水下爆炸焊接制备NiTi合金与铜箔复合板

应用水下爆炸焊方法进行了NiTi形状记忆合金与铜箔的爆炸焊研究．利用大型有限元软件ANASYS／LS-DYNA对水下爆炸冲击波驱动飞板的飞行过程进行了数值模拟．飞板的飞行速度与爆炸焊产生射流的最小碰撞速度对比表明,可以实现焊接．通过分析微观组织和断裂机理,评估复合板焊接效果．结果表明,微观组织观察显示界面为连续均匀的波纹形态,界面结合处无裂纹,焊接性能良好．断口形貌分析显示断裂主要表现为解理和准解理断裂,界面处端口形貌与微观组织形态观察一致．水下爆炸焊方法将解决脆性、薄板金属用传统爆炸焊方法难以焊接的问题．     

爆炸焊接最小作用量原理分析

最小作用量原理是自然界的一条基本法则,也是物理学的最后规律.通过爆炸焊接的理论分析、界面测试和生产实践发现,爆炸焊接过程也遵循物理学"最小作用量原理",即以最小的装药量获得最佳的焊接界面.在复板和基板发生非弹性碰撞直至结合这一力学过程中,其"作用量"可认为是"复板和基板的结合能量".为了使界面结合能量为最小,在选取爆炸焊接工艺参数时,需遵循"装药厚度下限法则"和"基复板间隙上限法则"等原则,并优选"最低临界爆炸速度炸药",即可实现爆炸焊接过程"最小作用量原理",从而使爆炸焊接界面状态达到最佳.     

NiTi基高温形状记忆合金的发展

概述了近几年来ＮｉＴｉ基高温形状记忆合金的进展，介绍了Ｐｂ，Ｐｔ，Ａｕ，Ｈｆ和Ｚｒ元素对合金的相变温度，马氏体相变特征和形状记忆效应的影响。旨在探索开发高温形状记忆合金的途径。     

Al0.1CoCrFeNi高熵合金/TA2钛复合板爆炸焊接试验及性能测试

高熵合金是一种新兴的多主元合金,具有作为结构材料的潜力,但对高熵合金焊接工艺的研究还很有限. 通过爆炸焊接实现了Al_0.1CoCrFeNi高熵合金与TA2工业纯钛的复合连接,并研究了Al_0.1CoCrFeNi/TA2复合板的微观结构和力学性能. 结果表明,Al_0.1CoCrFeNi/TA2复合板具有不连续熔化区的波状结合界面,熔化区中呈现多元素混合状态,并且具有较均匀的元素分布. 熔化区的硬度大于界面附近的硬度,并且硬度随着离界面距离的增加逐渐降低,但仍高于原始材料. 相对于焊接前的Al_0.1CoCrFeNi高熵合金的强度(398 MPa),爆炸焊接后的Al_0.1CoCrFeNi/TA2复合板强度明显提高(567 MPa),但断后伸长率降低. 说明爆炸焊接可以有效的将Al_0.1CoCrFeNi高熵合金与TA2工业纯钛相结合,而形成的复合板具有良好的力学性能.     

铝/钛复合管的爆炸焊接试验

设计了2A12(LY12)/TA1复合管爆炸焊接所用的模具;阐述了该复合管的爆炸焊接工艺,并根据力学性能及SEM和XRD的测试结果和分析指出该复合管界面为理想的微波状结合,界面结合区未产生金属间化合物,其力学性能完全能满足使用的要求,因此,所采用的爆炸焊接工艺是可行的;另外,依据界面线扫描曲线还发现,该复合管的界面结合区中性面偏于扩散势较低的TA1管侧。     

爆炸焊接TA2/316L复合板界面的微观分析

采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和显微硬度计，对爆炸焊接316L／TA2复合板结合界面的显微组织，成分和显微硬度进行了研究。结果表明，界面呈波状；316L与TA2结合界面之间有一层约为5μm的熔化层：波尾处存在漩涡状熔化块，熔化块内有微裂纹和气孔；界面附近的基体组织产生了剧烈的塑性变形；钛一侧存在绝热剪切带；界面附近的原子存在扩散现象；界面区的显微硬度有显著的提高。     

NiTi形状记忆合金刷镀工艺研究

研究了刷镀新工艺在NiTi合金表面处理中的应用.结果表明改进活化效果是提高镀层质量的关键.在大量实验的基础上确定了合适的刷镀工艺,获得了外观、结合力良好的镀层.     

Electrochemical behavior of YAG laser-welded NiTi shape memory alloy

Electrochemical behaviors of laser-welded Ti-50.6%Ni（mole fraction） shape memory alloy and the base metal in 0.9% NaCl solution were investigated by electrochemical techniques as corrosion potential measurement, linear and potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicate that the laser-welded NiTi alloy is less susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion than the base metal, which is demonstrated by the increase in polarization resistance（Rp） and pitting potential（φpit） and decrease in corrosion current density（Jcorr） and mean difference between φpit and φprot values. It is confirmed by scanning electron microscope micrographs that pits could be observed on the surface of base metal but not on the surface of laser-welded alloy after potentiodynamic tests. An improvement of corrosion resistance of laser-welded NiTi alloy could be attributed to almost complete dissolution of inclusions upon laser welding.     

Influence of Fe addition on phase transformation behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy

Three different NiTi-based alloys, whose nominal compositions were Ni₅₀Ti₅₀, Ni₄₉Ti₄₉Fe₂, Ni₄₅Ti_51.8Fe_3.2 (mole fraction, %), respectively, were used in the current research to understand the influence of Fe addition on phase transformation behavior in NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA). The microstructure and phase transformation behavior of the alloys were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results show that the matrix of the Ni₅₀Ti₅₀ alloy consists of both B19′ (martensite) phase and B2 (austenite) phase. Moreover, the substructures of twins could be observed in the B19′ phase. However, the ternary alloys of NiTiFe exhibit B2 phase in the microstructures. Such microstructures were also characterized by large presence of Ti₂Ni precipitates dispersed homogenously in the matrix of the two kinds of alloys. The addition of Fe to the NiTi SMA results in the decrease in phase transformation temperatures in the ternary alloys. Based on mechanism analysis, it can be concluded that this phenomenon is primarily attributed to atom relaxation of the distorted lattice induced by Ni-antisite defects and Fe substitutions during phase transformation, which enables stabilization of B2 phase during phase transformation.     

添加铜箔中间层的NiTi形状记忆合金超声波焊接

采用超声波焊接方法对添加铜箔中间层的NiTi形状记忆合金进行搭接焊,研究接头的表面形貌、界面形貌、相变行为、抗拉性能和断裂特点. 结果表明,超声波焊接能实现添加铜箔中间层的薄片状NiTi形状记忆合金的有效连接. NiTi焊缝表面存在明显压痕,界面处结合良好,无金属间化合物生成. NiTi形状记忆合金超声波焊缝呈可逆单相转变过程,接头强度达到母材的65%,断裂位置在母材区,断口形貌呈现韧性断裂特征. 超声波焊接方法将有效解决NiTi形状记忆合金采用传统熔焊方法时产生脆性金属间化合物的这一问题,为NiTi记忆合金的连接提供了新的解决途径.     

Influence of aging on damping behavior of TiNi/TiNi alloys synthesized by explosive welding

The influence of aging time, measuring frequency and strain amplitude on the internal friction of TiNi₅₁/TiNi_50.2 sandwich composite was investigated. The DSC and internal friction measurements were employed to characterize the sample. The two internal friction peaks of the specimen were confirmed corresponding to the reverse transformation of TiNi₅₁ and TiNi_50.2 component, respectively. The internal friction as a function of the temperature at different measuring frequencies was presented and it was found that the height of both internal friction peaks increased with decreasing frequency; however, the increase corresponding to TiNi_50.2 component was larger than that of TiNi₅₁ component. Furthermore, the internal friction of the TiNi/TiNi composite alloy decreased with increasing the measuring strain amplitude. The height of internal friction peak of TiNi₅₁ component increased with increasing the aging time, whereas that of the TiNi_50.2 component did not change significantly. The increase in internal friction of TiNi₅₁ appeared to be associated with the formation and growth of precipitate during the aging process.     

铸态镍钛形状记忆合金的断裂行为及显微组织(英文)

通过真空自耗电极熔炼法制备等原子比镍钛形状记忆合金。为了研究其断裂力学性能,进行铸态镍钛形状记忆合金的拉伸和压缩实验。为了更好地理解镍钛形状记忆合金的组织演变及断裂行为,分析铸态镍钛形状记忆合金及其断裂样品的显微组织。在拉伸加载下,镍钛形状记忆合金在750°C时具有较高的塑性,表现为韧性断裂,但在室温和-100°C时表现出较差的塑性,具有解理断裂和穿晶断裂的特征。在-100°C的压缩加载下,铸态镍钛形状记忆合金发生剪切断裂,剪切断裂面法线与压缩轴呈45°,具有解理断裂的特征,裂纹经由穿晶断裂而扩展。     

基于变温度场的镍钛形状记忆合金管滚珠旋压有限元模拟(英文)

作为一种新的尝试,在高温下应用滚珠旋压制造镍钛形状记忆合金管。将名义成分为Ni50.9Ti49.1(摩尔分数)的镍钛形状记忆合金棒料进行固溶处理,制成用于滚珠旋压的镍钛形状记忆合金管坯。以变温度场和本构方程为基础,用刚粘塑性有限元法来模拟镍钛形状记忆合金管的滚珠旋压,获得了温度场、应力场和应变场,并进行了旋压载荷预测。有限元模拟结果表明,在旋压件的主变形区有大约160℃的温升。从应力场和应变场可以看出,镍钛形状记忆合金管的外壁比内壁更容易满足塑性屈服准则,塑性变形区处于三向压应力状态。径向应变和切向应变为压缩应变,轴向应变为伸长应变。旋压载荷伴随滚珠旋压行程的变化对于预测旋压件的稳定流动具有重要的意义。     

近等原子比NiTi形状记忆合金的超弹性

研究了冷拔量、热处理工艺参数对Ｔｉ４９．８％Ｎｉ合金丝材的超弹性的影响。结果表明不同冷拔量、不同退火工艺处理的丝材获得完全超弹性的温度区间、超弹性特性都不相同，获得最大超弹性应变量的处理工艺为冷拔量３９％、退火温度７２３Ｋ、保温时间３０ｍｉｎ。     

超弹性NiTi合金丝激光点焊接头的组织和性能

采用脉冲激光焊研究了Ti-50.6%Ni(摩尔分数)合金细丝点焊,对比分析了接头与母材显微组织、相变行为、Ni含量、显微硬度及应力-应变曲线的变化.结果表明:当NiTi合金用做功能材料时,激光焊接是可取的;激光点焊接头熔化区由树枝晶组成,热影响区靠近熔池部分为粗大等轴晶,靠近母材部分为细小等轴晶;激光焊会造成Ni的蒸发,使接头中Ni含量降低0.2%(摩尔分数),从而影响接头的相变行为;接头抗拉强度可达母材的70%,可恢复应变达母材的92%.