H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性北大核心CSCD

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

Ti811合金表面激光熔覆涂层微观组织及性能研究

目的研究Ti811合金表面激光熔覆涂层的微观组织及磨损性能。方法利用激光熔覆技术,在Ti811合金表面激光熔覆原位合成了Ti C+Ti B2增强镍基复合涂层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究了熔覆层的物相组成、显微组织、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能,并利用二维点阵错配度理论对Ti C的细化机理进行分析。结果激光熔覆涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,熔覆层生成物相主要由Ti C、Ti B2、Ti2Ni和γ-Ni组成,其中Ti C呈等轴枝晶状和花瓣状,Y2O3的(111)面与Ti C的(110)面之间的二维点阵错配度为6.813%,Y2O3作为Ti C的非均质形核核心为中等有效。熔覆层的平均显微硬度为913.93HV0.5,约为基体Ti811硬度的2.4倍。熔覆层摩擦系数稳定在0.45～0.52之间,磨损机理主要为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损。结论采用激光熔覆技术能够在Ti811合金表面成功制备Ni基复合增强涂层。熔覆层中Y2O3颗粒具有细晶强化、弥散强化、增加形核率的作用,熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度与良好的耐磨损性能。     

TiC对激光熔覆TiC-Ti-Al涂层结构与性能的影响

为了研究Ti C对激光熔覆涂层结构与性能的影响,运用激光熔覆技术在Ti Al合金表面制备Ti-Al-Ti C涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、XRD、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机对所制备涂层的显微组织、物相及成分、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能等进行了测试。结果表明:在含有20%微米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(A涂层)内,增强相Ti C生长较为发达,整体呈树枝状形态,枝晶生长方向较为杂乱,熔覆质量较差;而在含有10%纳米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(B涂层)内,增强相Ti C的形貌为颗粒状和长条状,在熔覆层内分布较均匀,生长方向较规律;在含有20%纳米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(C涂层)内,增强相Ti C的形貌主要为颗粒状和细杆状,熔覆层内组织生长发达,致密,熔覆质量较好。添加纳米级Ti C的涂层在显微硬度和耐磨性上优于添加微米级Ti C的涂层,涂层中纳米Ti C含量由10%上升到20%时,涂层显微硬度和耐磨性均有明显提高。     

铝合金表面MoSi2/SiC复合涂层的激光熔覆制备

利用激光熔覆技术在铝合金表面制备MoSi2/SiCp复合涂层,对涂层的微观组织形成规律及其主要工艺参数对涂层组织和性能的影响进行了研究.实验结果表明,对试样进行搭接预热和在熔覆粉末中添加助熔剂CaF2是提高熔覆层质量的主要途径.采用多道搭接预热熔覆工艺和预置涂层法可以在铝合金表面获得具有完全冶金结合的原位自生SiC颗粒增韧的硅化钼陶瓷复合涂层,涂层组织主要由Mo(Si,Al)2、SiC、α-Al、Mo5Si3等相组成.熔覆层显微硬度较基体材料的显微硬度有大幅度提高,涂层显微硬度最大可达850HV0.2.     

La2O3含量对激光熔覆TiB/Ti涂层显微结构的影响

目的 改善钛合金表面激光熔覆复合涂层的组织结构,提高钛合金的硬度,使其在相应领域得到更广泛的应用.方法 采用激光熔覆快速非平衡合成方法 制备原位反应合成L2O3-TiB增强钛基复合涂层.用L2O3、Ti和B的混合粉末在Ti-6Al-4V基体表面激光熔覆制备L2O3-TiB/Ti复合涂层,并对其进行XRD物相分析、SEM显微结构观察及显微硬度分析.结果 添加不同含量的L2O3的激光熔覆钛合金复合涂层均与基体较好的结合,涂层中均只有α-Ti和TiB两种物相.随L2O3含量的增加,激光熔覆复合涂层中的增强相TiB的形貌越均匀细小,添加不同含量的L2O3的激光熔覆复合涂层的硬度值约为基体材料的2~3倍,添加质量分数为3%的L2O3的激光熔覆复合涂层硬度最高,其显微硬度值大约为1300HV.结论 添加稀土氧化物L2O3后制备的激光熔覆钛合金复合涂层与基体结合良好,稀土元素的添加使涂层组织细化,硬度得到了明显提高.     

钛基稀土激光熔覆层中TiC的生长规律研究

利用同步送粉激光熔覆技术在Ti811表面制备了TC4+Ni45+WC+CeO_2激光熔覆层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)分析了涂层的组织和相组成,分析了制备过程中的反应机理,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度。结果表明,涂层的α-Ti基底中分布有枝晶Ti C、纳米共晶Ti C(缺位型TiC_x)、TiB_2和金属间化合物Ti_2Ni等相;通过对比发现,加入CeO_2的激光熔覆层生成相密度明显增加,晶界密度明显增大,晶界强化特征明显,枝晶TiC粒径相对粗大,涂层中二次析出的纳米共晶Ti C依附于枝晶Ti C生长,形成了纳米共晶TiC+枝晶TiC的复合相结构;涂层的显微硬度高于基底的,涂层的最高硬度为697 HV0.5,较基底提高了约0.8倍。     

电火花沉积与激光熔覆复合涂层的组织与性能

采用激光熔覆工艺和电火花沉积工艺在Q235钢上熔覆铁基合金粉末和WC陶瓷硬质合金,形成复合涂层.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、显微硬度计等对复合涂层的相结构、显微组织、显微硬度及耐磨性能进行了分析.结果表明:复合涂层主要是由Fe3W3C、Co3W3C、Si2W、W2C和(Fe0.51Mn0.46 Ni0.03)6C等相组成;复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合,复合涂层中电火花区域中细小的硬质相弥散分布于沉积层中;复合涂层的厚度为140～160 μm,其中电火花沉积区域约为40μm,激光熔覆工艺的涂层厚度为100～120 μm;电火花沉积层的硬度最高可达1262.9 HV,平均硬度为1151.6 HV,电火花沉积区域与激光熔覆区域之间的过渡区域的显微硬度为884.8 HV,激光熔覆区域的显微硬度平均值为578.3 HV;复合涂层的耐磨性较基体耐磨性提高2.3倍,强化层的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损.     

铝合金表面激光熔覆原位自生TiB颗粒增强耐磨涂层的研究

在铝合金LY12表面激光表面熔覆原位自生TiB颗粒增强耐磨涂层.采用SEM、TEM和XRD对涂层的显微组织和物相组成进行观察分析.激光熔覆Al-Ti-Fe-B复合涂层相组成为α-Al,Tib,Al3Ti以及Al3Fe.熔覆涂层的显微硬度随着涂层中TiB含量的增加而明显增加,涂层最高硬度可达900HV0.2.磨损试验结果显示,熔覆涂层的磨损失重随TiB含量的增加而减少.通过对试样的磨损形貌观察,对比分析了涂层与基体铝合金的磨损机理.     

电磁复合场协同激光熔覆制备TiBw/Ti网状结构复合涂层

目的利用电磁复合场(EMCF)辅助激光熔覆制备TiB_w/Ti网状结构复合涂层,探索电磁场对涂层组织结构的影响。方法以TiB_2∶Ti=1∶1(摩尔比)的混合粉末为熔覆材料,TC4作为基板材料,通过外加电磁复合场进行激光熔覆试验。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察洛伦兹力方向对熔覆层组织结构的影响,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和维氏显微硬度计分析施加电磁复合场前后熔覆层的相组成和硬度分布。结果未施加电磁复合场的熔覆层组织主要为细针状、粗棒状和颗粒状组织。而施加电磁复合场后,熔覆层出现了网状结构,而且方向向下的洛伦兹力可使涂层内部形成空间间距更大的网状结构。此外,单独施加稳态磁场后,熔覆层只出现细针状和粗棒状组织。电磁复合场施加前后熔覆层硬度与基体相比,均有很大的提高。但未施加电磁复合场的熔覆层硬度变化幅度较大;施加电磁复合场后,随着距熔覆层表面距离的增加,硬度的变化幅度比较平缓。结论在洛伦兹力作用下,可得到TiB_w/Ti网状结构的复合涂层,电磁复合场使TiB_w/Ti网状结构强化相均匀分布,同时提高涂层的显微硬度。     

Improvement of the oxidation and wear resistance of pure Ti by laser cladding at elevated temperature

NiCrBSi and NiCrBSi/WC-Ni composite coatings were produced on pure Ti substrates by the laser cladding technology. Thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis was used to evaluate the high temperature oxidation resistance of the laser cladding coatings. The friction and wear behavior was tested through sliding against the Si₃N₄ ball at elevated temperatures of 300 °C and 500 °C. Besides, the morphologies of the worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three dimensional non-contact surface mapping. The results show that the microhardness, high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature wear resistance of the pure Ti substrates are greatly increased. For the pure Ti substrate, the wear behavior is dominated by adhesive wear, abrasive wear and severe plastic deformation, while both laser cladding coatings, involving only mild abrasive and fatigue wear, are able to prevent the substrates from severe adhesion and abrasive wear. In particular, the laser cladding NiCrBSi/WC-Ni composite coating shows better high temperature wear resistance than the NiCrBSi coating, which is due to the formation of a hard WC phase in the composite coating.     

Effect of Undercooling on Microstructure Evolution in IN718 Superalloy

通过激光熔覆技术在钛表面成功制备了NiCoCrAlY和NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层,用SEM和XRD分析了涂层的组成及结构.在SRV-Ⅳ高温摩擦磨损试验机上系统考察了NiCoCrAlY和NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层在20、100、300和500℃下的摩擦磨损性能,对偶为Si3N4陶瓷球.采用SEM和3D非接触式表面轮廓仪磨损形貌分析了摩擦磨损测试后涂层和对偶陶瓷球的磨痕形貌.结果表明:NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层相对于NiCoCrAlY涂层有更高的显微硬度和更好的高温耐磨性能,NiCoCrAlY和NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2复合涂层在不同温度下的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance Evolution of HVOFSprayed WC-（W,Cr）2C-Ni Coating with Post Heat Treatment In Air Atmosphere

WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating was prepared on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel and C-276 Ni-base Hastelloy by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying.The effect of post heat treatment in air atmosphere on the microstructure,phase composition,microhardness,fracture toughness,and wear resistance of HVOF-sprayed WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating was investigated.The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The microhardness and fracture toughness of the coatings were measured using a microhardness tester and a Vickers hardness tester.Moreover,dry friction and wear behavior of the coatings sliding against Si3N4 ball was investigated using an oscillating friction and wear tester;and the worn surfaces of the coatings were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It was found that heat treatment within 500-800°C resulted in crystallization of amorphous phase in as-sprayed coating,generating nanoscale new phases such as NiWO4,CrWO4 and Cr2WO6.Besides,heat treatment led to increase of the microhardness of as-sprayed coating,and the highest microhardness was obtained after heat treatment at 800°C.The fracture toughness and wear resistance of the as-sprayed coating increased with increasing heat treatment temperature up to 700°C but tended to decrease with further elevating temperature.In other words,the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the as-sprayed coatings were worsened owing to excessive growth of oxidation grains and depletion of ductile Ni binder after heat treatment above 700°C.Thus it was suggested that as-sprayed ceramic composite coating should be post heat treated in air at a moderate temperature of 700°C so as to achieve the optimized mechanical properties and wear resistance.     

钼对钴基合金激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术在低碳钢基体表面制备了钴基合金涂层.利用金相显微镜(OP)、扫描电镜(SEM)及x射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了不同Mo元素含量的钴基合金涂层的组织结构;通过采用显微硬度试验、滑动磨损试验等方法进行性能测试.结果表明,含5.4%Mo的合金熔覆层主要组成相为γ-Co,Cr_(23)C_6,而含28%Mo的合金涂层主要相组成为γ-Co,Cr_(23)C_6,Co_3Mo_2Si_2和NiCor等相;含5.4%Mo涂层的组织主要为柱状生长树枝晶;含28%Mo单道涂层的结合区为紊乱的粗大树枝晶,中部为向上生长的细小的树枝晶,表层为细小的等轴晶,多道搭接涂层组织为细小的等轴晶;含28%Mo涂层的显微硬度可达800 HV以上,比含5.4%Mo涂层的硬度提高了一倍;耐磨性也有不同程度的提高.

Abstract：

Co-based alloy coatings with different Mo content (5.4% and 28 % ) on the surface of low carbon steel were prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure and phases composition of the coatings were investigated by means of optical microscope (OP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction instrument (XRD). Microhardness and sliding wear resistance of the coatings were also tested. The results indicated that the main phases in Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4%Mo were γ-Co and Cr_(23) C_6. Another two phases of Co_3 Mo_2 Si and NiCoCr were identified in Co-based alloy coatings with 28% Mo. Directional dendrite was observed in Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4% Mo. Unidirectional dendrite at the interface, followed by fine dendrite at the central zone and equiaxed grain near top surface were found in Co-based alloy single coatings with 28% Mo, and almost all fine equiaxed grains appear in the multi-track coatings. The microhardness of Co-bascd alloy coatings with 28% Mo reaches up to 800 HV, which was 2 times of that of Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4% Mo. The sliding wear resistance was also improved.     

热处理对TA2合金表面激光熔覆Ti2SC/TiS涂层组织和力学性能的影响

目的对激光熔覆自润滑耐磨涂层进行热处理,获得具有较好摩擦学性能的复合涂层。方法采用激光熔覆技术在TA2合金表面熔覆40%Ti-25.2%TiC-34.8%WS_2复合粉末制备自润滑耐磨复合涂层。将涂层置于500℃真空中分别保温1、2 h,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机以及原子力显微镜(AFM)系统地分析了热处理前后涂层的物相、组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能。结果未经过热处理和经过热处理涂层的主要物相均为α-Ti、(Ti,W)C_(1-x)、TiC、Ti_2SC和TiS。相比未经热处理涂层的显微硬度(1049.8 HV_(0.5)),经过热处理1 h和2 h涂层的显微硬度(1143.3 HV_(0.5)和1162.7 HV_(0.5))有所上升。热处理1 h和2 h涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.29和6.66×10~(-5) mm~3/(N·m)以及0.29和5.65×10~(-5) mm~3/(N·m),比未热处理涂层(0.32和18.92×10~(-5) mm~3/(N·m))的耐磨减摩性能有所提升。经过热处理1 h和2 h涂层的磨损机理均主要表现为磨粒磨损,未经热处理涂层的磨损机理主要为塑性变形和粘着磨损。结论相比未经热处理的涂层,经过热处理1 h和2 h的涂层显微硬度有所升高,摩擦学性能得到提升,但在两种热处理时间条件下,涂层显微硬度和摩擦学性能变化较小。     

热处理对钽强化激光熔覆NiCrBSi涂层的影响

通过在激光熔覆NiCrBSi涂层(Ni60)中添加钽(Ta)元素来提高900℃热处理后涂层的耐磨性.研究了900℃热处理对激光熔覆NiCrBSi和钽强化NiCrBSi复合涂层显微组织、硬度以及耐磨性能的影响.利用带能谱仪的扫描电镜和衍射仪分析涂层的显微组织和物相.通过盘-销实验评价涂层的耐磨性.结果表明:经过900℃热处理后涂层中的M7C3和M23C6发生了分解,钽强化复合涂层和纯NiCrBSi涂层中的硬度都有所下降,但由于复合涂层中原位生成的TaC未发生分解,使得其硬度和耐磨性都高于纯NiCrBSi涂层.     

等离子熔覆NiCr-Cr3C2复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的研究

目的研究碳化铬含量及磨损载荷力对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,探究不同磨损载荷下的磨损机制。方法采用5种Ni55和NiCr-Cr_3C_2的混合粉末(Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%),通过等离子熔覆技术制备金属基复合涂层。采用XRD、SEM对涂层物相进行检测分析,使用Rtec万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层表面进行不同载荷下的摩擦磨损性能测试。对涂层组织、摩擦系数、磨损体积及磨损表面微观形貌进行对比分析,探究碳化铬的含量以及摩擦载荷对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果 NiCr-Cr_3C_2在熔覆过程中发生熔化,XRD测得涂层中的碳化物主要以Cr_7C_3为主,其他主要物相包括Cr_3C_2、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_5B_3、Ni_3Si。复合涂层的硬度及耐磨性能随着碳化铬含量的增加而增大,硬度最高达1500HV以上,耐磨性是基体Q235的2～16倍。当磨损载荷低于80 N时,主要发生磨粒磨损;当磨损载荷为100 N时,主要发生粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,其中S5的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损。结论加入碳化铬,随着碳化铬含量增加,复合涂层的耐磨性不断提高,并且随着磨损载荷的增大,涂层磨损机制发生转变。     

Effects of High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties and Cutting Performance of TiAlN-Coated Tools

Commercial TiAlN-coated carbide tools were post-treated using the high current pulsed electron beam irradiation method. The influence of the energy density of the electron beam on the morphology, phase composition, surface roughness and Vickers hardness were investigated. The higher energy density imposed on TiAlN-coated carbide tools resulted in a flatter and harder modified surface. After the beam irradiation, the XRD diffraction peak intensity of the hardening phase (Ti,Al)N was changed, and the diffraction peak position was shifted; these changes are attributed to the improved microhardness of the irradiated coatings. Investigations on the cutting experiments of turning Ti-6Al-4V alloy showed that the irradiated TiAlN-coated carbide tool exhibited longer cutting life and better wear resistance than those of an unirradiated tool. This improvement is attributed to the combined effect of low surface roughness and high microhardness that resulted from the high current pulse electron beam irradiation.     

激光熔覆超音速火焰喷涂陶瓷复合涂层的结构和性能

对YAG激光器产生的矩形激光束及在熔覆超音速火焰喷涂陶瓷复合涂层过程中激光功率对涂层组织和性能的影响进行了研究.采用扫描电镜分析了激光熔覆后的涂层组织结构,比较了采用不同激光输出功率2、3、4kW所得熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性能.结果表明:激光熔覆层与基体为冶金结合,熔覆层的硬度较喷涂层的硬度有所提高,并随着激光功率的提高而增加.激光熔覆层的磨损失重远低于喷涂层.     

激光重熔等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层组织及高温磨损性能

为了提高等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层的性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和性能的影响．用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和显微硬度计分析了涂层表面形貌、微观结构、相组成和显微硬度,同时对涂层的高温摩擦磨损特性进行了考察．结果表明,激光重熔消除了等离子喷涂层的层片状结构、孔隙等缺陷,涂层致密度提高;另外在激光高能量密度作用下,WC颗粒部分熔化,并在周围析出枝晶结构．激光重熔处理后涂层的显微硬度明显提高,其磨损性能也显著高于原等离子喷涂层．