焊接过程中电弧超声对细化晶粒的影响

电弧不仅是一种热湃，还能被用为一种发射超声的声源。介绍了一种新的超声激励方法，并将其应用于焊接过程的晶粒细化之中。对在核设备中大量使用的低温钢09MnNiDR的实验结果证明了电弧超声在细化晶粒过程中的有效性。还详细地介绍了电弧超声作用的机理。并对电弧超声作用的过程作了进一步的分析。     

埋弧焊电弧超声激励及其热动力学效应

为研究电弧超声激励的一般规律和电弧超声的热力学与动力学效应，选择超声频段的高频激励源与常规工频埋弧焊电源进行电磁耦合，在燃弧过程中激励出电弧超声，并对声发射信号进行了频谱分析。采用大弧焊参数并分别施加不同的激励频率进行埋弧焊试验，对焊接试样的熔合区与热影响区形态进行观察，研究熔合区和热影响区在电弧超声影响下的形态变化规律，并据此对电弧超声的热力学和动力学效应进行了初步探讨。     

电弧超声焊接技术

通过碳钢、低温钢和钛合金的电弧超声焊接试验结果表明,电弧超声的传质和传热作用在焊接过程中细化了焊缝组织的晶粒,提高了焊接接头的冲击韧度和疲劳性能。同时小孔法和磁记忆检测法的测量结果表明,电弧超声焊接改善了焊缝区的应力分布,显示了电弧超声这种通用的外加超声场焊接技术的广泛应用前景。     

电弧超声对Q235A的SMAW焊缝组织和性能的影响

作为焊接电弧的热源，对其施加高频调制后可变成可控的超声发射源。通过对比常规SMAW和电弧超声作用下SMAW的Q235A焊缝组织，发现电弧超声能够细化熔合区晶粒，并使得粗晶区宽度变窄；同时．磁记忆检测法的结果表明，电弧超声改善了焊接接头的残余应力分布。     

电弧超声对Q235A的SMAW焊缝组织和性能的影响

作为焊接电弧的热源,对其施加高频调制后可变成可控的超声发射源。通过对比常规SMAW和电弧超声作用下SMAW的Q235A焊缝组织,发现电弧超声能够细化熔合区晶粒,并使得粗晶区宽度变窄;同时,磁记忆检测法的结果表明,电弧超声改善了焊接接头的残余应力分布。     

角焊缝未熔合的超声检测

介绍角焊缝未熔合的超声检测工艺,针对笔者单位目前某产品生产制造过程中存在的问题（未熔合的定性较为困难）进行解剖分析,从而优化检测工艺,更好地对缺陷进行定位、定性并对焊缝质量进行有效的控制。     

利用电弧超声改善电弧喷涂质量的研究

提出用电弧超声方法作为改善喷涂涂层质量的新方法。作为电弧喷涂的热源，在对其施加高频调制之后，喷涂电弧可以作为超声波的发射源而作用于喷嘴内的雾化微粒。超声波的空化效应，机械效应和热效应加强了喷涂材料的雾化效果。从能量的角度研究了电弧超声的应用使得喷涂粒子的粒度变小，飞行速度加快，提高了喷涂的生产效率，制备出的涂层强度提高，孔隙率降低的机理。     

HQ130高强钢焊接熔合区的精细组织特征

采用光镜、电镜（ＳＥＭ,ＴＥＭ）和电子衍射技术对ＨＱ１３０钢（σｂ≥１３００ＭＰａ）焊接合区的精细组织结构进行了研究,试验结果表明：尽管ＨＱ１３０钢熔合区半熔化区是经δ→γ→α（ＭＬ）转变后形成的组织,但母材基体焊缝金属连生结晶的有序性未受到破坏。ＣＯ２和Ａｒ＋ＣＯ２气体保护焊接条件下ＨＱ１３０钢熔合区宽度为２０～６０μｍ,熔合区组织由ＭＬ、ＡＦ、ＰＦ、Ｂｇ等不同类型的组织相互交叉构成,具有明显的     

高频调制电弧超声发射及其物理特性

由于传统的超声发射方法在实际焊接过程中的局限,提出了一种新的超声发生机构。利用高频功率电子开头逆变技术,在TIG焊接电弧回路中施加调制信号,对应着调制电流的上升沿和下降沿可分别激发出电弧超声。在调制度不大时,传声器接收到的声信号幅值和调制电流成正比。当调制脉宽超过一定值后,上升沿和下降沿激发出的超声信号可分开。试验表明,高频调制电弧的伏安特性更为无序。通过波动方程和对调制电弧物理特性的分析,解释了电弧超声产生的原因和声信号特征,电弧超声发射对于控制焊接过程、提高接头质量具有很高的工程价值。     

异种钢熔合区马氏体相变过程及组织

高温金相显微镜观察发现,珠光体钢（ＺＧ２０ｓＩＭｎ）与奥氏体焊材料（Ａ３０７、Ａ４５７）事区确实民氏体相,且在４００℃至室温均有相变产生。经透射电镜观察,熔合区本为低低碳梅氏体,亚条马氏体,亚结构主要是位错,有少量昌亚结构。熔龠我碳化物主要生于焊后热处理过程中,其类型主为要Ｍ２３Ｃ６,也有部分Ｍ７Ｃ３。碳化物主要在马氏体上以及马氏体或铁素体和奥氏体界面析出。马氏体带、碳化物带宽度主要受Ｎdisplay st     

Effect of pulsed ultrasonic on arc acoustic binding in pulsed ultrasonic wave-assisted pulsed gas tungsten arc welding

This paper investigated the effect of pulsed ultrasonic on the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld joints using novel pulsed ultrasonic wave-assisted pulsed gas tungsten arc welding. The principle of proposed method was to apply pulsed ultrasonic to the welding process during background current. The results indicated that arc contraction degree, weld pool oscillation, and weld penetration were remarkably enhanced by applying pulsed ultrasonic. The microstructure refined by pulsed ultrasonic was much finer than those refined by continuous ultrasonic due to the more stable ultrasonic field in arc zone and consequent stronger fluid flow in weld pool. Furthermore, tensile strength of the joints with pulsed ultrasonic was significantly improved compared with that of the joints with no and continuous ultrasonic.     

The arc characteristic of ultrasonic assisted TIG welding

Many applications of ultrasonic-assisted methods were used during metal solidification, but they could not be introduced into weld pool. In this paper, a way of ultrasonic assisted TIG welding is introduced. By directly imposed ultrasonic vibration on welding arc, the vibration interacts with arc plasma and passes to the weld pool. Measurement results show that arc pressure is significantly increased with the ultrasonic vibration and the arc pressure distribution models are changed. Bead-on-plate welding tests on SUS304 confirm that this technology can influence the style of metal melting and increase weld penetration depth.     

Plasma-MIG复合电弧焊接特性分析

采用Plasma-MIG复合电弧对Q235低碳钢进行堆焊试验,对焊接过程中复合电弧形态、电弧空间分布、焊缝成形及细晶原理进行了分析.结果表明,Plasma-MIG复合电弧焊接过程中,外层等离子电弧单独存在,内层MIG电弧在焊丝端部与外层等离子弧耦合.复合电弧空间温度分布均匀,高温停留时间短,冷却速度快.Plasma-MIG复合电弧在大的等离子电流下,促进填充金属润湿铺展,焊缝熔宽大,成形美观.相同热输入量条件下,等离子电流增大能够促进晶粒自发形核,原奥氏体晶粒及焊缝组织得到细化.     

Effects of ac arc ultrasonic on plasma arc in situ welding of SiCp/6061Al MMCs

Abstract

The isolation coupling device is designed based on the principle of high pass filter circuit, which can achieve isolation and coupling between ac welding power and ultrasonic frequency excitation source. In addition, ac arc ultrasonic vibration is obtained successfully. The plasma arc in situ welding of SiCp/6061Al was performed using two different processes. The first process is that the plasma gas is argon nitrogen mixture and the filler material is flux cored wire (Al–5Ti–5Si); the other process is that the plasma gas is argon and the filler material is flux cored wire (Al–15Ti–3Si). The two joints are respectively enhanced by nitride and Al₃Ti, which were obtained in these processes. After arc ultrasonic vibrations were imposed on the two welding processes, it was revealed that arc ultrasonic improved the distribution of the new nitride phases and optimised the morphology of Al₃Ti to improve the mechanical properties of joints that reached 246 and 263 MPa. Fracture analysis showed that the improvement of the mechanical properties resulting from Al₃Ti is better than that from nitride under the effect of arc ultrasonic.     

Production and bond strength of similar-titanium ultrasonic welded joints

The joinability of unalloyed titanium and the bond strength of similar titanium welded joints by ultrasonic welding were investigated. It turned out that sound welded joints of similar titanium were obtained by using the jig for fixing both base metals. In the case of non-fixing and fixing the lower base metal, sound welded joints were not usually obtained due to the slip between the two base metals. Producing welded joints having sufficient bond strength required a certain threshold value of the ultrasonic energy. When the ultrasonic welding was carried out under the condition where the ultrasonic energy was higher than a threshold value (approximately 2000 W s), the welded joints were fractured within the titanium base metal but not at the interface. The values of the bond strength were associated with the fixing method and the surface roughness of the base metals. The bond interface was joined metallurgically for the most part, although some small voids were observed on the bond interface by SEM and EPMA observation.     

Effects of ultrasonic pulsation of the welding current on the geometry of the fusion zone and heat-affected zone in submerged arc welding

This paper proposes investigation of an arc ultrasonic excitation technique in the SAW process in order to evaluate the main parameters’ influence associated with pulsed current on weld beads, such as the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic excitation current. Therefore, an experimental bench was assembled, which consists of two power sources: a conventional welding source and another able to provide pulse current at ultrasonic frequencies. During the tests two ultrasonic excitation current amplitudes were employed, 25 A and 50 A, each one in three different pulse frequencies, 20, 50 and 80 kHz. Macrographs of these welds are observed, and width, penetration, molten area and heat-affected zone area (HAZ) are measured. As a result, contrary to information available in the literature, there were no significant changes in weld bead geometry, as well as in the HAZ, that could be attributed to the current excitation in studied frequencies.     

超声波处理对工业纯铝晶粒细化的影响

试验研究了超声波处理时问和功率对工业纯铝晶粒细化程度的影响。结果表明,随着超声波处理时间的延长,工业纯铝的晶粒细化;随着超声波处理功率的增加,晶粒细化,但是细化程度逐渐减弱,超声波功率与晶粒细化作用之间有一阈值。     

超声等离子焊接在液压支架修复工艺中的应用

为提升液压支架修复的可靠性和经济性,对超声等离子焊接的应用效果进行了数值模拟和试验研究。根据所设计超声等离子弧焊系统的焊枪结构与焊接工艺参数建立了超声场有限元模型,基于COMSOL求解等离子气体的速度场、电弧密度场和声压场。对修复后的液压支架试样进行了显微硬度、残余应力及冲击韧性等力学性能测试。结果表明,超声波可在同等条件下将电弧压力提升20%以上,并在4 mm电弧直径内显著增强电流密度,有效减小热影响区范围和残余应力;等离子气体流速与电弧密度在靠近支架焊缝区域以近似相反的变化趋势分布,二阶特征频率振源能够在电极附近产生驻波;修复后支架的平均硬度和室温冲击吸收能量相比母材分别提升了44.6%和45.8%。创新点：(1)根据所设计超声等离子弧焊系统的结构特点建立与之匹配的超声场有限元模型,基于COMSOL求解模型内等离子气体的速度场、电弧密度场和声压场。(2)为验证超声波对综合力学性能的改善效果,对修复后的试样进行力学性能测试与对比分析,包括显微硬度、残余应力和冲击韧性等。     

超声振动对CMT电弧增材制造铝合金组织与性能的影响

为减少电弧增材制造铝合金中的气孔及粗大晶粒,采用超声振动辅助CMT电弧增材制造的方法堆焊4043铝合金薄壁件,研究了超声振幅对沉积态材料微观组织及力学性能的影响。研究发现,熔池内部枝晶在超声振动的作用下发生破碎,使得熔池内部液态金属形核率增大,细化晶粒,粗大柱状晶粒也在熔池振动搅拌下转变为细小等轴晶粒。与未使用超声振动辅助的试样相比,平均晶粒尺寸减少了22.5%。同时超声振动引起的空化及声流效应使得试样中气孔尺寸以及数量减小。但随着超声振幅的增加,熔池内部的能量逐渐加大,热输入的增加也使得晶粒发生粗化现象。过大的超声能量破坏了焊缝的结构完整性,导致焊缝内部出现孔洞。施加超声振动试样的抗拉强度较未施加时上升了8.2%~16.3%,且随着超声振幅的增大,抗拉强度及断后伸长率的各向异性逐渐减小。