同轴电缆串扰的仿真计算与测试

鉴于互连系统中电缆的电磁干扰问题,本文首先论述了由传输线理论对同轴电缆串扰的计算仿真,进而根据此模型自制了同轴电缆电磁耦合测试装置,测试若干结构参数对同轴电缆串扰电压的影响,得出了同轴电缆间串扰电压大小随电缆长度、干扰源电压和频率的增大而增大,最后比较仿真结果和测试结果,基本上达到了很好的一致性,此测试方法和结论对电气工程师测试和解决电缆串扰问题具有一定的实用价值.     

一种含同轴电缆的线束内部串扰高效分析方法

为了高效分析含同轴电缆的线束内部串扰,提出了一种新的简化电缆束模型的方法. 该方法把简化电缆束的过程分为两步:首先,为了解决同轴电缆编织屏蔽层难以仿真的问题,利用内外传输线转移矩阵简化同轴电缆,将含同轴电缆的电缆束转化为全由单芯线组成的三维电缆束模型;然后,使用等效线束法将全单芯线的电缆束进一步简化,减少需要分析的单芯线数量. 简化后的模型可用于任何三维电磁仿真软件中的电缆束内部串扰仿真分析,而无需考虑基于经典传输线理论的等效电路法的局限性. 将提出的方法与等效电路法分别应用于电缆束内部串扰的分析,两者的仿真结果一致性良好,说明文中提出的方法是准确可行的,能够实现含同轴电缆的线束内部串扰的高效分析.     

基于传输线方程的多根非平行传输线串扰分析

非平行结构的传输线在电力电子系统中普遍存在,当其上通有电压和电流信号时,会在周围传输线上产生串扰响应。采用时域传输线方程建立多根非平行传输线之间的串扰模型,结合FDTD方法,分析在脉冲集总源激励下受扰导线始端和终端负载上的串扰电压响应特性,将其结果与仿真结果对比,验证了该方法的正确性。研究结果表明,非平行结构中受扰线始端和终端负载上的串扰电压响应随着传输线离地面高度的增大而增大,随着传输线之间夹角的增大而变小,且减小的趋势逐渐减弱,从而为线缆间的串扰防护提供了参考依据。     

全景系统辐射发射测试超标问题分析及优化

为解决汽车上电子设备全景系统调幅(AM)辐射发射测试超标问题,文章研究了汽车线束串扰原理——近场耦合理论,分析在实车上线束串扰的影响因素,利用仿真软件HFSS进行仿真验证.通过试验和仿真分析可知,增大线束间距离、非屏蔽线束替换为屏蔽线束可以有效抑制线束间串扰,进而解决了线束串扰导致的全景系统AM辐射发射测试超标问题.     

飞行器内的传输线与连接器电路串扰分析

对飞行器内的传输线与连接器级联结构的串扰进行了数值分析和实验研究.对于飞行器中的电缆与连接器布局问题,国内缺乏统一的规范,故电缆与连接器的电磁兼容特性,成为了研究的热点.从传输线矩阵模型入手,提出了连接器矩阵模型,通过矩阵的级联来体现实际结构.模拟表明:串扰幅度与各端接入的负载密切相关,结构间的相互距离同样对串扰存在影响.现场测试曲线验证了仿真的可靠性,对工程应用具有参考价值.     

降低电缆内导线间串扰电压的优化方法

本文根据分布参数传输线理论导出了电缆内平行多导线间串扰电压的传递函数矩阵表达式；构造了导线间串扰电压最小的优化目标函数；利用可变多面体算法进行了优化设计；根据计算结果提出了降低串扰电压的新方法。计算结果与已有的实验结果吻合。     

IC高密度陶瓷外壳串扰对信号完整性的影响

在高密度陶瓷封装外壳设计中,遇到的包括单信号线的延迟、反射和多信号线间的串扰等噪声问题,以及电源完整性问题,这些问题都严重影响整个电子系统性能的信号完整性。基于高速电路传输线的信号完整性相关基本理论,通过测试和仿真的方法来研究传输线间近端串扰和远端串扰问题。对大规模集成电路外壳CQFP240M进行串扰测试分析,利用仿真软件CST建立微带线和带状线模型,仿真、测试分析相邻传输线间串扰大小的影响因素。根据仿真结果,提出降低串扰的方法,优化设计,提高传输结构性能。     

WCDMA频谱监测平台中串扰分析及仿真研究

针对高速数字系统的信号完整性问题,以WCDMA频谱监测平台的设计为例,分析了串扰的产生机理和对信号完整性的影响,给出感性串扰与容性串扰的分析公式,在此基础上采用HyperLynx仿真工具对串扰进行了仿真,仿真结果表明：串扰的大小与影响串扰相关因素有关。根据不同仿真条件下的仿真结果归纳出几种减小串扰的方法,为实际的电路设计和PCB制作提供了理论依据。     

降低电缆内导线间串扰电压的优化方法

本文根据分布参数传输线理论导出了电缆内平行多导线间串扰电压的传递函数矩阵表达式;构造了导线同串扰电压最小的优化目标函数;利用可变多面体算法进行了优化设计;根据计算结果提出了降低申扰电压的新方法。计算结果与已有的实验结果吻合。     

基于HFSS的高速不连续性微带线串扰分析

建立了高速不连续性微带线HFSS(High Frequency Simulator Structure)串扰仿真分析模型,基于该模型对不连续性微带线在高频条件下的串扰问题进行了研究,得到了其近端串扰(S13)和远端串扰(S14),分析了信号频率、微带线厚度、微带线宽度、微带线宽度微带线拐角类型、微带线间距对串扰强度的影响。结果表明：不连续性微带线串扰强度随着信号频率的变化而呈现先增大后趋于平缓的趋势;近端串扰S13随微带线厚度的增大呈现递增的趋势;近端串扰S13随微带线宽度增大而增大;微带线拐角类型为圆弧时串扰最为明显;串扰强度随微带线间距增大而减小。基于研究结果提出了抑制不连续性串扰的方法。     

Fast and Rigorous Analysis of EMC/EMI Phenomena on Electrically Large and Complex Cable-Loaded Structures

A fast and comprehensive time-domain method for analyzing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) phenomena on complex structures that involve electrically large platforms (e.g., vehicle shells) along with cable-interconnected antennas, shielding enclosures, and printed circuit boards is proposed. To efficiently simulate field interactions with such structures, three different solvers are hybridized: (1) a time-domain integral-equation (TDIE)-based field solver that computes fields on the exterior structure comprising platforms, antennas, enclosures, boards, and cable shields (external fields); (2) a modified nodal-analysis (MNA)-based circuit solver that computes currents and voltages on lumped circuits approximating cable connectors/loads; and (3) a TDIE-based transmission line solver that computes transmission line voltages and currents at cable terminations (guided fields). These three solvers are rigorously interfaced at the cable connectors/loads and along the cable shields; the resulting coupled system of equations is solved simultaneously at each time step. Computation of the external and guided fields, which constitutes the computational bottleneck of this approach, is accelerated using fast Fourier transform-based algorithms. Further acceleration is achieved by parallelizing the computation of external fields. The resulting hybrid solver permits the analysis of electrically large and geometrically intricate structures loaded with coaxial cables. The accuracy, efficiency, and versatility of the proposed solver are demonstrated by analyzing several EMC/EMI problems including interference between a log-periodic monopole array trailing an aircraft's wing and a monopole antenna mounted on its fuselage, coupling into coaxial cables connecting shielded printed circuit boards located inside a cockpit, and coupling into coaxial cables from a cell phone antenna located inside a fuselage.     

新能源充电线缆的高空核电磁脉冲响应

随着新能源技术的不断发展,多频器件和高压线束的大量应用使新能源车辆电磁兼容问题日趋复杂,研究特种车辆新能源充电线缆的复杂电磁环境效应与防护问题具有重要工程价值。文中选择一种新能源充电线缆,利用三维电磁场仿真软件(CST)建立电磁干扰源和充电线缆模型。基于场线耦合原理,仿真分析高空核电磁脉冲照射下的混合动力装甲车内部新能源充电线缆电磁响应。仿真结果表明,同一线束同种线缆横截面积越大,线缆端口耦合电流越大;在同一干扰脉冲照射下,不同线缆端口耦合电流达到峰值的时间以及开始衰减的时间不同;以及线缆布局影响线缆端口耦合电流的大小;线缆阻抗匹配时的耦合电流远远大于阻抗失配时的耦合电流;新能源充电线缆与传统车载SYV-50-3同轴线缆的高空核电磁脉冲响应变化规律吻合良好。     

A Model for Currents and Voltages Induced Within Long Transmission Cables by an Electromagnetic Wave

A model is presented for determining the transient currents and voltages induced within a long coaxial cable by a uniform plane traveling wave whose variation with time may be specified. The cable may be located above or within a half-space lossy dielectric with the wave incident from the half-space lossless dielectric. This results in a model for either aerial or buried cables with the source of the wave located in the atmosphere. A method is also presented for generalizing the approach to more complex cables encountered in communication systems. A demonstration of the applicability of this model is presented by analyzing the response of a 0.375-in coaxial cable for both aerial and buried situations. An incident electromagnetic wave with a rectangular time domain waveform is used to demonstrate the transient response. This waveshape is adequate to clearly indicate the transient phenomena. It is found that voltage enhancement results in both aerial and buried cables when the incident wave approaches grazing incidence. This voltage enhancement can be significant especially for aerial cables. Cable shield current enhancement also results for an aerial but not for a buried cable.     

一种线缆护套的屏蔽效能测试方法

设计了一种基于串扰理论的线缆护套屏蔽效能的测试方法,根据测试结果分析了屏蔽护套不同接地方式对线缆间感性耦合、容性耦合的影响,试验结果可为在实际工程中抑制线缆串扰提供依据。     

电缆的电磁干扰分析

在电子设备和系统中,各种电缆是信号传输必不可少的联系纽带,同时电缆又是导致各种电磁兼容(EMC)问题的主要因素。电缆造成电磁干扰(EMI)的原因主要是因为电缆上存在着干扰电流。介绍了2种干扰电流,结合电磁兼容测试中经常出现的问题,对每种电流产生的原因进行了分析,提出了减小这些干扰电流的具体方法。通过试验验证了方法的可操作性,对产品设计提供参考。     

Coaxial Cables as Sources of Intermodulation Interference at Microwave Frequencies

Intermodulation interference arising from nonlinearities in braided coaxial cables at microwave frequencies is discussed. Detailed investigations have been carried out using a large number of commercially available and specially constructed cables to isolate and assess the relative contributions of different parameters of coaxial cables responsible for the generation of intermodulation products (IP's) at L-, S-, and C-band frequencies centered on 1.5, 3, and 5 GHz. Ambient temperature in the case of polythene dielectric cables and oxides on copper-wire braids affect considerably the IP's generated in a coaxial cable.     

A 4-channel coil array interconnection by analog direct modulation optical link for 1.5-T MRI

Optical glass fiber shows great advantages over coaxial cables in terms of electromagnetic interference, thus, it should be considered a potential alternative for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receive coil interconnection, especially for a large number coil array at high field. In this paper, we propose a 4-channel analog direct modulation optical link for a 1.5-T MRI coil array interconnection. First, a general direct modulated optical link is compared to an external modulated optical link. And then the link performances of the proposed direct modulated optical link, including power gain, frequency response, and dynamic range, are analyzed and measured. Phantom and in vivo head images obtained using this optical link are demonstrated for comparison with those obtained by cable connections. The signal-to–noise (SNR) analysis shows that the optical link achieves 6%–8% SNR a improvement over coaxial cables by elimination of electrical interference between cables during MR signal transmission.      

射频同轴电缆屏蔽衰减测试方法的比较

屏蔽衰减是表征射频同轴电缆电磁兼容性的重要指标。随着电缆相关理论的发展和应用,国际上出现了各种不同的针对射频同轴电缆屏蔽衰减的测试方法。介绍了当前各类典型的测试方法,并对其进行了比较。     

Time-Domain Investigation on Cable-Induced Transient Coupling Into Metallic Enclosures

A hybrid time-domain method is proposed for characterizing electromagnetic interference (EMI) signals coupled into some composite structures with metallic enclosures, braided shielded cable, printed circuit boards, and even lumped active devices. In order to rapidly capture the induced interior EMI, the finite-difference time-domain, modified node analysis, and multiconductor transmission lines methods are combined together and implemented successfully. Numerical investigation is carried out to demonstrate the frequency-dependent transfer impedance of the coaxial cable, the induced voltage at the place of active loaded element in the transmission line network, and the enclosure shielding effectiveness of these composite enclosures. The captured transient response information is useful for further designing electromagnetic protection of the inner circuits against the impact of voltage or current surge caused by nonintentional as well as intentional electromagnetic interference.