积分时滞过程的数字P I D 控制

对积分时滞过程提出一种数字PID控制结构，通过一个内部反馈回路对积分时滞过程进行预稳定控制，并给出数字PI控制器的设计算法，仿真结果显示该控制结构具有良好的设定值跟踪特性，并且对时滞偏差具有很强的鲁棒性能，最后简要讨论了抗负载干扰的控制结构。     

鲁棒 PID 设计在涡扇发动机中的应用

针对常规 PID 控制器参数镇定过程通常采用手工试凑方法费时费力,优化或理论设计方式算法结构复杂、不便于工程人员理解等局限,研究了一种基于闭环增益成形算法的鲁棒 PID 快速设计方法,以提高 PID 控制器设计的简洁性和鲁棒性.并分别针对当受控对象具有二阶或一阶传递函数形式,推导并给出了 PID 参数的相应计算格式.最后,应用于某型涡扇发动机控制器设计中.通过仿真结果表明,用以设计的 PID 控制器具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒性能,证明了此算法是值得应用和推广的.     

一阶时滞过程PID控制器优化准则

对单回路控制系统,期望得到控制器的统一优化准则.以误差积分性能指标描述系统时间响应,以环路函数的频域约束表示系统稳定裕度,从而建立一种综合的鲁棒性能(RP)指标,即系统的稳定裕度和积分性能的指数加权指标.针对比例积分微分( PID)控制器串联一阶时滞过程(FOPDT)的系统,通过计算机数值运算,选择出RP的合理加权因子范围为1～2.以加权因子取1.5的RP作为控制器优化准则,对时滞比从0到∞的FOPDT过程获得了最优PID控制.仿真表明,该法对鲁棒性和积分性能的折中是合适的,对一般工业过程的控制器参数优化有较大的借鉴意义.     

一阶系统预测PID控制器鲁棒稳定性分析

针对基于DCS预测PID的控制系统,利用Kharitonov定理和边缘理论分析其在参数不确定情况下输入/输出鲁棒稳定性。具体对一阶加纯滞后对象给出了系统保持稳定的最大过程参数区间。仿真结果表明,当过程参数偏离标称值时,该方法能使系统保持很好的鲁棒稳定性。     

参数不确定时滞系统的鲁棒P ID 控制

提出一种简单而有效的参数不确定时滞系统鲁棒PID控制器设计方法．通过在kp-ki平面上绘制稳定边界线,确定稳定的PID控制器参数区域;推导了一阶不稳定时滞系统PI控制器和PID控制器的存在性条件;基于推广到时滞系统的棱边定理,确定所有鲁棒PID控制器参数集．仿真实例表明了该方法的优越性．     

一类模糊P I D 控制器的鲁棒优化设计

研究一类模糊 PID控制器的鲁棒设计。以小增益定理分析得到该模糊 PID控制系统稳定性条件。针对参数摄动系统的“最坏点”,用该稳定性条件作为约束 ,采用遗传算法对标称系统的性能进行优化 ,求得优化鲁棒控制器。以倒立摆为例进行鲁棒模糊 PID控制器的设计 ,实验结果表明了该方法的有效性     

基于改进Smith预估控制结构的二自由度PID控制

针对工业过程中的二阶不稳定时滞过程, 基于改进史密斯预估控制结构提出了一种简单的两自由度控制方案.设定值跟踪控制器和扰动抑制控制器采用同一设计程序, 并基于内模控制原理提出了控制器解析设计方案.设定值跟踪控制器和抗扰动控制器可分别通过单性能参数独立调节和优化, 每个控制器都具有PID形式, 给出了控制器调整参数的选择范围和扰动抑制闭环保证鲁棒稳定性的条件.仿真实例验证了提出方法对于近期其他方法的优越性.     

基于GLBest-PSO算法的CSTR系统鲁棒PID控制

连续搅拌反应釜(CSTR)系统是一类具有多变量、强非线性和多工作点的复杂工业过程,对外界扰动及内部参数变化较为敏感。针对常规PID控制器参数整定困难,难以取得满意效果,本文提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化算法的CSTR系统鲁棒PID控制方法。通过对优化目标的分析,将鲁棒PID控制器的参数整定问题转化成一个求解最大-最小问题,在对粒子群优化算法进行改进的基础上,引入合作进化思想对该最大-最小问题进行求解,获得了基于优化性能指标最优的鲁棒PID控制器参数。针对实例的仿真结果表明,利用此方法整定得到的鲁棒PID控制器具有良好的鲁棒性,性能指标优于其它方法得到的鲁棒PID控制器,当过程对象操作范围发生大的变化时,利用本文方法设计得到的鲁棒PID控制器能获得满意的结果。     

高阶时滞过程预测PID控制器设计及鲁棒稳定性分析

针对高阶加滞后对象稳定性分析的局限性,提出了预测PID控制器的设计方法,利用Kharitonov定理和边缘理论分析此系统在参数不确定情况下输入、输出的鲁棒稳定性,并给出了系统保持稳定的最大过程参数区间。仿真结果表明,当过程参数偏离标称值时,此类预测PID控制器的设计方法能够使系统保持很好的控制性能和鲁棒稳定性能。是一种值得在实际工程中推广应用的新型控制器。     

PI控制系统鲁棒性和积分性能优化的仿真

关于控制系统稳定性优化问题,针对一阶时滞过程(FOPDT),给出了一种鲁棒性和性能都可接受的比例积分(PI)控制器设计方法。将过程时滞部分用2/2Pade逼近后,可导出PI参数与闭环系统阻尼比和振荡频率的显示关系。在限定阻尼比下依积分性能最优整定PI后,可得到系统随阻尼比变化的积分性能和鲁棒性。根据传统方法,不可能得到稳定性能。为选择期望的阻尼比,优化系统性能,提出一种鲁棒性加权的积分性能损失函数,以绝对误差积分(IAE)和最大灵敏度(Ms)为例,对FOPDT过程的PI参数进行优化仿真。仿真结果表明,所得的PI对不同时延比的FOPDT过程均有满意的鲁棒性和稳定性,对其它控制器和过程的参数优化有很好的借鉴作用。     

IMC–PID Design: Analytical Optimization for Performance/Robustness Tradeoff Tuning for Servo/Regulation Mode

This paper addresses the analytical design of a one‐degree‐of‐freedom (1‐DoF) robust proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller for the servo/regulation mode in line with the enhanced internal model control (IMC) principle based on a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model. The proposed enhanced IMC–PID can provide acceptable performance both for set‐point tracking and for load disturbance rejection. The design procedure is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, in which the robustness of the system is adequately considered. Therefore, the resulting PID controller gives optimal performance with an exact selected robustness degree. Illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness and merits of the analytical tuning rules for a wide range of plants.     

一种分数阶预测控制器的研究与实现

本论文研究了一种新型预测控制器RTD-A的分数阶实现方法及应用. 与常规控制器比较, RTD-A控制器具有参数意义明确, 易于整定和实施的优点. 论文将RTD-A控制器扩展到分数阶形式, 并与经Z-N法整定的分数阶PI?D1控制器和Wang-Juang-Chan法整定的PID控制器进行了比较. 所提出的分数阶预测控制器在设定值跟踪, 克服负荷扰动, 鲁棒性等方面都有较理想的控制性能. 仿真结果验证了这种分数阶预测控制器的有效性.     

Sub-optimal PID controller settings for FOPDT systems with long dead time

We propose a method for setting up PI and PID controllers based on stable FOPDT process model, where dead-time dynamics is manipulated without approximation. The main idea used is a partial compensation of the system dynamics, which makes possible obtaining simple tuning rules. Remaining unknown controller parameters are determined on the basis of the modulus optimum and the minimum ISE criterions. Besides the performance indices, quality of the settings is also evaluated by the stability margin. Although optimal values of the parameters are valid for the reference tracking problem, a compensation of the disturbance lag that preserves the stability margin is proposed for the disturbance rejection problem.     

Optimum design of fractional order PID controller for AVR system using chaotic ant swarm

Fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is a generalization of standard PID controller using fractional calculus. Compared to PID controller, the tuning of FOPID is more complex and remains a challenge problem. This paper focuses on the design of FOPID controller using chaotic ant swarm (CAS) optimization method. The tuning of FOPID controller is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem, in which the objective function is composed of overshoot, steady-state error, raising time and settling time. CAS algorithm, a newly developed evolutionary algorithm inspired by the chaotic behavior of individual ant and the self-organization of ant swarm, is used as the optimizer to search the best parameters of FOPID controller. The designed CAS-FOPID controller is applied to an automatic regulator voltage (AVR) system. Numerous numerical simulations and comparisons with other FOPID/PID controllers show that the CAS-FOPID controller can not only ensure good control performance with respect to reference input but also improve the system robustness with respect to model uncertainties.     

典型工业过程鲁棒PID控制器的整定

提出一阶迟延过程、积分迟延过程、不稳定迟延过程和二阶迟延过程等典型工业过程的鲁棒PID整定公式.本文从抗干扰性能和鲁棒性能两方面综合考虑,把鲁棒PID控制器的设计问题转化为求解一个带鲁棒性能约束的绝对误差积分指标(IAE)优化问题.鉴于该问题是非凸的,本文采用遗传算法来求解,并通过曲线拟合得到典型工业过程的PID控制器的整定公式.仿真结果表明本文的PID整定公式有效,且控制器具有良好的抗干扰能力和频域鲁棒性.     

自抗扰控制在永磁直线电机控制中的应用

针对在工业中广泛应用的PID控制器的特点及存在的问题做了分析,并介绍了自抗扰控制技术的原理、结构、以及控制器的设计.对一个永磁直线电机在考虑将电机耦合视为内扰及外部摩擦干扰情况下的具体实例给出了采用自抗扰控制技术的仿真结果.同时对简化的电机模型也给出了采用PID调节的仿真结果.结合仿真结果可以看到自抗扰控制器的抗干扰性和鲁棒性都优于经典PID控制器.     

Simultaneous closed-loop tuning of cascade controllers based directly on set-point step-response data

This study presents a novel closed-loop tuning method for cascade control systems, in which both primary and secondary controllers are tuned simultaneously by directly using set-point step-response data without resorting to process models. The tuning method can be applied on-line to improve the performance of existing underperforming cascade controllers by retuning controller parameters, using routine operating data. The goal of the proposed design is to obtain the parameters of two proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-type controllers, so that the resulting inner and outer loops behave as similarly as possible to the appropriately specified reference models. The tuning rule and optimization problem related to the proposed design are derived. Based on the rationale behind cascade control, the secondary controller is designed based on disturbance rejection to quickly attenuate disturbances. The primary controller is designed to accurately account for the inner-loop dynamics, without requiring an additional test. In addition, robustness considerations are included in the proposed tuning method, which enable the designer to explicitly address the trade-off between performance and robustness for inner and outer loops independently. Simulation examples show that the proposed method exhibits superior control performance compared with the previous (model-based) tuning methods, confirming the effectiveness of this novel tuning method for cascade control systems.     

高阶大惯性系统的线性自抗扰控制器设计

针对自抗扰控制器在热力系统高阶大惯性过程控制中效果不佳的问题,提出一种利用高阶系统模型信息进行补偿的自抗扰控制器设计方法.基于理论分析,给出各可调参数的物理意义及其定量化参数整定方法,并从观测误差、开环频率特性和参数稳定域等方面分析补偿自抗扰控制器能够提高控制效果的原因.仿真对比实验和鲁棒性检验结果表明,所提方法在设定值跟踪、抗扰能力和性能鲁棒性方面均优于PI/PID,同时能够显著改善低阶自抗扰控制器对高阶大惯性过程的控制效果,具有很好的工程推广潜力.     

控制输入受限的拦截卫星轨道鲁棒H2/H∞控制

针对拦截卫星在执行轨道拦截任务的过程中存在不确定参数和不同类型外界干扰的轨道控制问题,研究了基于鲁棒H2/H∞稳定的控制器设计方法.首先,考虑参数不确定性、外界干扰、系统的H2/H∞性能和有限时间性能、控制输入限幅和极点配置,建立了相对运动轨道模型和相应的约束条件,并由此提出了控制器设计目标.然后采用线性不等式技术提出并证明了控制器存在的充分条件,并将控制器的设计转化为一个凸优化问题进行求解.仿真结果表明,设计的控制器能够使系统稳定并满足各项约束,且对系统不确定性具有较好的鲁棒性以及对外界干扰有一定的抑制作用.     

Design of optimal disturbance rejection PID controllers usinggenetic algorithms

This paper presents a method to design an optimal disturbance rejection PID controller. First, a condition for disturbance rejection of a control system-H_∞-norm-is described. Second, the design is formulated as a constrained optimization problem. It consists of minimizing a performance index, i.e., the integral of the time weighted squared error subject to the disturbance rejection constraint. A new method employing two genetic algorithms (GA) is developed for solving the constraint optimization problem. The method is tested by a design example of a PID controller for a servomotor system. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance and validity of the method