基于RBF网络的P-GMAW焊缝成形过程建模

分析了薄板平板堆焊熔透的影响因素,利用径向基函数网络（RBFN）,建立了脉冲熔化极气体保护焊（P-GMAW）的焊缝成形过程模型.结果表明,在P-GMAW薄板堆焊中,以焊接规范为输入变量,利用该网络模型能很好的预测背面熔宽.     

基于摆动激光扫描的GMAW焊缝成形调控

将摆动激光与GMAW工艺复合,利用“8”字形摆动激光扫描液态熔池,对其温度场和流场进行调控,以改变熔池温度梯度,主动调控熔池流动以改善焊缝成形.在6061铝合金板材表面进行堆焊试验,重点探究了光丝间距、摆动幅度、激光功率对于焊缝成形的影响,采用高速摄像机拍摄激光扫描熔池过程.结果表明,摆动激光扫描可以有效抑制成形缺陷的发生,当摆动激光扫描熔池中部时可以获得最佳的焊缝成形效果.摆动激光扫描降低了熔池温度梯度分布,同时激光扫描产生的激光蒸发反力可以驱动熔池流动,促进了液态熔池的流动铺展,从而有效抑制了不规则焊缝成形缺陷,减少焊缝内部气孔和裂纹缺陷.调节摆动激光摆幅可以在一定范围内对焊缝宽度进行调控.     

基于摆动激光扫描的GMAW焊缝成形调控

将摆动激光与GMAW工艺复合,利用“8”字形摆动激光扫描液态熔池,对其温度场和流场进行调控,以改变熔池温度梯度,主动调控熔池流动以改善焊缝成形. 在6061铝合金板材表面进行堆焊试验,重点探究了光丝间距、摆动幅度、激光功率对于焊缝成形的影响,采用高速摄像机拍摄激光扫描熔池过程. 结果表明,摆动激光扫描可以有效抑制成形缺陷的发生,当摆动激光扫描熔池中部时可以获得最佳的焊缝成形效果. 摆动激光扫描降低了熔池温度梯度分布,同时激光扫描产生的激光蒸发反力可以驱动熔池流动,促进了液态熔池的流动铺展,从而有效抑制了不规则焊缝成形缺陷,减少焊缝内部气孔和裂纹缺陷. 调节摆动激光摆幅可以在一定范围内对焊缝宽度进行调控.     

P-GMAW电源外特性对焊接过程稳定性的影响

设计了一套具有阶梯外特性的脉冲熔化极气体保护焊(P-GMAW)电源,可根据负载工作点自动选择恒流、恒压、短路或空载特性. 研究了P-GMAW电源外特性对Q235低碳钢焊接过程稳定性的影响. 结果表明,基值为恒压特性时,电弧稳定性差,易熄弧或短路. 基值为恒流特性可减少飞溅及熄弧现象,但不能消除短路倾向. 基值为阶梯外特性,可有效减少甚至消除短路或熄弧现象,焊接过程稳定性好. 采用基值阶梯特性加峰值恒压特性组合时电弧稳定,抗干扰能力强,无飞溅及断弧现象,焊缝成形均匀.     

水下高压干式环境下压力及焊接参数对GMAW焊缝成形的影响

开展水下高压干法焊接试验研究,在焊接过程相对稳定的情况下,以环境压力、焊接电流、保护气成分、焊丝伸出长度为变量,探索其对于焊缝截面成形的影响规律. 采用正交试验方法,通过试验确定了焊缝熔深、熔宽及余高随上述变量的变化规律. 结果表明,随着环境压力增大,焊接飞溅增多,熔深增加,熔宽减小,余高增高;高压环境下,随着焊接电流增大,熔宽没有明显变化,熔深增加,余高略有增加;随着保护气中CO₂比例的增加,熔深减小,熔宽增加,余高变化不明显;随着焊丝伸出长度增加,熔深减小,熔宽增加,余高增加.     

P-GMAW正面熔透特征量及视觉传感方位

在焊缝成形过程控制中,由于受焊接结构的限制,常常需要从工件正面来检测熔透情况.文中分析了薄板脉冲熔化极气体保护焊(P-GMAW)全熔透过程的成形规律,从熔融金属体积量出发,提出了可以反映熔透的正面熔池及焊缝特征参量.从多个角度观察熔池,获取了清晰的脉冲基值期间熔池图像,针对所提出的特征参量,分析了各个观察视角的优缺点.针对管焊缝,研究了其水平视角传感方法.     

铝合金AC-P-MIG焊丝熔化速度与焊缝成形

铝合金AC—P—MIG焊丝熔化速度主要受焊接电流、BEN比率的影响,在相同BEN比率下,焊丝熔化速度随焊接电流的增大而增大;在相同电流下,焊丝熔化速度随着EN比率的增大而增大．由于阴阳极等效压降的不同及电弧形态特征的差异,随着BEN比率的增加,焊丝得到更有效、更多能量的加热,故熔化速度加快．在同样送丝速度与焊接速度下,随着BEN比率的增加,焊接电流减小,熔深、熔宽减小,余高显著增大．因此AC-P—MIG可以有效解决薄板焊接易烧穿问题,并且可以提高搭接间隙范围,实现薄板的高速、高质量焊接．     

脉冲电流相位差对双丝P-GMAW焊电弧稳定性及焊缝成形的影响

利用焊接过程参数与过程图像同步采集系统,研究了平均电流均为150 A时两脉冲电弧的电流相位差对电弧稳定性和焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,脉冲电流相位差为零(两电弧同相位)时,两峰值电弧相互吸引并融为一体,两基值电弧互不影响,焊接过程稳定,断弧现象很少,焊缝成形良好;随着脉冲电流相位差的增大,断弧现象逐渐增多,焊缝在宽度上出现不均匀;脉冲电流相位差为180°时,基值电弧被峰值电弧强烈吸引,以弧形跨越两焊丝之间的空间后融入峰值电弧中,弧长显著增长,断弧现象严重,重新引弧时引起较多飞溅,焊缝成形较差.     

基于红外透过滤光片的P-GMAW熔池图像传感

被动视觉熔池传感技术常采用窄带滤光片使熔池辐射较强而弧光较弱的某波长范围内的光进入摄像机,以抑制弧光干扰获得较清晰的熔池图像.在分析熔池辐射光谱分布、电弧光谱分布和摄像机光谱敏感曲线等影响熔池成像因素基础上,文中提出采用红外透过滤光片拍摄熔池图像,最大程度利用近红外波段熔池辐射能量高而电弧辐射弱的特点,同时透光波长范围的增加也避免了摄像机敏感性不足而导致的成像质量下降问题.P-GMAW熔池传感试验结果表明,红外透过滤光片能够较好的抑制弧光,在脉冲电流峰值和脉冲电流基值期间均可获得清晰和细节丰富的熔池图像.     

Investigation on arc sound and metal transfer modes for on-line monitoring in pulsed gas metal arc welding

The arc sound was found to be strongly related to both process parameters and weld quality, like voltage and current signals, in gas metal arc welding. In this investigation, the acquired welding arc sound signal along with current and voltage signals were analyzed in time domain as well as frequency domain to correlate them with the various process parameters and metal transfer modes. The arc sound of continuous as well as pulsed gas metal arc welding at various process parameters was also compared. A major variation of auxiliary arc sound frequency peaks was observed due to change of pulse shape as evidenced by frequency domain analysis. The arc sound was also used to detect welding defects.     

Modeling the keyhole shape and dimension in plasma arc welding

It is of great significance to model the keyhole shape and dimensions to optimize the plasma arc welding process parameters. In this study, through employing a combined volumetric heat source mode, the weld pool in keyhole plasma arc welding is determined firstly, and then the dynamic force-balance condition on the interface between the plasma jet and the molten metal is dealt with in describing the keyhole formation inside the weld pool. The effects of welding current on the shape and size of keyhole are numerically analyzed. The sharp transformation from a partial keyhole to a full-penetration keyhole is quantitatively demonstrated.     

脉冲逆变焊接电源建模与仿真

构建了包含输入、输出整流滤波和逆变、降压等电路的物理模型,通过非线性接口模型,研究了主回路和数字控制系统的整体建模与仿真.建立了动态焊接过程的系统数学模型,利用Matlab对焊接电源系统进行了仿真研究,然后定量分析了扰动作用下各物理量变化规律和系统动态响应过程,有效预测了脉冲MIG焊接电源的工作过程,指出了焊接电流和电弧电压控制的意义,为进一步研究指明了方向.     

Neural network modeling for weld shape process of P-GMAW

Weld shape control is a fundamental issue in automatic welding. In this paper, a double side visual system is established for pulsed gas metal arc welding （ P-GMAW） , and both topside and backside weld pool images can be captured and stored continuously in real time. By analyzing the weld shape regulation with the molten metal volume, some topside weld pool characterized parameters （WPCPs） are proposed for determining penetration in butt welding of thin mild steel. Moreover, some BP network models are established to predict backside Weld pool width with welding parameters and WPCPs as inputs.     

焊接电弧与活性组元对TIG焊熔池形貌影响的数值模拟

通过对FLUENT软件进行二次开发,建立了焊接电弧和焊接熔池模型,模拟分析了不同活性组元O元素含量下定点和移动TIG焊熔池形貌变化,对比了氩弧和氦弧的电弧参量及其对熔池形貌的影响.结果表明,由活性组元O元素含量变化导致的熔池内Marangoin对流变化是熔深增加的主要因素;在氩弧下,来自于电弧的气体剪切力对熔池形貌有较大影响;与氩弧相比,氦弧明显收缩,电流密度更大,更多的热量传递到熔池,增大了电磁力引起的内对流运动,可获得更深熔深.焊缝深宽比的模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好.

Abstract：

Welding arc and weld pool modeh were established by FLUENT software for spot and moving TIG welding of SUS304 stainless steel to investigate the effect of the surface-activating element oxygen on the weld shape and analyze the properties of argon arc and helium arc and their effects on the weld shape. The results show that the change of the Marangoni convection induced by different oxygen contents can be considered as one of the principal factors to increase penetration. The plasma drag force from the argon arc has obvious effect on the weld shape. Compared with the argon arc, the hehum arc is more constricted, the welding current density is much greater and the much more heat flux is transferred into the weld pool, which increase the inward convection induced by the electromagnetic force, thus the deeper weld depth can be obtained.The calculated weld D/W ratio agrees with that of the experiment.     

Modeling and simulating of unloading welding transformer

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摆动TIG焊搭接坡口数学建模与仿真

针对搭接坡口的特点,在摆动TIG焊搭接坡口电弧扫描的数学模型中采用电弧圆柱体体积的变化信号作为系统的输入信号,从而建立了系统的整体仿真模型.在保证工艺参数不变的情况下,比较分析了该模型的仿真结果与传统的利用焊枪高度变化为输入的模型的仿真结果以及实际的焊接波形之间的差异.结果表明,仿真结果与试验结果相吻合,证明该模型比传统的模型更为精确,更能反映实际情况.对搭接坡口的焊缝跟踪系统研究有一定的指导意义.     

钛合金电子束焊熔宽PID控制系统建模与仿真

由于焊接过程的复杂性,因此很难得到熔池动态过程的解析数学模型,使得焊接过程建模成为焊接过程控制的一大难题．为了建立电子束焊熔池动态过程模型,采用阶跃响应法确定出了钛合金电子束焊电子束流与熔宽的数学模型的类型和结构,计算出了该模型的参数,建立了电子束流与熔宽的传递函数模型．利用获得的电子束流与熔宽的数学模型,采用Z-N经验公式法确定出了PID控制器参数,在此基础上利用MATLAB／SIMULINK建模与仿真平台建立了钛合金电子束焊熔宽PID控制系统模型,并对该模型进行了仿真试验．结果表明,所设计的控制系统动态性能和稳态性能良好．     

Dynamic and control system analysis of two-wheeled robot for welding application

Aiming at the welding condition of space complex seam is uncertain and the intelligerwe of welding robot is unideal, a two-wheeled mobile robot is developed. It not only has the capacity of autonomous decision and avoiding obstacles, bat also can flexibly move and strongly adapt variable environment. The composition of the welding robot is described and the dynamic model is established. The feasible control strategy and control algorithm is pat forward. The simulation experiments of real world are conducted, the results are satisfying.