连续点焊电极烧损对镁合金点焊质量的影响

采用三相逆变点焊机对AZ31B镁合金薄板进行连续点焊。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机等检测技术研究了连续点焊过程中电极烧损对镁合金表面成形、熔核尺寸和抗剪力的影响。结果表明,随着焊点数的增加,焊点压痕变大,表面成形变差,熔核尺寸减小,熔核出现双核状,抗剪力总体减小。在熔核直径约4 mm、抗剪力在1200 N左右时抗剪断裂由纽扣式断裂向结合面断裂转变。     

镁合金/镀锌钢板电阻点焊接头拉剪断裂分析

针对2.0 mm厚的AZ31B镁合金以及1.0 mm厚的SPHC镀锌钢板,采用kDWJ-17型三相次级整流电阻焊机进行焊接试验,通过对接头的金相观察、扫描电镜分析,结合原子结合能研究点焊接头拉剪断裂特征.结果表明,点焊接头断裂的形式呈现结合面断裂和纽扣断裂两种方式,纽扣断裂抗拉剪力学性能优于结合面断裂,纽扣断裂断口是以韧性断口为主,脆性断裂为辅的混合断口.熔核区以Fe-Al化合物为主时发生纽扣断裂,熔合线边缘晶粒尺寸粗大以及熔核区Fe-Al化合物结合能大,使其断裂位置在熔合线边缘.熔核区以Mg-Zn化合物为主时发生结合面断裂,其Mg-Zn化合物结合能偏小,容易被拉断.     

镁合金电阻点焊接头的拉剪断裂

采用体视显微镜、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等设备研究了镁合金电阻点焊接头的断裂模式和断口形貌。结果表明,在拉剪试验中,接头断裂模式主要有两种,即结合面断裂和纽扣断裂。熔核内的结晶裂纹对结合面断裂接头性能影响较大,而对纽扣断裂接头性能影响不大。对于纽扣断裂,裂纹在熔核的胞状树枝晶区萌生,而后沿着熔核周围的胞状树枝晶区迅速扩展,并沿板厚方向依次通过热影响区和母材。结合面断裂断口表面具有金属光泽,且较为平整。而纽扣断裂断口形貌在不同位置上具有不同的特点,这些特点与不同位置所受的应力状态有关。     

镁合金电阻点焊接头断裂行为的有限元分析

综合考虑熔核尺寸、工件翘曲变形、电极压痕等因素建立了三维弹塑性有限元模型,分析了镁合金电阻点焊接头的应力、应变场分布特点,以揭示焊点断裂产生的原因.结果显示,由于电阻点焊接头在受力时熔核是主要的承栽部位,在熔核边缘与板缝结合处由于几何非线性和材料的非线性将出现应力集中,这是点焊接头受力时最薄弱的环节,裂纹从这里萌生,沿熔核边缘高应力区扩展.镁合金点焊接头断裂均为沿焊点熔核的纽扣形撕裂,断裂属于韧性断裂.     

喷丸对镁/钢焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用TIG电弧为热源,AZ31B镁合金焊丝为填充材料,对AZ31B镁合金和镀锌双相钢进行熔钎焊连接。焊后采用高能喷丸工艺对镁/钢焊接接头进行强化处理,结合BSE、XRD、光学显微镜以及万能拉伸试验机等检测方法对AZ31B镁合金和镀锌双相钢的TIG熔钎焊接头微观组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:当喷丸强度为0.10 MPa时,镁/钢接头具有最大抗拉强度242 MPa,接头熔焊区的平均晶粒尺寸减小至34μm,且接头最大残余压应力达到81MPa;接头断裂位置位于镁合金母材,断面呈现良好的塑性断裂特征。     

电极形状对AZ31镁合金点焊接头质量的影响

采用球面电极-平面电极和锥电极-锥电极焊接1 mm的AZ31镁合金,研究了不同电极形状焊接条件下,焊接电流、焊接时间对点焊接头的抗剪切力和焊点结晶形态的影响规律,分别确定了球面电极-平面电极和锥电极-锥电极焊接AZ31镁合金的最佳工艺规范.研究了电极形状对AZ31镁合金焊点中裂纹等缺陷的影响,对比分析了最佳工艺条件下,两种电极形状点焊接头的质量.结果表明,电极形状对镁合金焊点的抗剪切力及熔核结晶形态有显著影响,采用锥电极-锥电极可明显减少焊接缺陷的产生,获得更均匀的等轴晶熔核,有效地提高AZ31镁合金的焊点强度.     

AZ31B镁合金表面喷熔Al涂层的组织和性能

目的提高AZ31B镁合金的耐蚀性。方法采用氧乙炔在AZ31B镁合金表面喷熔Al涂层,对喷熔的Al涂层进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析,采用能谱仪(EDS)对涂层进行面扫描检测涂层元素的分布情况。利用电化学分析法、浸泡试验检测喷熔涂层的耐蚀性,用维氏硬度计测试喷熔涂层的硬度。结果喷熔的Al涂层与AZ31B镁合金基体结合良好,呈现冶金结合。喷涂过程中,喷熔的Al涂层呈等轴晶生长。通过面扫描结果可知,喷熔涂层中发现Mg元素,说明基体中的Mg元素发生了扩散。通过电化学测试可知,喷熔Al涂层的自腐蚀电压为-1.45 V,比AZ31B镁合金的自腐蚀电压(-1.5 V)降低了0.05 V;喷熔Al涂层的自腐蚀电流密度为1.58×10~(-4) A/cm~2,约为AZ31B镁合金自腐蚀电流密度(8.66×10-4 A/cm2)的1/5。由浸泡实验可知,喷熔Al涂层的平均腐蚀速率约为AZ31B镁合金的1/5倍。喷熔Al涂层的显微硬度是AZ31B镁合金基体硬度的2.9倍。结论喷熔Al涂层的组织较好,性能比镁合金基体有所提高。     

镁-裸钢板异种金属冷金属过渡熔钎焊连接机理

以AZ61镁合金焊丝为填充材料,对AZ31B镁合金/Q235裸钢板进行冷金属过渡熔钎焊试验研究,分析不同工艺参数对焊缝成形和力学性能的影响. 并通过分析焊接接头微观组织及其元素分布状况来研究其连接机理. 研究结果表明:随着送丝速度的增加,接头最大抗拉载荷先升高后降低,当焊缝宽度较大时,断裂易发生在镁的热影响区,其最大抗拉载荷可达6 kN以上;焊缝及镁合金中的Al原子通过焊接过程扩散到界面上形成很薄的Fe-Al相反应层,从而实现了镁、裸钢板的有效连接.     

AZ31B镁合金点焊接头拉剪断裂特征

针对板厚2 mmAZ31B镁合金板材在DZ-3×100三相次级整流点焊机上进行焊接.通过对其焊接接头的拉剪试验、金相显微观察、断口SEM分析、XRD分析,研究了镁合金点焊接头拉剪断裂特征.结果表明,点焊接头拉剪断裂呈现拉剪撕裂和整核断裂两种断裂形式.熔核处断口为韧性-脆性混合型断裂,母材断口处呈现一典型的韧性断裂特征.熔核与母材的物相基本一致.母材焊后,晶界及晶面上析出硬而脆的Mg17Al12金属间化合物,且所占比例远远超过母材基体,熔核区域的断裂倾向增大,Mg17Al12金属间化合物在XRD图谱上衍射峰强.     

半连续铸造AZ31B镁合金的热压缩变形行为

针对半连续铸造的AZ31B镁合金,采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟机在变形温度为473～723 K、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1、最大变形量为80%条件下进行热/力模拟研究;结合热变形后的显微组织,分析合金力学性能与显微组织之间的关系。结果表明:当变形温度一定时,流变应力和应变速率之间存在对数关系,并可用包含Arrheniues项的Z参数描述半连续铸造的AZ31B镁合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为;实验合金在523 K时开始发生动态回复;随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低,动态再结晶开始对AZ31B合金的变形行为产生明显影响,在变形温度623 K以上的各种应变速率下,AZ31B镁合金易变形。     

Optimization design of resistance spot welding parameters of magnesium alloy

By means of the quadratic regression combination design process, the regression equations of nugget diameter and tensile shear load of spot welded joint were established. Effects of welding parameters on the nugget diameter and the tensile shear load were investigated. The results show that effect of welding current on nugget diameter is the most evident. And higher welding current will result in bigger nugget diameter. Besides, interaction effect of electrode force and welding current on tensile shear load is the most evident compared with others. The optimum welding parameters corresponding to the maximum of tensile shear load have been obtained by programming using Matlab software, which is 4, 7 kN electrode force, 28 kA welding current and 4 cycle welding time. Under the condition of the optimum welding parameters, the joint having no visible defects can be obtained, nugget diameter and tensile shear load being 6. 8 mm and 3 256 N, respectively.     

AZ31镁合金及其TIG焊接接头断裂机理研究

对AZ31镁合金及其焊接接头进行拉伸、冲击和疲劳试验,分析了镁合金的断裂机理及疲劳裂纹扩展方向.母材拉伸试验结果表明,试样几乎没有缩颈,抗拉强度为236.29 MPa;焊接接头的抗拉强度为185.68 MPa,拉伸断裂从焊接接头焊趾部位启裂,抗拉强度为母材的78%.冲击试验在-80～340 ℃进行,结果表明,在较低温度下AZ31镁合金冲击韧性较小,断口为准解理形貌的脆性断裂;随着温度的增加,断裂形式由准解理+韧窝形貌的混合断裂过渡为韧性断裂;在常温下焊缝中心的冲击韧性比母材的高,但热影响区的冲击韧性较差.AZ31B镁合金母材的疲劳强度为66.72 MPa,对接接头的疲劳强度为39.00 MPa;母材疲劳断口由解理台阶组成,为脆性断裂;焊接接头疲劳断口由解理和准解理台阶组成,为脆性断裂.     

表面状态对镁合金点焊接头质量的影响

针对镁合金表面极易氧化这一特点 ,研究了镁合金点焊过程中不同清理方法得到的试件表面状态对接头质量及焊接缺陷的影响。结果表明 ,用 0 .1× 1 0 -3 的硫酸溶液浸泡 5min的试件和机械打磨的试件 ,点焊接头拉剪力高且稳定。焊件的表面状态不佳 ,会在焊接过程中导致飞溅、粘电极现象的发生 ,并会因杂质的引入而在焊核中心产生杂质裂纹     

汽车用镁/钢异种金属冷金属过渡点焊工艺特性

采用冷金属过渡的方法对AZ31B变形镁合金和镀锌钢板进行搭接点焊试验,运用正交试验法优化工艺参数,同时利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和万能拉伸试验机对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明,运用冷金属过渡方法能够获得成形美观和性能良好的焊接接头;工艺参数显著性顺序为镀锌钢板孔径大小、送丝速度、点焊时间;接头为典型的点熔钎焊接头,由钎焊结合区和熔焊结合区组成;接头的抗拉剪载荷可达3.12 kN,远大于相同尺寸下镁镁点焊试样的抗拉剪载荷,接头的断裂方式为剪切型断裂和撕裂型断裂.     

Investigation of failure mechanism and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded magnesium alloy joints

Resistance spot welded magnesium alloy joints can fail in two markedly different failure modes(interfacial failure and button pullout failure)under tensile shear loading conditions.For button pullout failure,the crack first propagates along cellular dendritic structure of the nugget circumference,and then passes through heat-affected zone(HAZ)and base metal in sequence.The tensile shear load has smaller values under the interracial failure occurring in a small weld nugget as compared to the button pullout failure appearing in a large weld nugget.The tensile shear load increases with the increasing nugget diameter for expulsion free joints.However,for joints which experienced expulsion,the tensile shear load decreases in spite of nugget diameter increasing.Under the equivalent nugget diameter(5.8 mm),the tensile shear load of joints with 9 × 10-4 g KBF4 addition was increased by around 20% as compared to that of joints without KBF4 addition.     

高强镁合金点焊接头性能

采用电阻点焊方法对高强镁合金Mg₉₆Zn₂Y₂进行了焊接.通过扫描电子显微镜对接头微观组织进行了观察,分析了接头的组织,研究了焊接电流对接头熔核直径及抗剪载荷的影响.在此基础上探讨了接头组织对接头性能的影响.结果表明,接头熔核直径与抗剪载荷均随焊接电流的增大而增大,接头最大抗剪强度约为142 MPa;接头熔核区第二相呈细网状分布,其α-Mg晶粒发生了粗化,直径约为30 μm.熔核区这些组织特征被认为是接头弱化的主要原因.     

热补偿电阻点焊镁合金接头的性能

采用热补偿电阻点焊方法进行焊接镁合金板试验,并分析了焊接电流、焊接时间及电极压力等焊接参数对生成熔核的尺度与接头抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明,采用热补偿电阻点焊方法焊接镁合金,能在较低的焊接电流条件下获得具有较大熔核及较高抗剪强度的点焊接头。因而,采用热补偿电阻点焊方法焊接镁合金是有效的。     

Fracture behaviour and numerical study of resistance spot welded joints in high-strength steel sheet

Cross tension tests of resistance spot welded joints with varying nugget diameter were carried out using 980 MPa high strength steel sheet of 1.6 mm thickness. In proportion, as nugget diameter increased from 3√t to 5√t (where t is thickness), cross tension strength (CTS) increased while fracture morphology simultaneously transferred from interface fracture to full plug fracture. In cases of interface fracture, circumferential crack initiation due to separation of the corona bond arose at an early stage of loading. The crack opening process without propagation was recognized until just before fracture and then the crack propagated to the nugget immediately in a brittle manner around CTS. In full plug fracture, main ductile crack initiation from the notch-like part at the end of sheet separation occurred with the sub-crack initiated at an early stage. The ductile crack propagated toward the HAZ and base material to form full plug fracture. The mode I stress intensity factor was considered as a suitable fracture parameter because the circumferential crack behaved pre-crack for brittle fracture in the nugget region at the final stage. Based on the FE analysis, the mode I stress intensity factor was calculated as 116 MPa √m at CTS as fracture toughness for the nugget. With respect to full plug fracture, ductile crack initiation behaviour from the notch-like part was expressed by concentration of equivalent plastic strain. On the assumption that the ductile crack arose in critical value of equivalent plastic strain, the value was calculated as 0.34 by FE analysis. Reasonable interpretation for interface fracture and full plug fracture in the resistance spot welded joint was proposed due to first crack initiation by stress concentration, brittle fracture by using mode I stress intensity factor, and ductile crack initiation by using equivalent plastic strain.