环氧树脂/ABS复合材料的制备及性能表征

以环氧树脂为基体,苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丁二烯（ABS）树脂为增韧剂,制备了环氧树脂/ABS复合材料,讨论了增韧剂对复合材料的热性能和机械性能的影响。结果表明,ABS的添加可提高复合材料的断裂韧性。扫描电镜结果显示,基体的剪切屈服和橡胶颗粒的微孔洞是ABS增韧环氧树脂的主要增韧机理。     

影响ABS树脂韧性的因素

通过收集相关资料,整理影响ABS树脂韧性的因素,讨论了接枝聚合物的接枝结构、基体SAN树脂结构、温度、共混条件等因素对ABS冲击强度的影响。接枝后的聚丁二烯橡胶增韧效果明显,不同粒径的橡胶粒子的最佳接枝层厚度相同,接枝层SAN与基体SAN树脂的组成相似时增韧效果好。基体SAN树脂的分子量或丙烯腈含量增加有利于ABS树脂的冲击强度。低温条件下ABS增韧机理以银纹机理为主。双螺杆挤出机拥有良好的剪切作用,能够将橡胶相分散更均匀,有利于冲击强度的提高。     

两种不同橡胶粒径的ABS树脂协同作用研究

采用两种不同橡胶粒径的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)掺混制备橡胶粒子尺寸双峰分布的ABS树脂。恒定ABS树脂的橡胶含量,通过调节不同粒径橡胶的质量比,考察其对ABS树脂力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了ABS树脂的微观结构,分析了协同作用的增韧机理。结果表明,ABS树脂的冲击强度和屈服强度都随着大粒径橡胶粒子比例的减少而增大;当L-PB/S-PB为1/9时,ABS树脂的冲击强度和屈服强度最高,两种橡胶粒子发生了明显的协同作用。     

ABS树脂的冲击韧性极限及形变机理的研究

将苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物接枝聚丁二烯（PB-g-SAN）与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）树脂按照一定比例熔融共混制备具有不同橡胶含量的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）树脂。研究了不同橡胶含量对ABS树脂的冲击以及拉伸行为的影响,并通过透射电子显微镜研究了ABS树脂的微观形态及形变机理。结果表明,ABS材料的冲击强度随着橡胶含量的增加先升高后降低;断裂伸长率随着橡胶含量的增大而增大;当橡胶含量较少时,橡胶粒子在基体相中发生聚集现象的可能性较小,分散性较好;随着橡胶含量的增加发生聚集现象的可能性增加,粒子分散性变差;随着橡胶粒子含量的增加,ABS树脂的主要增韧机理是由空洞化到银纹再到剪切屈服的转变。     

橡胶粒子粒径对ABS树脂结构与性能的影响

采用乳液技术在聚丁二烯(PB)和丁苯橡胶(SBR)乳胶粒子上接枝共聚苯乙烯和丙烯腈合成了PB质量分数为60％的ABS接枝粉料,将其与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN树脂)熔融共混获得了一系列不同组成和结构的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS树脂),研究了橡胶粒子粒径对ABS树脂的形态结构、力学性能的影响.结果表明,PB和SBR橡胶粒子的粒径分别为0.3μm和0.05 μm左右时,橡胶粒子的粒径对ABS树脂力学性能的影响十分显著.单独采用小拉径SBR橡胶粒子不能有效地增韧SAN树脂,而大粒径PB橡胶粒子对SAN树脂具有良好的增韧效果.     

复合橡胶对ABS树脂性能的影响

采用乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR)、溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)、低顺式聚丁二烯橡胶(LCBR)和顺丁橡胶(BR)增韧丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS),研究了橡胶种类、橡胶用量、单体配比及多元复合橡胶对ABS树脂性能的影响。结果表明,采用BR和复合橡胶作为增韧橡胶的ABS树脂,其熔体流动速率较大,熔体黏度较小。当橡胶用量小于15%(质量分数)时,随着橡胶相用量的增加,ABS树脂的冲击强度、拉伸强度及硬度均增加,但是维卡软化温度呈下降趋势。复合使用3种或3种以上的胶种,ABS树脂的冲击强度、拉伸强度及硬度均有一定的提高。     

PS系列树脂的增韧机理及性能影响因素

综述了橡胶增韧PS系列树脂的原理及相关的增韧理论:微裂纹理论、多重银纹理论、剪切屈服理论、剪切带-银纹理论、空穴化理论和逾渗理论,阐述了各个理论的基本观点,分析了不同增韧理论的优缺点。详尽概述了橡胶增韧高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)性能影响因素:增韧体系、增韧橡胶的种类及结构、增韧橡胶用量、橡胶粒径、橡胶离子接枝度,并重点介绍了采用低顺式聚丁二烯橡胶(LCBR)和线性丁苯嵌段共聚物(LBS)增韧体系的优点。此外,还简要介绍了聚苯乙烯(PS)系列树脂专用增韧橡胶LCBR和LBS的特征和性能。通过对PS系列树脂增韧改性的深入研究,为扩大其应用领域和生产发展提供理论基础。     

橡胶增韧和PIF加工对ABS材料力学性能影响

采用熔融挤出法制备了不同橡胶含量的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)复合材料,并通过压力诱导流动成型(PIF)加工方法改变橡胶相的微观形态,实现了ABS复合材料的强韧一体化。研究了橡胶增韧和PIF加工对ABS复合材料力学性能的影响,并对其成型后的结构进行了研究和表征。研究表明:PIF加工后,ABS复合材料中的橡胶相形态由原来的球状转变为盘状,实现了复合材料的韧性和强度同时提高。当橡胶质量分数达到20%时,ABS复合材料的冲击强度提高了75%,拉伸强度提高了52%,效果最佳。     

ABS树脂的增韧研究

通过双螺杆挤出机,采用熔融共混的方法制备了本体与乳液复配,不同基体SAN的丙烯腈(AN)含量及摩尔质量的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂。研究了不同橡胶粒径及分布,基体SAN的AN含量及摩尔质量对ABS树脂韧性的影响。研究发现:本体与乳液掺混的ABS树脂具有显著的协同增韧作用,且在同等橡胶含量时,乳液法橡胶质量分数在60%左右时,可以最大幅度地提高ABS的冲击强度。另外,SAN树脂的AN含量及其摩尔质量对ABS的韧性也有显著的影响。在一定的AN含量及摩尔质量范围内,ABS树脂的冲击强度随着AN含量和摩尔质量的增加而呈现上升趋势。     

SIS增韧不饱和聚酯研究

选用2种热塑性弹性体SIS-1209、SIS-1105,用溶液共混法增韧不饱和聚酯树脂。结果表明2种SIS均对不饱和聚酯有增韧作用。此外,研究了ABS对UPR/SIS二元体系的增韧作用,并从理论上探讨了SIS微观增韧机理。     

矿用电器外壳材料改性ABS的研制

以丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)为基体材料,加入阻燃剂(溴-锑阻燃体系)、抗静电剂、增韧剂制备了矿用电器外壳材料。考察了不同阻燃剂、抗静电剂、增韧剂对ABS性能的影响。结果表明:选用优化配方的阻燃抗静电ABS复合体系具有良好的阻燃和抗静电性能;分别采用SBS、ABS髙胶粉、MBS对阻燃抗静电ABS进行增韧,ABS髙胶粉增韧效果最好,当其质量分数为15%时,制品在-25℃、冲能7J时不损坏、无裂纹,而且对材料阻燃性未造成影响;利用该改性ABS材料制备的电器外壳各项性能均能满足矿用标准要求。     

Impact behavior and fracture morphology of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene resins toughened by linear random styrene–isoprene–butadiene rubber

A novel toughening modifier, styrene–isoprene–butadiene rubber (SIBR), was used to improve the impact resistance and toughness of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) resin via bulk polymerization. For comparison, two kinds of ABS samples were prepared: ABS‐1 was toughened by a conventional modifier (a low‐cis polybutadiene rubber/styrene–butadiene block copolymer), and ABS‐2 was toughened by SIBR. The mechanical properties, microstructures of the as‐prepared materials, and fracture surface morphology of the specimens after impact were studied by instrumented notched Izod impact tests and tensile tests, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The mechanical test results show that ABS‐2 had a much higher impact strength and elongation at break than ABS‐1. The microscopic results suggested that fracture resistance of ABS‐1 only depended on voids, shear yielding, and few crazing, which resulted in less ductile fracture behavior. Compared with ABS‐1, ABS toughened by linear random SIBR (ABS‐2) displayed the synergistic toughening effect of crazing and shear yielding, which could absorb and dissipate massive energy, and presented high ductile fracture behavior. These results were also confirmed by instrumented impact tests. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

橡胶相结构特征对ABS树脂力学性能的影响

采用乳液聚合法合成了具有橡胶结构特征的丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）,将其与苯乙烯丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）共混,制备了ABS/SAN共混物,并系统地研究了橡胶相结构特征的影响因素及其对共混物力学性能及其形变机理的影响。结果表明,随着聚丁二烯（PB）橡胶粒子粒径的增大,共混物的冲击强度提高,拉伸强度降低;随着橡胶粒子粒径的增大,共混物形变机理从单一的银纹向橡胶粒子空洞化诱发基体剪切屈服转变。     

Fine structures and fracture processes in plastic/rubber two -phase polymer systems. II. Observation of crazing behaviors under the electron microscope

Detailed crazing behavior in several plastic/rubber twophase polymer systems was studied by means of direct observation of ultrathin sections under the electron microscope by employing osmium tetroxide staining and hardening procedure. Samples used are ABS polymer, high -impact polystyrene and several PVC/rubber blends. All of the systems investigated showed evidence of stress -crazing when under flexural stress. Relationships between the dispersed rubber particles and the crazing behaviors were studied, and the role of rubber particles in the toughening mechanism of plastics was discussed based on these observations.     

Morphological,mechanical properties,and fracture behavior of bulk‐made ABS resins toughened by high‐cis polybutadiene rubber

Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) resins with various rubber contents were prepared by applying nickel catalyzed high‐cis polybutadiene rubber (BR9004) as toughening agent via bulk polymerization. The influence of rubber content and its characteristics on the morphology, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms of ABS resins were investigated. The relevant performance parameters were also evaluated and compared with a commercial injection grade resin (ABS‐8434). The results show that each synthesized resin generally contains some irregular microsized particles with a certain amount of subinclusions besides the analogous “sea‐island” morphology to ABS‐8434. The subinclusions considerably enhance the volume fraction of rubber phase; this leads to an increasing maximum loss tangent (tan δ) value, a decreasing storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T_g) of rubber phase. Besides, the higher grafting degree can not only produce a higher T_g of grafted copolymer but also improve the compatibility of rubber phase with matrix. Based on the performance measurements andfractography, the final product with a rubber content of 9.3% reveals ductile fracture behavior and excellent comprehensive properties far superior to ABS‐8434 due to combined shear yielding and massive crazing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

ABS树脂拉伸性能及形变机理的研究

研究了丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）树脂在不同温度和不同拉伸速率时的拉伸行为以及物理老化对其拉伸行为的影响。结果表明,屈服强度随测试温度的升高而下降,断裂伸长率并不随着测试温度的升高而提高,直到测试温度升高到接近ABS树脂塑料相的玻璃化转变温度时,断裂伸长率才显著提高;断裂伸长率随拉伸速率的增加而降低,在不同的拉伸速率下,ABS的形变区内均可观察到银纹现象;在较高的拉伸速率下,形成的银纹数量较多,但银纹较短,银纹的扩展得到了有效抑制;ABS树脂经物理老化后断裂伸长率明显降低,银纹数量增加并出现了空洞成串现象。     

EVA-g-MAH增韧阻燃ABS的研究

在ABS中加入乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(EVA-g-MAH)进行增韧改性,探讨了以银纹化增韧的弹性体的增韧机理以及EVA-g-MAH与ABS分散均匀性等问题。结果表明,添加10份EVA-g-MAH增韧的阻燃ABS冲击强度增幅达35%,热塑性弹性体增韧阻燃ABS主要以银纹化增韧机理进行增韧,但随着EVA-g-MAH用量的增加,其机械强度损失也越来越大。     

阻燃ACS树脂的制备及应用

采用熔融挤出法制备阻燃ACS树脂,研究了环保溴系阻燃剂、增韧剂种类及用量对阻燃ACS综合性能的影响.结果表明,低分子量溴化环氧树脂/三氧化二锑复配阻燃ACS树脂的综合性能损失较小,耐候性良好.ABS高胶粉的增韧效果优于氯化聚乙烯(PE-C),但所得增韧阻燃ACS的拉伸性能、弯曲性能降幅较大.PE-C具有协效 阻燃作用,...     

Effects of thermoplastic elastomer on the morphology and mechanical properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene

This article investigated the influence of thermoplastic elastomer like acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) high rubber powder (HRP), and ethylene methylacrylate (EMA) on the mechanical performances, flow ability, and morphology of glass fiber‐reinforced polycarbonate (PC)/ABS blends. Blending was carried out through a twin‐screw extruder, and all testing specimens were shaped by an injection molding machine. Experimental results showed that the toughening effect of EMA was more obvious than HRP due to fracture mechanism like crazing, shear yielding occurred in corporation with EMA. About 15 wt% glass‐fiber (GF) reinforcement and 6 wt% EMA toughening can get a balanced behavior among strength, stiffness, and toughness for superior performance of the polymer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E144–E151, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers