结构应力法预测点焊试件疲劳寿命

基于局部结构应力点焊疲劳寿命预测方法对电阻点焊进行疲劳寿命预测。使用壳单元、CWELD点焊连接单元、刚性梁单元建立电阻点焊拉剪试样有限元模型。运用商业有限元软件Nastran做线弹性分析,输出CWELD单元的节点平衡力,将有限元线弹性分析结果导入疲劳分析软件中完成点焊疲劳寿命的估算。疲劳寿命预测结果与疲劳实验结果对比表明,不同载荷下的点焊疲劳寿命预测结果与实验寿命有良好的一致性。     

不锈钢车体点焊接头疲劳特性分析

为获取不锈钢车体点焊结构的疲劳特性,提出了一种用于点焊疲劳寿命评估的S-N曲线和P-S-N曲线. 首先,对点焊试件进行拉剪疲劳试验,得到点焊试件的疲劳寿命. 然后,建立点焊试件体单元和壳单元有限元模型,并将仿真结果与准静态试验结果对比,验证了壳单元有限元模型的准确性. 之后,基于Rupp法得到点焊试件的等效结构应力,并根据等效结构应力和试验寿命得到点焊试件在不同应力比下的S-N曲线. 为了消除应力比对S-N曲线的影响,基于Goodman修正法将非对称循环下的结构应力当量为对称循环下的结构应力,得到了点焊试件的基本S-N曲线. 最后,根据三种方法绘制出了点焊的P-S-N曲线,对比得到基于破坏率的方法一和基于等效寿命的方法三能够较为准确地预测点焊的真实寿命,为点焊结构的设计及寿命预测提供一定的参考.     

基于平均等效应力强度因子的焊缝疲劳寿命预测

目前普遍应用的焊缝疲劳仿真分析方法主要有名义应力法和结构应力法,针对两种方法的应用局限性及未考虑剪切结构应力导致的预测精度不高等问题,提出了一种新的高精度焊缝疲劳寿命预测方法。该方法是以断裂力学为理论基础,通过有限元软件提取焊缝周围节点的节点力及力矩,并通过一系列计算得到整个裂纹扩展路径上的平均等效应力强度因子ΔKeq,并将其作为本文中焊缝疲劳寿命预测方法的评价参数。通过对DP800GI和HSLA350GI两种高强钢材料的搭接接头进行疲劳试验,并将ΔKeq与试验所得的疲劳寿命数据进行双对数回归分析,得到的一条主ΔKeq-N曲线作为焊缝的疲劳寿命预测曲线,并与目前的名义应力法和结构应力法进行预测精度对比,得出本文中的焊缝疲劳寿命预测方法的预测精度高于目前的名义应力法和结构应力法。     

超高强钢焊点的强度与寿命研究

以超高强钢22Mn B5搭接型点焊结构为研究对象,通过建立与试验一样的点焊结构力学模型,在ANSYS中进行数值仿真,得到塑性环是点焊结构的强度和疲劳寿命的破坏初始点。同时,分析了不同参量变化对点焊结构强度的影响。又通过名义应力法和等效结构应力法对焊点的强度进行计算,前者算法精度相对较高,也得到塑性环是点焊结构失效的起裂处,并使用名义应力法,得到点焊结构的参量变化对疲劳寿命的影响程度,为点焊结构的设计提供参考。     

基于BS7608标准的点焊试样疲劳寿命预测

基于BS7608标准对点焊接头进行疲劳寿命预测。运用壳单元、CWELD/ELPAT点焊连接单元建立点焊拉剪试样有限元模型,利用Nastran软件做线弹性分析,将线弹性分析结果导入疲劳分析软件,以BS7606标准提供的焊接接头S-N曲线为依据,对点焊试样进行疲劳寿命评估。疲劳寿命预测结果与疲劳试验结果对比表明,不同载荷下的点焊疲劳寿命预测结果与试验寿命有良好的一致性。     

龙门起重机金属焊接结构疲劳寿命分析

根据50 t×35 m龙门起重机的实际运行工况,对其金属焊接结构进行了有限元分析和动态仿真分析,得到了各种工况下的应力分布以及力-时间历程;把静态应力与力-时间历程相结合,计算出动态应力.在此基础上,利用国际焊接学会提供的疲劳寿命S-N曲线,对金属焊接结构进行疲劳寿命分析,得出其疲劳寿命分布云图.结果表明:柔性腿上部变截面处为疲劳薄弱部位,节点5031疲劳损伤最为严重,寿命为1.09×106次循环.     

AZ31B/TA15异种材料电阻点焊接头的疲劳寿命预测

对镁合金AZ31B/钛合金TA15异种材料电阻点焊拉剪接头进行了恒幅疲劳测试,并使用扫描电镜观察了疲劳断口特征.在实验中观察到,在不同的载荷水平下,试件有两种失效模式.在实验结果的基础上,对点焊试件建立有限元模型,分析了焊点附近的弹塑性应力应变.进而分别应用缺口应力法和局部应力应变法预测点焊接头的疲劳寿命,并与实验寿命...     

基于Verity方法的焊缝疲劳评估原理及验证

Verity方法是计算焊缝疲劳寿命的最新方法.该方法是在有限元计算过程中,将焊趾处结点载荷向单元边分布载荷进行等效转换,以薄膜应力解析公式求解焊趾处结构应力,实现了结构应力对有限元网格不敏感方法.Verity方法还基于Paris断裂力学公式,推导了以等效结构应力幅为参数的主S-N曲线方程.为验证Verity方法的有效性,以装甲钢T形焊接接头为对象,进行了仿真计算与疲劳试验.结果表明,采用Verity方法计算结构应力具有网格不敏感特性,根据主S-N曲线方程计算结果与试验值较为接近,和其它传统焊缝疲劳评估方法相比,Verity方法计算精度高,优势明显.     

纵向受载T形焊接接头结构应力构造方法分析

针对纵向受载的非承载型T形焊接接头的疲劳问题,提出一种纵向结构应力构造方法.该方法将焊接接头截面上节点载荷等效为单元边界上的线载荷,根据力平衡原理建立膜应力和弯曲应力解析式,基于母材厚度和焊缝高度提出等效板厚的构造方式,进一步构造并求解焊趾处纵向结构应力.通过纵向受载的非承载型T形焊接接头疲劳试验结果进行验证.结果表明,文中提出方法在分析焊接接头局部纵向受载的焊接结构时优势明显,并可根据Dong提出的平衡等效结构应力修正方式和主S-N曲线进行疲劳评定.     

梯形波纹腹板焊接梁疲劳寿命分析

针对梯形波纹腹板焊接梁结构,分别基于不同的表征应力方法(名义应力法、热点应力法、等效结构应力法)建立梁结构的有限元模型,研究焊缝处各表征应力的分布规律,分析裂纹产生的位置,计算疲劳寿命,比较不同表征应力的评定效果.结果表明,名义应力和热点应力的分布曲线相似,存在一定的波纹特性,但根据波纹变化无法准确判断裂纹产生位置及预测疲劳寿命;等效结构应力分布曲线的波纹变化特性十分显著,可较好地预测裂纹产生位置并较准确地估算疲劳寿命.因此建议采用等效结构应力作为梯形波纹腹板焊接梁结构的寿命控制参量.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.