激光熔覆原位合成陶瓷相增强铁基熔覆层的组织和性能

利用6 kW光纤激光器在Cr12MoV汽车模具钢表面激光熔覆含有Ti-Fe,B₄C粉末的铁基合金粉,在汽车模具钢表面直接原位合成TiC+TiB₂颗粒增强的铁基合金复合涂层.涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层组织细小,结构致密,宏观质量较好. XRD分析结果表明,涂层组织由α-Fe,TiC,TiB₂组成. TiC,TiB₂相均匀分布于熔覆层中.由于TiC,TiB₂硬质相的形成以及激光的快速凝固冷却获得的细晶组织,使得熔覆层的显微维氏硬度有了明显提高.在距离熔覆层表面1.2 mm处显微维氏硬度高达1000 HV,有利于促进熔覆层耐磨性的提高.     

纯铜表面氩弧熔覆TiB2/Ni复合涂层组织及耐磨性能

通过氩弧熔覆技术在纯铜表面制备TiB₂增强 Ni 基复合涂层,以改善其耐磨性能. 将钛粉、硼粉和镍粉在球磨机中充分混合,采用氩弧熔覆技术将纯铜表面预置粉末熔化制备出陶瓷颗粒增强镍基熔覆层. 采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析涂层的物相及涂层中陶瓷颗粒相的组成、分布及结构,利用显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能. 结果表明,熔覆层物相主要包括γ(Ni, Cu)和TiB₂;陶瓷颗粒增强相弥散分布于熔覆层中,其中颗粒相TiB₂以六边形存在,熔覆层内部与基体界面处均无缺陷产生;熔覆涂层具有较高的显微硬度,当(Ti+B)质量分数为10%时,涂层显微硬度高达781.3 HV,与纯铜基体对比,熔覆层显微硬度提高约11.7倍;在相同磨损条件下,随(Ti+B)质量分数的增加,熔覆涂层的摩擦系数及磨损失重先减小后增大;氩弧熔覆原位自生TiB₂陶瓷颗粒增强镍基熔覆层可显著提高纯铜表面的耐磨性能.     

氩弧熔覆原位合成TiC-TiB2复合抗氧化涂层

为了提高石墨电极的高温抗氧化性能,以钛粉和B₄C粉为原料,采用氩弧熔覆技术在石墨电极表面原位反应合成TiC-TiB₂复合涂层. 利用X射线衍射分析、蔡司电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对涂层的组织形貌和物相组成进行了分析,利用间歇法测试了TiC-TiB₂复合涂层的高温抗氧化性能. 结果表明,熔覆层由花瓣状的TiC颗粒和棒状的TiB₂颗粒组成,熔覆层与石墨基体热匹配性好,表面无裂纹和气孔等缺陷,且熔覆层具有良好的抗高温氧化性能,1 300℃高温氧化6 h,氧化增重率为0.546 mg/mm2·h-1.     

激光熔覆原位生长TiB2/TiC增强铁基涂层组织及性能

目的 采用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面制备原位生长的TiB₂、TiC陶瓷相,以提高铁基涂层的耐磨性能。方法 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)研究铁基复合涂层的相组织、显微组织。使用显微硬度计、磨损实验机等仪器进行显微硬度和耐磨性的测试。结果 在铁基粉末中添加Ti、B₄C后,涂层原位生长出均匀分布的TiB₂、TiC陶瓷相,其数量随着(Ti+B₄C)添加量的增加而增多。经过扫描电镜结合EDS判定TiB₂多呈矩形形貌,TiC呈球形或花瓣状。在原位生长过程中,TiB₂优先形成,而TiC多依附在TiB₂周围,以颗粒状存在。铁基复合涂层的显微硬度随着(Ti+B₄C)添加量的增加逐级增加,质量分数为30%的(Ti+B₄C)复合涂层的硬度最高(1 086HV0.2),比铁基涂层(611HV0.2)的硬度提高了约0.78倍。复合涂层的磨损性能得到明显改善,其中质量分数为...     

原位自生ZrC-ZrB2/铁基氩弧熔覆层

将锆粉、B₄C粉和铁粉预涂在Q235钢表面,利用氩弧熔覆技术成功制备出原位自生ZrC-ZrB₂颗粒增强的铁基复合涂层,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪分析了熔覆层的显微组织,探讨了增强相ZrC-ZrB₂的生长机制,并测试了熔覆层的硬度和室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能.结果表明,熔覆层由呈针状或棒状分布的ZrCZrB₂复合体和块状或花瓣状的ZrC颗粒组成,增强相的微观形貌与其形核和周围环境密切相关,熔覆层与基体呈良好的冶金结合;熔覆层的维氏硬度可达1 200 MPa,耐磨性为基体的20倍.     

Ti6Al4V合金表面氩弧熔覆原位合成TiC-TiB2增强钛基复合涂层组织与耐磨性

以B4C和Ni60A粉末为预涂材料,采用氩弧熔覆技术,在Ti6Al4V合金表面原位合成TiC与TiB₂增强相增强钛基复合材料涂层.运用XRD,SEM等分析手段研究了复合涂层的显微组织,利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度并用磨损试验机分析了其在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能.结果表明,熔覆层组织主要由TiC和TiB₂组成,TiC颗粒和TiB₂颗粒弥散分布在基体上,TiC颗粒的尺寸为2~3μm,而呈长条状的TiB₂颗粒尺寸为3~5μm.显微硬度和耐磨性测试结果表明,该复合涂层显微维氏硬度高达1200MPa左右,复合涂层的耐磨性能比Ti6Al4V基体提高约20倍.     

氩弧熔覆钢表面WC/NiCo硬质覆层的组织与性能

以碳化钨粉、镍粉、钴粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢基体表面制备了WC质量分数分别为65％,70％,75％的WC/NiCo硬质覆层.用金相显微镜对覆层的显微组织和界面组织进行了分析,用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试了覆层显微硬度和相对耐磨性.结果表明:氩弧熔覆的WC/NiCo覆层主要由WC硬质相、NiCo粘结相组...     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆Ni60+Cu/Mo涂层的显微组织和性能

在TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆Ni60A、Ni60CuMo复合粉末,研究Cu和Mo元素对熔覆层显微组织、硬度及耐磨性的影响。结果表明,在相同激光熔覆工艺参数下,Ni60CuMo熔覆层中除含有Ni60A熔覆层所含有的Ti₂Ni、TiNi、TiB₂和TiC相外,还含有Cu_0.81Ni_0.19、Ti₂Cu、MoSi₂等硬质相。在硬质相的作用下,Ni60CuMo熔覆层的显微硬度平均值(HV_0.1)为826,是Ni60A熔覆层硬度的1.2倍。在相同条件下,Ni60CuMo熔覆层的磨损率为3.30×10^-6 mm³/(N·m),约为Ni60A熔覆层磨损率的16.42%,是TC4钛合金基体磨损率的4.23%。添加Cu和Mo能显著提升TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆层的耐磨性。     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆复合涂层的组织和耐磨性

采用5 kW横流CO₂激光器,在TC4钛合金表面熔覆TiC、TiB₂与Ni的混合粉末,制备了无气孔、无裂纹、组织均匀致密的复合涂层。用SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计以及立式万能摩擦磨损试验机分析了激光熔覆层的显微组织、成分和物相,测试了激光熔覆层横截面显微硬度,以及覆层耐磨性能。结果表明,激光熔覆复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合;熔覆层组织从表层到结合区呈现出由棒状、块状向树枝状、颗粒状转变的趋势,且主要由Ti、TiC、TiB、Ti₂Ni、TiNi等相组成;熔覆层显微硬度最高可达863 HV0.2,为基体的2.5倍;熔覆层耐磨性能较TC4钛合金明显提高。     

氩弧熔覆Fe基复合涂层的组织与性能

利用氩弧熔覆技术,以Ti粉、C粉、Fe粉为原料在Q235钢基体表面上原位合成高硬度复合涂层.采用金相显微镜观察分析涂层显微组织,利用洛氏硬度仪测试熔覆层的硬度.结果表明:熔覆层组织由树枝晶、等轴晶组成,TiC主要分布于晶粒内和晶界处,涂层显微硬度随TiC含量的增加而增大.     

Effects of TiB2+TiC content on microstructure and wear resistance of Ni55-based composite coatings produced by plasma cladding

TiB₂-TiC reinforced Ni55 matrix composite coatings were in-situ fabricated via plasma cladding on steels using Ti, B₄C, and Ni55 as precursor materials at different proportions. Effects of TiB₂+TiC content of ceramics phase on the microstructure and wear resistance were studied. The results showed that ceramic phases TiB₂ and TiC were in-situ synthesized by plasma cladding, and the ceramic phase content significantly affected tribological performance and the wear mechanism of coatings under different loads. The composite ceramics protected coatings from further delamination wear by crack-resistance under a load of 30 N. Severe abrasive wear and adhesive wear were prevented when the load increased to 60 N because of the high hardness and strength of ceramic phases. Moreover, a compacted layer appeared on the wear surface of coatings with high content of ceramic phases, which effectively decreased the friction coefficient and wear rate. The TiB₂-TiC composite ceramics significantly improved the wear performance of metal matrix composite coatings by different mechanisms under loads of 30 and 60 N.     

激光原位合成TiB2-TiC颗粒增强铁基涂层

采用B4C,TiO2,石墨以及铁基粉末为激光熔覆材料,利用激光多道搭接熔覆技术在碳钢基体上制备TiB2-TiC颗粒增强铁基复合涂层．利用XRD,SEM对涂层的相结构和显微组织进行了研究．采用显微硬度计和滑动磨损试验机分别测试了涂层的硬度和耐磨性能．结果表明,激光熔覆过程B4C,TiO2和石墨反应生成了TiB2和TiC颗粒,并均匀分布在基体中．随着激光功率密度增加,涂层中TiC含量减少,甚至出现FeB脆性相．TiB2-TiC颗粒增强的涂层其硬度和耐磨性能优于基材45钢．     

原位生成 WC-B4C 增强镍基激光熔覆层及其性能研究

目的通过激光熔覆技术,在Q235钢表面原位生成WC-B4C增强镍基熔覆层。方法以WO3,B2O3,C和Ni60混合粉末为预涂原料,采用激光熔覆技术原位生成WC-B4C增强镍基熔覆层,对熔覆层的显微组织和物相构成进行分析,研究其摩擦磨损性能。结果采用合适的工艺参数,通过原位生成WC-B4C形成的增强镍基涂层形貌良好,与基材呈现较好的冶金结合。熔覆层平均硬度1200HV0.3,摩擦磨损失重仅为纯Ni60熔覆层的1/3。结论熔覆层硬度较高,耐磨性很好。大量原位生成的WC-B4C增强相及其均匀分布是熔覆层硬度和耐磨性提高的原因。     

Effects of C/B4C ratio on microstructure and property of Fe-based alloy coating reinforced with in situ synthesized TiB2-TiC

The Fe-based alloy coatings reinforced with in situ synthesized TiB₂-TiC were prepared on Q235 steel by reactive plasma cladding using Fe901 alloy, Ti, B₄, and graphite(C) powders as raw materials. The effects of C/B₄C weight percentage ratio(0-1.38) on the microstructure, microhardness, and wet sand abrasion resistance of the coatings were investigated. The results show that the coatings consist of (Fe, Cr) solid solution, TiC, TiB₂, Ti₈C₅, and Fe₃C phases. The decrease of C/B₄C ratio is propitious to the formation of TiB₂ and Ti₈C₅. Increasing the C/B₄C ratio can help to refine the microstructure of the coatings. However, the microhardness of the middle-upper of the coatings and the wet sand abrasion resistance of coatings degenerate with the increase of C/B₄C ratio. The coating exhibits and the wet sand abrasion resistance at C/B₄C=0 and its average mass loss rate per unit wear distance is 0.001 2%/m. The change of the wet sand abrasion resistance of the coatings with C/B₄C ratio can be mainly attributed to the combined action of the changes of microhardness and the volume percentage of the ceramic reinforcements containing titanium in the coatings.     

激光熔覆B4C-TiO2-Al粉末制备原位TiB2+TiC/Fe复合涂层（英文）

采用B4C、TiO2、Al以及Fe基自熔合金粉末为前驱体,利用激光熔覆技术在钢基体上制备TiB2+TiC颗粒增强Fe基复合涂层。结果表明,激光熔覆过程通过B4C-TiO2-Al反应生成了均匀分布于基体的TiB2-TiC复合陶瓷相。TiB2颗粒呈长条块状,TiC以不规则形状分布于基体中。涂层具有比基材1045钢更好的耐磨性能,但涂层的摩擦因数小。     

Microstructure and properties of laser cladded B4C/TiC/Ni-based composite coating

In order to study the effect of TiC/B₄C ceramic particles on the microstructure evolution and microhardness of Ni204-based cladding coating, TiC/B₄C/Ni204-based composite coatings were fabricated by laser cladding. The results showed that the TiC ceramic particles in the 30%TiC+70%Ni204 coating do not decompose. TiC is the main reinforcing phase in the coating; however, in 30%B₄C + 5%TiC+65%Ni204 composite coating, TiB₂ phase was in situ synthesized, and graphite, Fe₂B, Ti-Mo-Nb, (Ti, Nb, Mo)(B, C) were formed simultaneously in the coating. The addition of TiC promoted the dissolution and reaction of B₄C. In the presence of 30%TiC, the average microhardness and friction coefficient of the coating were 966.4 HV_0.5 and 0.198, respectively, which were 3.23 and 0.281 times of the initial Ni204 coating. In the presence of 30%B₄C and 5%TiC, the average microhardness and friction coefficient of the coatings were 1308.2HV_0.5 and 0.530, respectively, which were 4.38 and 0.752 times of the initial coatings. The enrichment of TiC is proportional to the hardness of the coating.     

Y2O3对原位自生TiC增强Ni基涂层组织和性能影响

采用氩弧熔覆的方法,以Ni60A自熔性合金粉末为粘结相,添加Ti粉、C粉和不同含量的稀土氧化物Y₂O₃,在16Mn钢基体上制备出TiC陶瓷颗粒增强金属基熔覆涂层. 运用XRD, SEM等手段对复合涂层的显微组织进行表征和分析,并对熔覆涂层的硬度及耐磨性进行了测试. 结果表明,适量添加Y₂O₃可以使涂层组织中枝晶的方向性减弱、同时细化涂层组织,使涂层组织更加均匀,涂层的硬度和耐磨性有显著提高. 添加2% Y₂O₃熔覆涂层的组织为最细,涂层具有较高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性能.     

Microstructure and properties of Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys reinforced with TiC–TiB2

Abstract

Different amounts of TiB₂ powder were added to flux cores of wear resistant hardfacing flux cored wires for the preparation of new flux cored wires. Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys reinforced with TiB₂ were produced by arc hardfacing. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance behaviour of the hardfacing alloys were investigated using an optical micrograph, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, macrohardness tester, microhardness tester and abrasive wear tester. The results showed that, among the hardfacing alloys, a new hard phase, i.e. TiC–TiB₂ composite compound particles, was formed and dispersed in the primary carbides and matrix structures. The TiC–TiB₂ reinforced Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys imparted greater hardness and better wear resistance. The presence of TiC–TiB₂ hard phase particles is the main reason for the improvement in hardness and wear resistance of Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys.     

激光和TIG堆焊钴基合金的性能

为了提高马氏体不锈钢蒸汽涡轮叶片的性能,采用Nd:YAG激光、CO₂激光、半导体激光和TIG堆焊方法,在12%Cr马氏体不锈钢表面堆焊了钴基合金粉末(Stellite-6).通过X射线衍射分析、电子探针分析、能谱分析和耐磨试验,研究了堆焊层的形状、稀释率、维氏硬度、DAS(枝晶间距)值、显微组织和耐磨性能,并比较了不同堆焊方法的特点.与TIG堆焊相比,激光堆焊方法的堆焊层具有更小的稀释率、细小的显微组织、狭窄的热影响区、高的维氏硬度、优良的耐磨性、高的钴含量和低的铁含量的特点.     

Structural characteristics and high-temperature tribological behaviors of laser cladded NiCoCrAlY–B4C composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy

In order to improve the hardness and tribological performance of Ti6Al4V alloy, NiCoCrAlY–B₄C composite coatings with B₄C of 5%, 10% and 15% (mass fraction) were fabricated on its surface by laser cladding (LC). The morphologies, chemical compositions and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effects of B₄C mass fraction on the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of NiCoCrAlY–B₄C coatings were investigated using a ball-on-disc wear tester. The results show that the NiCoCrAlY–B₄C coatings with different B₄C mass fractions are mainly composed of NiTi, NiTi₂, α-Ti, CoO, AlB₂, TiC, TiB and TiB₂ phases. The COFs and wear rates of NiCoCrAlY–B₄C coatings decrease with the increase of B₄C content, which are contributed to the improvement of coating hardness by the B₄C addition. The wear mechanisms of NiCoCrAlY–B₄C coatings are changed from adhesive wear and oxidation wear to fatigue wear with the increase of B₄C content.