Ti60钛合金/GH3128高温合金电子束焊接头脆裂原因分析

对Ti60钛合金和GH3128高温合金进行了电子束焊接,对接头显微组织、相成分和显微硬度进行分析. 结果表明,Ti60和GH3128电子束焊接性较差,在焊后产生裂纹. 焊缝内生成TiNi,Ti2Ni,TiCr2和TiNi3等脆性化合物,使得接头脆性增大. 焊缝区的硬度高于母材,钛侧焊缝区硬度值水平略高于镍侧焊缝区. 接头残余应力数值分析表面接头存在较大的横向残余拉应力,应力峰值达到704 MPa,使得钛/镍电子束焊接头在焊后随即开裂.     

TA2/不锈钢/Q235复合板的界面结构和失效行为

采用热轧复合法制备了TA2/不锈钢/Q235复合板,并对其开展了不同温度的轧后退火处理.利用扫描电镜、能谱以及X射线衍射等分析了退火温度对复合板界面附近微观组织、金属间化合物等特征的影响.通过显微硬度计和平面内压缩试验研究了退火温度对复合板变形以及力学性能的影响.结果 表明:从不锈钢侧到钛侧,界面依次由σ相(富Cr的Fe基固溶体)、X相(富Cr的TiFe2相)、TiCr2 +TiFe2 TiFe等化合物组成.随着退火温度的升高,σ相和TiFe的层厚相较于X相和TiCr2 +TiFe2增加更明显.显微硬度测试表明,随着退火温度的升高,Q235层硬度逐渐降低,而Ti层硬度则是先降低后升高,硬度升高主要与元素扩散有关.平面内压缩过程中,会发生TA2与不锈钢之间的层间开裂,且随着退火温度的升高,层间开裂越早,这主要与越厚的金属间化合物易萌生裂纹有关.     

焊接工艺对TP304钢焊缝金属组织及性能的影响

针对TP304不锈钢,采用三种不同的焊接工艺方法,选取合适的焊接工艺参数,成功制备三组完整的焊接接头.通过X荧光化学成分分析、显微组织观察和显微硬度试验研究了不同焊接方法对TP304不锈钢焊缝金属组织和性能的影响.结果表明,不同焊接方法下焊缝合金成分有所差异,且分布不均;各焊层显微组织形态和晶粒大小差异较大;整个接头的硬度值分布并不均匀,焊缝高于热影响区,热影响区高于母材.三种焊接方法相比,TIG-MAG焊缝的硬度值最大,TIG-SMAW的最小.对于薄板不锈钢焊接,TIG-MAG组合焊法优选.     

铝/AlSi7/钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能研究

对5A02与0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的电子束焊接进行了研究,结果表明,5A02与0Cr18Ni9不锈钢电子束焊接性较差,存在接头裂纹敏感性强,最佳工艺区间范围窄的问题.为了进一步提高接头的力学性能,需要引入中间层金属,一方面降低接头中的残余应力,另一方面通过中间层的冶金作用减少接头中的脆性组织或改善脆性相的分布情况.综合考虑异种金属焊接熔点、塑性等物理性能方面的要求,初步选择AlSi7作为铝/钢电子束焊接的中间层.对引入中间层后的接头显微组织和力学性能进行了分析,焊缝内生成连续分布的FeAl3化合物相.这些化合物相是产生裂纹的主要原因,并且显著降低接头抗拉强度.     

异种钛合金TA15与Ti2AlNb激光焊接显微组织及力学性能研究

介绍了异种钛合金(TA15与Ti2AlNb)激光焊接工艺,分析了焊接接头的显微组织、显微硬度分布及室温、550℃高温时的拉伸性能。研究结果表明:焊缝区获得B2相、O相和α2相组成的混合组织,TA15侧热影响区主要为针状马氏体,Ti2AlNb侧热影响区组织主要为B2相和少量的α2相;TA15热影响区显微硬度值高于TA15母材,Ti2AlNb热影响区显微硬度值低于Ti2AlNb母材,在焊缝中心显微硬度值最低;室温时的拉伸断裂发生在焊缝处,断口特征为解理断裂,550℃高温时的拉伸断裂位置在TA15母材上,断口特征为韧窝。     

铁素体不锈钢/奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头的组织和性能

对443铁素体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头的显微组织以及其对显微硬度和冲击韧性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:焊缝显微组织由δ铁素体+奥氏体两相组成,焊缝不同区域δ铁素体形貌和含量存在明显差异;焊缝显微硬度随δ铁素体形貌和含量变化而变化,针状δ铁素体使焊缝显微硬度提高;443铁素体不锈钢母材及热影响区的冲击韧性较差,且随温度的降低,其冲击吸收功显著降低,室温时为韧性断裂,-20℃时发生脆性断裂。     

TA15钛合金与铝合金TIG焊接头组织分析

本文采用4043焊丝和纯Al焊丝（SAI-3）对TA15钛合金与2024铝合金以及TA15钛合金与5A06铝合金进行了钨极氩弧焊（TIG）。采用金相显微镜和显微硬度计对TA15／2024及TA15／5A06接头焊缝、熔合区以及热影响区进行显微组织分析和显微硬度测定。试验结果表明,采用钨极氩弧焊方法,控制焊接电压20V,焊接电流105A,焊接速度在90～95mm／mjn时,TA15钛合金与铝合金接头熔合良好。其中采用4043焊丝,TA15／5A06接头区显微组织分布均匀,与TA15／2024接头相比,接头近钛合金一侧熔合区Ti-Al金属间化合物较少;采用纯铝焊丝（SAI-3）,TA15与铝合金焊接时,接头区出现明显的显微硬度升高的脆性组织。     

深冷处理下304LN不锈钢焊接接头的显微组织与显微硬度研究

奥氏体304LN不锈钢广泛应用于核工业中.利用TIG焊接来焊接不锈钢板,在304LN焊接接头处取样,分别以2 K/min和5K/min速率及液氮浸泡的方式进行深冷处理,利用THVS-1MDX-AXY半自动显微维氏硬度计检测深冷前后304LN焊接接头的焊缝、母材、熔合区及热影响区的显微硬度分布及变化特征.研究表明:深冷处...     

TC4/TA17异种钛合金激光焊接接头显微组织和力学性能

研究TC4/TA17异种钛合金激光焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,TC4/TA17异种钛合金激光焊接头焊缝的显微组织为片状α′马氏体,TC4侧靠近母材的热影响区和TA17侧靠近母材的热影响区只发生α相向β相转变,TC4侧靠近焊缝的显微组织为残余α相+针状α′马氏体,TA17侧靠近焊缝的显微组织为残余α相+片状α′马氏体。TC4/TA17异种钛合金激光焊接头的显微硬度呈不对称分布,焊缝的显微硬度最高,TA17母材显微硬度最低。TC4/TA17异种钛合金激光焊接接头断裂在TA17母材,断口呈现韧性断裂形貌。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢脉冲Nd:YAG固体激光焊和TIG焊焊缝耐腐蚀性能对比研究

利用硫酸-硫酸铜溶液对0.6mm厚304不锈钢Nd:YAG固体脉冲激光焊焊接接头耐腐蚀性能进行了试验研究,并与其TIG焊焊接接头及母材的耐腐蚀性能做了对比分析.结果表明,通过腐蚀前后显微组织发现母材没有晶间腐蚀现象,脉冲激光焊焊缝有轻微腐蚀,而TIG焊焊缝在晶界出现了较为明显的晶间腐蚀沟,腐蚀沟沿晶界有网状分布特征.通过腐蚀前后的显微硬度比较发现,脉冲激光焊焊缝最大硬度大于TIG焊焊缝,大于母材,TIG焊焊缝有部分低于母材的硬度区.提出了提高304不锈钢激光焊焊缝耐晶间腐蚀性能的方法和措施.     

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with copper interlayer sheet

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with a copper sheet as interlayer was carried out.Microstructures of the joint were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).In addition,the mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated by tensile test and the microhardness was measured.These two alloys were successfully welded by adding copper transition layer into the weld.Solid solution with a certain thickness was located at the interfaces between weld and base metal in both sides.Regions inside the weld and near the stainless steel were characterized by solid solution of copper with TiFe2 intermetallics dispersedly distributed in it.While weld near titanium alloy contained Ti-Cu and Ti-Fe-Cu intermetallics layer,in which the hardness of weld came to the highest value.Brittle fracture occurred in the intermetallics layer when the joint was stretched.     

采用不同结构Cu/V填充层的钛合金/不锈钢电子束焊接试验

对采用不同结构Cu/V填充层的钛合金与不锈钢电子束焊接头横截面形貌、微观组织及力学性能进行了分析.结果表明,采用片层结构的Cu/V填充层进行焊接时,焊缝组织由钒基固溶体、铜基固溶体及铁基固溶体组成,但由于焊缝底部有钢层未熔,形成未熔合缺陷,接头强度为288 MPa.采用楔形结构的Cu/V填充层,在保持接头固溶体过渡组织结构特征的同时,消除了未熔合缺陷,接头抗拉强度达到385 MPa.未熔钒层为接头力学性能薄弱区域,不同结构填充层的焊接接头断裂均发生于未熔钒层处.     

填丝TIG焊TA15钛合金与18-8钢接头的微观组织

以铜焊丝为填充材料对TA15钛合金与18-8不锈钢进行填丝钨极氩弧焊（TIG）.利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、电子探针（EPMA）及显微硬度计对TA15/18-8接头的微观组织、相组成、元素分布及显微硬度进行了分析.结果表明,焊缝组织为铜固溶体枝晶;TA15钛合金侧熔化未混合区为α-Ti与磷化物脆性相Ti₃P,Ti（Cu,Fe）的混合组织;18-8不锈钢侧熔合区为Fe-P共晶组织;磷在18-8不锈钢侧熔合区的聚集促进了共晶组织的形成,未参与共晶反应的铜形成团状聚集区;两侧熔合区显微硬度明显高于热影响区和焊缝,Ti₃P脆性相导致钛合金侧熔化未混合区的显微硬度最高值达720 HV0.5.     

Contact Reactive Joining of TA15 and 304 Stainless Steel Via a Copper Interlayer Heated by Electron Beam with a Beam Deflection

TA15 titanium alloy and 304 stainless steel were joined via a copper interlayer heated by electron beam with a beam deflection towards the stainless steel. Microstructures of the joints were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The tensile strengths of the joints and the ultramicrohardness of the intermetallic compounds were also measured. The results showed that the joint was formed by three kinds of metallurgical processes. Copper interlayer and TA15 were joined by contact reaction with the reaction products of CuTi, Cu₄Ti₃, and Cu₂Ti. While copper interlayer and 304 stainless steel were joined by fusion and solid state diffusion process. Tensile strength of the joint can reach to 300?MPa, equivalent to 55% of that of 304 stainless steel. Furthermore, the tensile strength was mostly dependent on the volume of the unmelted copper sheet, although the intermetallics layer was the weakest location in the joint.     

Studies on weldability of iron-based powder metal alloys using pulsed gas tungsten arc welding process

The extended use of powder metal components can be improved by the use of welding joining methods. This work investigates the weldability of iron-based powder metal alloys (Fe–Ni, Fe–Ni–P alloys) using the pulsed gas tungsten arc welding process (GTAW) with three different filler metals (AWS R 70S-6, AWS R 309L, AWS R Fe–Ni). Results revealed that the Fe–Ni powder metal alloy does not present any metallurgical difficulty concerning the weldability for all types of filler metal studied. The Fe–Ni–P powder metal alloy, microstructural examinations showed that, despite its high content of phosphorus (0.25 wt%), the utilization of pulsed GTAW process with stainless steel 309L filler metal resulted in welds free of porosities and solidification cracks. Metallographics examinations suggest that the absence of solidification cracks in this alloy can be mainly attributed to the presence of delta ferrite in the stainless steel weld metal which absorbed part of the phosphorus and significantly reduced the formation of the Fe₃P low-melting eutectic in the weld pool during cooling. In contrast, solidification cracks were observed when joining the Fe–Ni–P powder metal alloy using RFe–NI and R70S-6 filler metals. Hardness tests carried out indicated a heat affected zone (HAZ) with no excessive hardening for all alloys studied. Furthermore, tensile tests showed that the fractures always occurred in the base metal with tensile strength slightly superior to the value of unwelded samples. As a result, this investigation showed the feasibility of joining iron-based powder metal alloys by the pulsed GTAW process since a rigid control of the heat input is implemented together with an adequate choice of the filler metal, especially when welding the Fe–Ni–P alloy.     

添加QCr0.8阻隔层的钛/钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能

采用1.5 mm厚QCr0.8铬青铜作为阻隔层进行了TA15钛合金与304不锈钢的电子束焊接,重点分析了焊接接头的横截面形貌、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,焊缝中存在约0.5 mm宽的未熔QCr0.8阻隔层,实现了Ti元素与Fe元素的物理隔离,避免了Ti-Fe化合物的形成。铜/钢侧焊缝由铜基固溶体与铁基固溶体组成。而钛/铜侧焊缝中V元素的加入很好地抑制了Ti-Cu界面化合物的大量生成,焊缝组织由铜基固溶体、(Ti,V)基固溶体及少量Ti-Cu化合物组成,提高了该区域的强度和塑性。未熔铜阻隔层在热作用下发生软化,接头拉伸断裂发生在未熔的QCr0.8上,接头抗拉强度为293 MPa,为塑性断裂模式。     

Microstructure,hardness and residual stress distribution in maraging steel gas tungsten arc weldments

Abstract

The distribution of residual stresses due to welding has been studied in maraging steel welds. Gas tungsten arc welding process was used and the effect of filler metal composition on the nature of residual stress distribution has been investigated using X-ray diffraction technique with Cr K_α radiation. Three types of filler materials were used, they include: maraging filler, austenitic stainless steel and medium alloy medium carbon steel filler metal. In the case of maraging steel weld, medium alloy medium carbon filler, the residual stress at the centre of the weld zone was more compressive while, less compressive stresses have been identified in the heat affected zone of the parent metal adjacent to the weld metal. But, in the case of austenitic stainless steel filler the residual stresses at the centre of the weld and heat affected zone were tensile. Post-weld aging treatment reduced the magnitude of stresses. The observed residual stress distribution across the weldments has been correlated with microstructure and hardness distribution across the weld.     

Formation of interfacial brittle phases sigma phase and IMC in hybrid titanium-to-stainless steel joint

The microstructures of the brazed joints for commercially pure Ti and stainless steel were investigated by the applications of various filler alloys including Ag-, Ti-, Zr- and Ni-based alloys. Generally, the dissimilar joints between Ti and stainless steel were dominated by the Ti-based intermetallic compounds (IMCs), e.g. (Ti, Zr)₂(Fe, Ni), TiFe, TiCu, and Ti₂(Fe, Ni), due to a significant dissolution of Ti from the base metal. The (Fe-Cr) σ phase was also observed near the stainless steel due to a segregation of Cr into the interface region. This research demonstrates empirically that the brittleness of the Ti and stainless steel joint can not be avoided only by applying single braze alloy or single insert metal, and thus an introduction of additional suitable interlayer between the filler alloy and the base metal is necessary to prevent the brittleness of the joint.     

Inconel 718镍基合金与304不锈钢电子束焊接

对Inconel 718镍基合金与304不锈钢进行了电子束焊接试验,分析了接头显微组织及力学性能. 结果表明,焊缝区中部由枝晶及细小的等轴晶组成,在近镍侧及近钢的熔合线,都由向焊缝中心方向生长的树枝晶组成. 各特征区域显微硬度值各不相同,焊缝区高于镍基合金侧,高于不锈钢侧. 当焊接束流为8 mA,焊接速度为700 mm/min时,接头的抗拉强度最高为722 MPa. 拉伸试样断裂发生于焊缝区内部,呈典型的延性断裂,断口可观察到明显等轴状韧窝.