控轧控冷与热轧耐候钢焊接CCT曲线测定及热影响区的组织特征

采用Formastor—Digital全自动相变膨胀仪研究了热轧09CuPTiRE和控轧控冷09CuPTiRE钢的连续冷却曲线，分析了冷却速度对这两种钢金相组织和硬度的影响。结果表明，在相同的冷速条件下，控轧控冷耐候钢的相变开始点和终了点的温度与热轧耐候钢相差不大。冷却速度t8/5〈11s时，控轧控冷耐候钢焊接热影响区（HAZ）组织以贝氏体为主，而热轧耐候钢HAZ组织中出现了珠光体；当t8/5〉45s时，两种耐候钢HAZ组织均为铁素体和少量的珠光体。随着冷却速度的减小，耐候钢HAZ硬度降低；当t8/5〉45s时，HAZ硬度下降明显，甚至低于母材。     

1300?MPa级低合金高强钢SH-CCT曲线及冷裂敏感性分析

采用Formastor-FⅡ全自动相变仪测定了1300 MPa级低合金高强钢的奥氏体化相变温度,结合光学显微镜与维氏硬度计等设备研究了800 ~ 500 ℃冷却时间(t_8/5)对1300 MPa级低合金高强钢粗晶热影响区组织和硬度变化的影响规律. 结果表明,当t_8/5为3 ~ 60 s时,1300 MPa级低合金高强钢粗晶热影响区组织均由板条马氏体组成,硬度值为438 ~ 454 HV5;随着冷却时间延长,粗晶区出现贝氏体类组织,当t_8/5为150 s时,粗晶区为板条马氏体/贝氏体混合组织,硬度平均值为413 HV5;当t_8/5为300 ~ 600 s时,粗晶区为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体混合组织,硬度值为341 ~ 381 HV5;当t_8/5＞600 s时,粗晶区组织主要为粒状贝氏体,硬度值为269 ~ 322 HV5. 冷裂敏感性评价结果表明,该试验钢碳当量C_E(IIW)和C_EN均大于0.5%,具有一定的冷裂倾向,需焊前预热,焊后热处理或保温缓冷等措施,避免焊接冷裂纹的形成.     

屈服强度1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢的SH-CCT曲线及其粗晶热影响区组织

采用热模拟和显微金相、显微硬度检测等技术研究了1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢的奥氏体化相变温度、冷却时间t_8/5对其焊接热影响区粗晶区组织和性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢奥氏体化开始温度A_c1为710℃,奥氏体化结束温度A_c3为820℃;随着t_8/5的增大,热影响区粗晶区的组织由全部为板条马氏体转变为粒状贝氏体+板条马氏体的混合组织,再转变为全部粒状贝氏体组织,最终转变为贝氏体+珠光体+铁素体组织;随着t_8/5的增大,显微硬度从500 HV5逐渐降至250 HV5,而试验钢母材硬度值范围为502～523 HV5,因此在t_8/5较大时,即在较大的焊接热输入条件下,1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢软化现象严重,焊接过程应严格控制焊接热输入。     

Q345FRE耐火钢SH-CCT曲线测定与分析

利用Gleeble-3500试验机对Q345FRE耐火钢进行了焊接热模拟,结合膨胀法、杠杆法、金相分析与硬度测试,测得了Q345FRE耐火钢焊接热影响区在不同t_8/5条件下的相变温度,并绘制了焊接热影响区连续冷却转变曲线(SH-CCT),研究了其焊接热影响区在不同t_8/5条件下的组织变化规律。结果表明,当t_8/5为3~80 s时,Q345FRE耐火钢热影响区组织为贝氏体;当t_8/5为80~300 s时,其组织为贝氏体、铁素体和珠光体;当t_8/5为300~600 s时,其组织为铁素体和珠光体。随着t_8/5的增大,其焊接热影响区的组织硬度减小。为保持组织稳定性,Q345FRE耐火钢焊接线能量的适当选取范围为15~150 kJ/cm。     

热输入对S690QL钢热影响区组织和性能的影响

采用焊接热模拟方法,研究了不同峰值温度Tp和冷却时间t8/5对S690QL钢单次热循环模拟热影响区组织和性能的影响,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对热影响区进行了冲击断口形貌与显微组织分析.结果表明,峰值温度由950℃升高至l 350℃,组织粗化、马氏体板条柬尺寸增大、低温冲击韧性降低;冷却时间t8/5由l0s延长至40 s,组织由板条马氏体向板条马氏体+下贝氏体组织逐渐过渡.t8/5取20 s时,模拟热影响区可获得较好的低温冲击韧性.     

OD1422 mm的X80级管线钢SH-CCT曲线测定与分析

采用Gleeble3500热-力学模拟试验机,对外径为φ1422 mm的X80管线钢焊接热影响区(HAZ)在不同冷却速度下的热循环过程进行了模拟,利用热膨胀法绘制模拟焊接热影响区连续冷却组织转变曲线(SH-CCT);结合光学显微组织和硬度测试等分析手段,研究了φ1422 mm的X80管线钢在不同冷却速度条件下焊接热影响区的组织变化规律。结果表明,冷却速度对X80管线钢的相变行为和微观结构具有显著影响。当冷却速度为1 ℃/s时,组织转变为贝氏体;当冷却速度达到7 ℃/s时,开始产生马氏体组织;当冷却速度为20 ℃/s时,组织内较高位错密度的板条贝氏体较多,组织晶粒较小。当冷却速度在7~20 ℃/s之间时,X80管线钢热影响区的显微硬度和冲击性能都大于母材。     

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为了弄清t8/5对X90管线钢焊接热影响区组织和硬度的影响,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对该钢焊接热影响区在t8/5=10~300s下的热循环过程进行了模拟;结合热膨胀法和金相法建立了SHCCT曲线;针对各模拟样品,采用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察了显微组织,测定了维氏硬度HV0.3。结果表明:随着t8/5的减小,试验钢焊接热影响区相变开始和结束的温度降低,粒状贝氏体数量减少,板条贝氏体数量增多,原奥氏体晶粒和贝氏体铁素体细化,使该区域的硬度值升高。该钢环焊的t8/5宜控制在10~20s。     

X90管线钢SHCCT曲线的测定与分析

为了弄清t8/5对X90管线钢焊接热影响区组织和硬度的影响,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对该钢焊接热影响区在t8/5=10~300s下的热循环过程进行了模拟;结合热膨胀法和金相法建立了SHCCT曲线;针对各模拟样品,采用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察了显微组织,测定了维氏硬度HV0.3。结果表明:随着t8/5的减小,试验钢焊接热影响区相变开始和结束的温度降低,粒状贝氏体数量减少,板条贝氏体数量增多,原奥氏体晶粒和贝氏体铁素体细化,使该区域的硬度值升高。该钢环焊的t8/5宜控制在10~20s。     

焊接热循环对热轧Giga钢板焊接粗晶区组织和韧性的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对厚度为6 mm的热轧Giga钢板进行了单道次焊接热模拟试验,研究了单道次焊接热循环时间(t8/5)对焊接粗晶区显微组织和韧性的影响.结果表明:单道次焊接热循环时间t8/5从15 s增加至120 s时,粗晶区组织由板条马氏体转变为贝氏体,晶粒粗化,硬度降低,韧性先增加后降低;当t...     

含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区组织与韧性分析

研究了含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区的组织与韧性,并测定了含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区连续冷却转变曲线(SHCCT曲线).结果表明,冷却速度对含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区的组织和韧性有显著影响.随着冷却速度的增加,粗晶区的组织由粗大的粒状贝氏体转变为细小的板条贝氏体;当t8/5≤40s时,焊接粗晶区无塑性转变温度低于-50℃,可获得良好的低温韧性.当t8/5＞40s时,焊接粗晶区冲击韧度显著降低,大尺寸M-A组元的增多是导致含铜时效钢韧性恶化的重要原因.     

Analysis on SH-CCT curves of HD15Ni1MnMoNbCu steel for nuclear power station

The microstructural evolution and Vickers hardness measurement in the welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) of HD15Ni1MnMoNbCu steel for nuclear power station were investigated by Gleeble-3180 thermal mechanical simulator, and the simulated HAZ continuous cooling transformation curves (SH-CCT) were measured simultaneously. With t_8/5 increasing from 3.75 s to 15 000 s, the product was obtained martensite, bainite, ferrite and pearlite, successively. The result of microstructure and Vickers hardness in the heat-affected zone was in good agreement with those measured by SH-CCT diagram with the heat input 16.2 kJ/cm as an example to weld the HD15Ni1MnMoNbCu steel pipe using TIG/SMAW/SAW welding methods.     

2205双相不锈钢焊接热影响区的组织转变行为

通过焊接热模拟方法和现代材料组织分析技术,研究了冷却时间t8/5和t12/8对2205双相不锈钢模拟热影响区(HAZ)组织转变行为的影响.结果表明,固定t12/8,改变t8/5,2205双相不锈钢模拟HAZ的组织形态和相比例相差不大,用t8/5作为参数研究这种材料HAZ组织转变行为是不恰当的;固定t8/5,改变t12/8,2205双相不锈钢模拟HAZ的组织形态和相比例变化比较大,t12/8是影响这种材料HAZ组织的本质因素,用它来研究对2205双相不锈钢HAZ组织的影响更为确切.冷却时间t12/8对2205双相不锈钢模拟HAZ组织的影响规律是,随着t12/8的增加,奥氏体由原来的长条状逐渐变成树枝状,晶界和晶粒内部均析出奥氏体,相互交集在一起形成网状.铁素体的比例随着冷却时间t12/8的增加而缓慢下降;2205双相不锈钢模拟HAZ组织中奥氏体和铁素体晶内比母材有更多的位错.     

Q890高强钢焊接淬硬倾向和冷裂纹敏感性

通过焊接热模拟试验、焊接热影响区最高硬度试验以及公式计算,分析了Q890钢的焊接淬硬倾向和冷裂纹敏感性.结果表明,稻垣道夫建立的经验公式比D·Vwer建立的理论经验公式更适用于计算厚板的焊接冷却时间t8/5.Q890钢焊接热影响区的粗晶区具有较强的淬硬倾向,调整焊前预热温度以及焊接热输入,对Q890钢热影响区的淬硬倾向无明显改善,但焊前预热能有效增大冷却时间t100,降低试验钢的焊接冷裂倾向.通过计算机拟合建立了冷却时间ts/5与焊接热影响区过热区硬度的关系式,经过验证该关系式能够对Q890钢最高硬度进行合理的预测.     

Microstructure and properties of HAZ for X100 pipeline steel

In general, the weld thermal cycle results in significant changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld heat affected zone ( HAZ) . The microstructure, microhardness and low temperature impact toughness of HAZ for X100 pipeline steel were studied by means of welding thermal simulation. Influence of cooling time on the microstructure and properties in coarse-grained heat affected zone ( CGHAZ) was investigated. The results illustrated that polygonal ferrite and a small amount of granular bainite were obtained when the cooling time t ₈/5 is larger than 1 500 s. Mainly granular bainite was formed when the cooling time t ₈ / 5 is in the range of 1 500 s to 100 s. Bainite ferrite was observed when the cooling time is smaller than 60 s. Martensite appeared in the CGHAZ with the 20 s cooling time. The value of microhardness in the CGHAZ was higher than that of base metal ( BM) when the cooling time t 8/5 is smaller than 100 s. The CVN absorbed energy in the CGHAZ was higher than the value of BM when the cooling time t 8/5 is smaller than 30 s     

MICROSTRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION IN THE WELDING HEAT AFFECTED ZONE OF 800MPa GRADE ULTRA FINE STRUCTURED STEEL

The transformation behavior and microstructure development in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of 800MPa grade ultra fine structured steel was investigated. It was found that the HAZ has intermediate temperature transformation characteristics in a wide range of cooling rates, with the bainite sheaves consisting of bainite ferrite plates without carbide precipitation and retained austenite in the .fast cooling regime. At relatively high cooling rates, which corresponded to low heat inputs, the hardness o.f the simulated HAZ was above that of the base metal. When the cooling rate was below 9℃/s, the welding HAZ would have an obvious softening. The analysis of transformation rates in continuous cooling processes was completed by numerical differential method. The result indicated that the microstructure transformation rate o.f the HAZ in 800MPa grade ultra fine structured steel changed sharply to slow speeds when the cooling time t8/5 is longer than 7s.     

2205双相不锈钢模拟焊接HAZ组织与性能

采用热模拟法研究了2205DSS焊接HAZ的组织与性能，探讨了冷却时间对模拟HAZ冲击韧性的影响规律。结果表明：冷却时间对组织及性能有很大的影响，随冷却时间的延长，铁素体含量减少，奥氏体含量增加，冲击韧性增大：随冷却时间延长，模拟组织显微硬度降低，而且模拟组织中铁素体的硬度低于奥氏体的硬度：固定冷却时间t8／5时，随冷却时间t12／8的增加，冲击韧性提高：固定冷却时间t12／8时，随冷却时间t8／5的增加，冲击韧性降低。     

X80管线钢焊接热影响区组织和性能分析

采用焊接热模拟技术和金相显微组织分析技术,对首钢研制开发的X80热轧板卷在不同焊接热循环下的组织和力学性能变化规律进行了深入分析.结果表明,粗晶热影响区是X80管线钢焊接热影响区中冲击韧性较差的区域,存在严重脆化.粗晶热影响区脆化是由于晶粒的粗化以及粒状贝氏体、上贝氏体、M-A组元等非平衡中低温转变产物数量增多造成的,且其冲击韧性随着t8/5的增加而降低.细晶热影响区是X80管线钢焊接热影响区的软化区域,软化程度随着焊接热输入的增加而增加.     

焊接热循环对10Ni5CrMoV钢组织的影响

采用模拟焊接热循环的方法，研究了不同峰温和ｔ８／５条件下１０Ｎｉ５ＣｒＭｏＶ钢热影响区组织的变化，金相观察发现，峰温在Ａｃ１～Ａｃ３之间时，其组织为细小的马氏体和高温回火马氏体的混合组织；峰温超过Ａｃ３时，冷却后均转变为马氏体，且发生自回火现象，峰温越高，奥氏体晶粒粗大，冷却后形成的马氏体板条束尺寸也越大，随着ｔ８／５的增加，其组织由自回火马氏体（含少量孪晶马氏体）自回火马氏体＋下贝氏体，自回火马     

On the microstructure-polarization behavior correlation of a 9Cr-1Mo steel weld joint

The use of 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel necessitates its fabrication by the process of welding. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel is a combination of many microstructures. In the present study, the corrosion properties of the base metal, weld metal, and the various regions of the HAZ are assessed with respect to their microstructures. The various microstructures in the HAZ were simulated by heat treatment of the normalized and tempered base metal at 1463, 1200, and 1138 K for 5 min followed by oil quenching. The microstructure of the base metal in the normalized and tempered condition revealed martensite laths with M₂₃C₆ carbides at lath boundaries, and uniform dispersion of fine, acicular M₂C. The weld metal showed predominantly martensitic structure with dispersion of carbides. Simulation of the microstructures of the HAZ by heat treatment resulted in the following microstructures: coarse-grained martensite of 75 μm size at 1463 K, fine-grained martensite at 1200 K, and martensite + proeutectoid α-ferrite at 1138 K. In all cases, carbide precipitation was observed in the martensitic matrix. Microhardness measurements of HAZ-simulated base metal showed increasing hardness with increasing heat treatment temperature. The hardness values obtained corresponded very well with the regions of the actual HAZ in the weld joint. Electrochemical polarization studies were carried out on the base metal, weld metal, weldment (base metal + weld metal + HAZ), and the simulated HAZ structures in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution. Critical current densities (i _crit1 and i _crit2), passive current densities (i _pass and i _sec-pass), and transpassive potential (E _tp) were the parameters considered for evaluating the corrosion resistance. The HAZ structures simulated at 1463 and 1200 K, corresponding to coarse- and fine-grained martensitic regions of an actual HAZ, had corrosion properties as good as the normalized and tempered base metal. Of the various simulated HAZ structures, the intercritical region, which was simulated at 1138 K, possessed the worst corrosion resistance. The weld metal possessed the worst corrosion resistance of the various microstructural regions in the weld joint. The weldment adopted the degraded corrosion properties of the weld metal.