基于预测的自适应边缘检测新方法

图像的边缘是图像最基本的特征之一,边缘检测是提取图像特征的重要手段.首先利用梯度调节预测器(Gradient Adjusted Predictor:GAP)对图像进行预测,然后针对预测得到的误差图像,提出了一种基于梯度均值直方图的自适应阈值选取方法,利用得到的阈值来分类边缘与非边缘;为了获得单像素边缘,利用细化算法对边缘图像进一步细化,得到最后的边缘图像.仿真结果表明,与其它方法相比,本文方法检测到的边缘边界特征细腻、连续,定位精度较高,得到的实验结果比较理想.     

Solving the process of hysteresis without determining the optimal thresholds

Hysteresis is an important edge detection technique, but the unsupervised determination of hysteresis thresholds is a difficult problem. Thus, hysteresis has limited practical applicability. Unimodal thresholding techniques are another edge detection method. They are useful, because the histogram of a feature image (usually the feature image is an approximation of the gradient image) is unimodal, and there are many unsupervised methods to solve this problem. But such techniques do not use spatial information to detect edge points, so their performance is worse than that of the hysteresis.In this paper, we show how to formulate the hysteresis process as a unimodal thresholding problem without determining the optimal hysteresis thresholds. Using similar steps of the Canny edge detector to obtain an approximation of the gradient image we compare the performance of our method against that of a method that determines the best parameters of an edge detector and show that our method performs relatively well. Additionally, our method can adjust its sensitivity by using different unimodal thresholding techniques.     

A novel context sensitive multilevel thresholding for image segmentation

Most of the traditional histogram-based thresholding techniques are effective for bi-level thresholding and unable to consider spatial contextual information of the image for selecting optimal threshold. In this article a novel thresholding technique is presented by proposing an energy function to generate the energy curve of an image by taking into an account the spatial contextual information of the image. The behavior of this energy curve is very much similar to the histogram of the image. To incorporate spatial contextual information of the image for threshold selection process, this energy curve is used as an input of our technique instead of histogram. Moreover, to mitigate multilevel thresholding problem the properties of genetic algorithm are exploited. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the number of different types of images using a validity measure. The results of the proposed technique are compared with those obtained by using histogram of the image and also with an existing genetic algorithm based context sensitive technique. The comparisons confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed technique.     

Automatic threshold selection based on histogram modes and a discriminant criterion

Due to the unconstrained nature of image segmentation, the existing thresholding methods require considerable human intervention and pre-assumptions to determine appropriate threshold values. In this paper, a fully automatic thresholding method via histogram modal decomposition by data-dependent-systems methodology is presented. In this method, the histogram of an image is parametrically modeled by the power spectrum of an autoregressive model to provide vital information about histogram clusters. Utilizing the modal information, threshold values are then selected to maximize the between-class variance. The proposed method is validated by illustrative examples; comparison with the existing methods helps explain their differences and the superiority of the approach.     

水下人造目标线特征快速检测算法

为了从水下复杂场景中快速检测人造目标,提出了一种在图像小波变换低频子带上进行直线实时检测的算法。首先,利用小波变换确定显著线特征检测的合适尺度;然后在确定的低频子带小图像上进行边缘检测,利用梯度直方图和迭代法相结合自适应确定边缘检测的分割阈值,得到显著特征的边缘点;再利用改进的Hough变换检测人造目标的直线特征;最后在原始图像上标记出直线检测的结果。实验结果表明:提出的算法可以准确检测出水下复杂背景中人造目标的直线特征,并且具有良好的实时性,满足水下人造目标视频检测的应用要求。     

Edge magnitude based multilevel thresholding using Cuckoo search technique

Multilevel thresholding technique is popular and extensively used in the field of image processing. In this paper, a multilevel threshold selection is proposed based on edge magnitude of an image. The gray level co-occurrence matrix (second order statistics) of the image is used for obtaining multilevel thresholds by optimizing the edge magnitude using Cuckoo search technique. New theoretical formulation for objective functions is introduced. Key to our success is to exploit the correlation among gray levels in an image for improved thresholding performance. Apart from qualitative improvements the method also provides us optimal threshold values. Results are compared with histogram (first order statistics) based between-class variance method for multilevel thresholding. It is observed that the results of our proposed method are encouraging both qualitatively and quantitatively.     

A novel histogram transformation to improve the performance of thresholding methods in edge detection

The gradient image is used to detect edge points, and the gradient histogram is a typical case of a unimodal histogram. It is well-documented that bi-modal thresholding methods (such as the Otsu method) detect edges poorly. Therefore, specific unimodal thresholding methods are used to detect edge points. However, unimodal thresholding methods (such as the Rosin method) sometimes obtain very noisy results. In this paper, we propose a histogram transformation to improve the performance of some thresholding methods. Using the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset, we present quantitative performance results in an edge detection task to show that our transformation improves the performance of the Otsu and Rosin methods. Our histogram transformation can be used by any histogram thresholding method, but the performance of the method, using the transformed histogram, will depend of the criterion used by this method.     

灰度梯度映射函数改进的Otsu阈值法

针对目标与背景灰度分布不均匀的图像,基于集中于目标的图像阈值法思想,引入图像的灰度直方图信息,得到更为细致的阈值化准则。考虑图像的边缘信息,引入灰度梯度映射函数,提出了基于梯度的集中于目标的Otsu阈值法。大量经典图像阈值化结果表明,该方法在目标提取的完整性和边缘保留的清晰性方面,均表现出了更佳的效果。     

融合视觉模型和最大类间方差的阈值分割算法

针对传统二维直方图的区域划分方法存在把图像的部分目标点和背景点错误划分为边缘点或噪声点,而把部分边缘点和噪声点划分为目标点和背景点的缺点,以及传统二维最大类间方差阈值分割算法的时间复杂度较高的缺点,提出了采用视觉模型构造二维直方图,并提出了该二维直方图的区域划分方法,同时还把提出的二维直方图应用到最大类间方差阈值分割算法中。根据分割时间、分类误差、均匀性等定量评价标准,做了一系列实验,与几种典型的二维阈值分割算法相比,提出的阈值分割算法在降低计算复杂度的同时还具有很好的分割性能。     

基于二维直方图和最大熵门限化的直线边缘检测方法

提出了一种基于二维直方图和最大熵门限的直线边缘检测方法，为了得到与实际边缘对应的单宽度直线，还利用了细化、连接与直线跟踪等处理方法，不但可以自动确定阈值，而且可以较好地保留弱边缘，去除噪声，最后得到单宽度的直线边缘，这对于目标识别和图像理解有着重要的意义。     

基于图像边缘信息的2维阈值分割方法

为了改善2维阈值分割性能,提高图像分割的效率,在传统2维Otsu阈值分割算法的基础上,提出了一种基于图像边缘信息的2维阈值分割方法。这种改进的方法保留了2维Otsu阈值分割算法分割结果准确的优点,并在此基础上充分利用图像的边缘信息,通过分析图像的边缘直方图和阈值的关系来得到最优分割阈值。仿真实验结果表明,该方法与传统2维分割算法相比,不仅计算简单,而且实时性好。     

一种基于彩色边缘综合特征的图像检索算法

图像特征的提取与表达是基于内容的图像检索技术基础。边缘是重要的视觉感知信息,也是图像最基本的特征之一,其在图像分析和理解中有重要价值。文中以视觉重要的图像边缘轮廓为基础,提出一种基于彩色边缘综合特征的图像检索算法。该算法首先利用Canny检测算子提取出原始图像的彩色边缘轮廓。然后构造出能全面反映边缘轮廓内容的3种直方图,即加权颜色直方图、角度直方图和梯度方向直方图。最后综合利用上述3种彩色边缘直方图计算图像间的内容相似度,并进行彩色图像检索。仿真实验表明,该算法能够准确和高效地查找出用户所需内容的彩色图像,并且具有较好的查准率和查全率。     

A pseudo top-hat mathematical morphological approach to edge detection in dark regions

Edge detection is an important pre-processing step in image segmentation. Conventionally, edges are detected according to gradient property, then processed by the thresholding technique. By such an approach, fine edge details in dark region of the image are eliminated. It is annoying sometimes as they are as useful as those in bright region, although this is caused by unevenly distributed lighting in many machine vision applications. In this paper, a novel mathematical morphological edge detection algorithm, based on pseudo top-hat transformation which is derived from top-hat transformation, is proposed to preserve these edge details as well as prominent ones. The algorithm is also presented in detail. Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient for edge details extraction in place of shading while preserving distinguish features.     

区域协方差与中值校正融合的天际线检测算法研究

天际线检测在视觉导航、地理图像标注中有着重要的作用。首先采用区域协方差算法对图像进行初分割,确定天际线检测的目标区域;接着根据分析数据集中的样本图片梯度值得到的最优梯度阈值,在初分割的天际线检测目标区域,提出一种循环梯度算法来检测出图像中各列的天际线位置坐标;最后采用中值滤波算法对检测的天际线各点坐标值进行校正,消除可能存在的天际线奇异点,检测出输入图像中的天际线。所提算法在内华达大学机器视觉实验室Web set和Baatz set数据集上进行了测试,实验结果表明:提出的算法能有效地检测出数据集中输入图像的天际线,不需要对图像的边缘信息进行提取,具有良好的有效性和时效性。     

A joint intensity and edge magnitude-based multilevel thresholding algorithm for the automatic segmentation of pathological MR brain images

Multilevel thresholding is one of the most popular image segmentation techniques due to its simplicity and accuracy. Most of the thresholding approaches use either the histogram of an image or information from the grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) to compute the threshold. The medical images like MRI usually have vague boundaries and poor contrast. So, segmenting these images using solely histogram or texture attributes of GLCM proves to be insufficient. This paper proposes a novel multilevel thresholding approach for automatic segmentation of tumour lesions from magnetic resonance images. The proposed technique exploits both intensity and edge magnitude information present in image histogram and GLCM to compute the multiple thresholds. Subsequently, using both attributes, a hybrid fitness function has been formulated which can capture the variations in intensity and the edge magnitude present in different tumour groups effectively. Mutation-based particle swarm optimization (MPSO) technique has been used to optimize the fitness function so as to mitigate the problem of high computational complexity existing in the exhaustive search methods. Moreover, MPSO has better exploration capabilities as compared to conventional particle swarm optimization. The performance of the devised technique has been evaluated and compared with two other intensity- and texture-based approaches using three different measures: Jaccard, Dice and misclassification error. To compute these quantitative metrics, experiments were conducted on a series of images, including low-grade glioma tumour volumes taken from brain tumour image segmentation benchmark 2012 and 2015 data sets and real clinical tumour images. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the other competing algorithms by achieving an average value equal to 0.752, 0.854, 0.0052; 0.648, 0.762, 0.0177; 0.710, 0.813, 0.0148 and 0.886, 0.937, 0.0037 for four different data sets.

     

A survey on image segmentation

For the past decade, many image segmentation techniques have been proposed. These segmentation techniques can be categorized into three classes, (1) characteristic feature thresholding or clustering, (2) edge detection, and (3) region extraction. This survey summarizes some of these techniques. In the area of biomedical image segmentation, most proposed techniques fall into the categories of characteristic feature thresholding or clustering and edge detection.     

一种基于模糊划分的边缘检测算法

基于信息论中最大熵原理，提出了一种新的基于模糊划分的边缘检测算法，并介绍了模糊概率和用条件概率与条件熵来定义模糊划分熵的概念以及模糊划分的原理。该算法是利用自然划分以及梯度图像模糊划分的关系，在条件概率与模糊划分熵的基础上，通过最大模糊熵原则来实现图像分割中最优阈值的自动提取，以实现图像的边缘检测。通过不同类型测试图像的边缘检测结果比较表明，该算法用于边缘检测能获得很好的效果。     

Image thresholding by variational minimax optimization

In this paper we introduce an adaptive image thresholding technique via minimax optimization of a novel energy functional that consists of a non-linear convex combination of an edge sensitive data fidelity term and a regularization term. While the proposed data fidelity term requires the threshold surface to intersect the image surface only at places with large image gradient magnitude, the regularization term enforces smoothness in the threshold surface. To the best of our knowledge, all the previously proposed energy functional-based adaptive image thresholding algorithms rely on manually set weighting parameters to achieve a balance between the data fidelity and the regularization terms. In contrast, we use minimax principle to automatically find this weighting parameter value, as well as the threshold surface. Our conscious choice of the energy functional permits a variational formulation within the minimax principle leading to a globally optimum solution. The proposed variational minimax optimization is carried out by an iterative gradient descent with exact line search technique that we experimentally demonstrate to be computationally far more attractive than the Fibonacci search applied to find the minimax solution. Our method shows promising results to preserve edge/texture structures in different benchmark images over other competing methods. We also demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method for delineating lung boundaries from magnetic resonance imagery (MRI).     

基于彩色边缘网格直方图的图像检索方法

边缘是图像局部变化最显著的部分,也是人类理解图像内容的重要线索.本文提出了一种基于彩色边缘特征的图像检索方法,该方法首先利用Canny检测算子提取出原始图像的彩色边缘信息,然后将彩色边缘划分成圆环区域和角形区域,并分别计算出圆环区域和角形区域的颜色直方图;最后综合利用上述圆环区域和角形区域的颜色直方图计算图像间内容的相似度,并进行彩色图像检索.仿真实验表明,该方法能够准确和高效地查找出用户所需内容的彩色图像,并且具有较好的查准率和查全率.     

一种虹膜定位的新算法

针对虹膜外径边缘图像提取的困难,提出对增强了对比度的虹膜图像进行阈值分割之后用圆检测方法进行虹膜定位的简便而快速的算法.首先,根据虹膜图像的边缘图像用圆检测随机Hough变换方法提取瞳孔的圆心与半径;然后,对用直方图均衡化方法增强了对比度的虹膜图像进行阈值分割,提取分割后的图像的二值边缘图像;最后,利用已经提取的瞳孔的圆周参数等先验知识检测虹膜外径与圆心。实验结果表明,该算法提高了虹膜定位的速度,并且具有较好的健壮性与稳定性。