10μm的针状铁素体(10%~20%)构成;细晶区包含10~20μm的多边形铁素体和小于等于10μm的珠光体;临界区表现为混晶组织。焊接接头热影响区的冲击功A_(kv)≥100 J(-20℃),拉伸试样断裂于母材,接头性能满足要求。     

BWELDY960Q钢振动焊接焊缝组织与低温冲击韧性

采用MAG焊接工艺方法焊接低合金高强度钢BWELDY960Q的过程中施加机械振动,研究振动焊接对焊缝组织及焊缝低温冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,在焊接过程中施加机械振动,可以促进焊缝中AF的形成,使得AF的数量增加.振动焊接还可以改善焊缝的低温冲击韧性,与无振动焊缝低温冲击韧性相比较,焊缝冲击吸收功的上平台值提高7.88%,韧脆转变温度也略有降低.随着温度不断地降低,焊缝低温冲击断口的表面从凹凸不平变得比较平整,断口纤维区比例不断地缩小,放射区比例有所增加,断口的微观形貌由韧窝花样变成准解理河流花样.     

X80管线钢气体保护焊用焊丝的研制

对所研制的焊丝进行了气体保护焊试验,测试了焊缝金属的化学成分、金相组织、冲击韧度、强度、硬度和接头的抗拉强度.金相组织主要为针状铁素体、少量的先共析铁素体和粒状贝氏体,用扫描电镜分析了冲击断口的形貌和夹杂物的组成,用透射电镜分析了焊缝金属的微观结构.结果表明,在焊丝中加入微量的Ti-B,可以有效地抑制先共析铁素体的形成,使焊缝获得细小、均匀的针状铁素体组织.焊缝中合金元素形成了弥散分布的细小夹杂物,成为了针状铁素体(AF)的形核质点.针状铁素体内有许多位错团,可以有效地阻止裂纹的扩展,提高冲击韧度.     

X80管线钢及其接头的低温韧性和显微组织

分别利用示波冲击韧性试验、硬度试验和光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了X80管线钢及其焊管接头的力学性能和显微组织。试验结果表明，X80钢及其焊管接头具有良好的韧性，其中焊缝的韧性最高，焊接热影响区粗晶区因受焊接热效应引起晶粒粗化和形成脆性组织，故韧性最低。试验钢由针状铁素体和少量块状铁素体组成，焊缝为典型的针状铁素体组织，焊接热影响区粗晶区以粒状贝氏体为主。焊接热影响区熔合线附近的硬度值最高，越远离熔合线硬度值越低，并逐渐接近母材的硬度值。     

Effect of Trace Element on Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of Weld Metal

The microstructure and fracture toughness of weld metal under Ti-free and Ti-containing different fluxes were investigated in this study.It was found that the trace element Ti of flux in submerged arc welding produced significant influence on the fracture toughness.The addition of 60 ppm Ti induced the sharp increase in J_(0.2) value from 232.78 to 364.08 kJ/m~2.Microstructure characterization revealed that a large number of oxide inclusions prompted the nucleation of acicular ferrites and refined grains,which improved the fracture toughness of Ti-containing weld metal greatly.Moreover,the crack propagation path was more tortuous and bifurcated due to the small amount of carbide precipitations along grain boundaries and blocky martensite-austenite islands for Ti-containing weld metal.Meanwhile,the large-angle grain boundaries caused crack deflection and increased the resistance of crack propagation compared to Ti-free weld metal.