英国研究用废弃食用油制生物塑料

英国一项新研究表明,一种细菌能以较高效率把废弃食用油变成生物塑料,如果能将之用于大规模工业化生产,既可降低生物塑料成本,还能帮助解决“地沟油”问题。     

英研究:可用废弃食用油制造生物塑料

<正>英国一项新研究说,一种细菌能以较高效率把废弃食用油变成生物塑料,如果能将之用于大规模工业化生产,既可降低生物塑料成本,还能帮助解决"地沟油"问题。生物塑料是淀粉等天然物质在微生物作用下生成的聚合物,使用性能与传统塑料类似,同时还具有可降     

英国新研究发现可用废弃食用油制造生物塑料

英国一项新研究说,一种细菌能以较高效率把废弃食用油变成生物塑料,如果能将之用于大规模工业化生产,既可降低生物塑料成本,还能帮助解决地沟油问题。生物塑料是淀粉等天然物质在微生物作用下生成的聚合物,使用性能与传统的化学塑料类似,同时还具有可降解和环保的优点。简称PHB的聚合物是一     

用木质素生产生物塑料

最近，欧洲的一些科学家声称发明了用木质素生产生物塑料的方法，这不仅将有助于降低塑料生产对石油的依赖程度，还将促进可循环产品的生产。     

生物塑料推广迎来好时机

由于钉油树脂价格的上扬和生物塑料性能的提高，生物塑料的推广应用迎来发展好时机，并开始受到青睐。这是从不久前结束的2005年生物原料树脂商业化生产国际会议上传出的消息。与会者同时认为，生物塑料的需求是进一步扩大还是仅限于小范围的环保市场，将取决于未来一两年的情况。     

木质素生产生物塑料

据墨西哥《千年报》日前报道，欧洲的科研人员声称发明了用木质素生产生物塑料的方法，这不仅有助于降低塑料生产对石油的依赖程度．还将促进可循环产品的生产。报道说，木质素是从木材中提取的天然聚合物．可以用来生产聚氨酯泡沫塑料。科研人员在实验室从木质素中获得一种名叫Arboform的物质用以生产可再生塑料．由Arbofom制成的生物塑料可以加工生产出具备类似木材和涤纶特性的产品。     

新型生物基塑料的发展

塑料生产对石油依赖度高，伴随原料高涨、成本上升，原料供给保征存在问题。在许多使塑料生产脱离石油的努力中，世界各地进行的生物基塑料的开发，就是其中之一。     

生物塑料将成为重要的生产原料

绿色聚烯烃在生物基聚合物产品组合中,生物基聚乙烯（PE）走在了商业化进程的前列。巴西生产商Braskem正从当地种植的甘蔗中提取乙醇／乙烯,以作为生产绿色PE的原料,其所生产的绿色PE具有与石油基PE一样的性能。作为世界最大的生物塑料生产商之一,Braskem在其Triunfo工厂中拥有年产200000t生物基PE的产能。该工厂于2010年9月正式投产,     

借助细菌 地沟油能用于制造可降解生物塑料

<正>据报道,英国伍尔弗汉普顿大学科学家在普通微生物学会秋季会议上报告的一项研究结果中称,借助一种细菌,用俗称地沟油的废弃食用油作为原材料就能以较高效率合成可降解生物塑料,一旦实现规模化生产,不     

欧洲发明用木质素生产生物塑料方法

欧洲的科研人员声称发明了用木质素生产生物塑料的方法，这不仅有助于降低塑料生产对石油的依赖程度，还将促进可循环产品的生产。     

废弃油脂制备煤泥捕收剂的研究

通过小筛分试验和可浮性试验,说明煤泥易泥化,细泥含量高,黏附、夹带严重,导致精煤灰分偏高;煤泥属难浮煤种。采用废弃油脂制备煤泥浮选捕收剂,并进行实验室浮选试验,同时分析药剂作用机理。煤泥浮选试验表明:在精煤灰分相近的条件下,生物柴油对煤泥的捕收性要低于柴油和煤油。当柴油、煤油与生物柴油分别以质量比1∶9复合时,煤泥浮选效果较好,精煤产率分别比生物柴油提高10.52%和9.06%,浮选完善度分别提高5.32%和4.33%。GC-MS分析表明:制备的浮选捕收剂中含有不饱和结构—C=C—、含氧官能团O||—C—和疏水性较强的长链烷烃。生物柴油与非极性烃类油组合用作捕收剂时,主要存在共吸附和促进吸附两种吸附机理,提高了煤泥可浮性,促进药剂在煤浆中分散,增大药剂与煤粒表面的接触概率,降低药耗。     

Palm oil products in cooking fats

Palm oil and its products are used widely, either on their own or in combination with other oils and fats, to make products for cooking and other applications such as baking, icing, filling and topping. Palm oil and its products are not only cheaper to process but also impart into the product the functional properties demanded by some of these applications. Legislation governing production and marketing of these products in some of the important countries is reviewed. The physico-chemical characteristics of products marketed in different countries are also presented. Formulations based on palm oil and its products are suggested to make low or notrans acid fats and high PUFA fats.     

Biodiesel production from mixtures of canola oil and used cooking oil

Used cooking oil (UCO) was mixed with canola oil at various ratios in order to make use of used cooking oil for production of biodiesel and also lower the cost of biodiesel production. Methyl and ethyl esters were prepared by means of KOH-catalyzed transesterification from the mixtures of both the oils. Water content, acid value and viscosity of most esters met ASTM standard except for ethyl esters prepared from used cooking oil. Canola oil content of at least 60% in the used cooking oil/canola oil feedstock is required in order to produce ethyl ester satisfying ASTM specifications. Although ethanolysis was proved to be more challenging, ethyl esters showed reduced crystallization temperature (−45.0 to −54.4 °C) as compared to methyl esters (−35.3 to −43.0 °C). A somewhat better low-temperature property of ester was observed at higher used cooking oil to canola oil ratio in spite of similar fatty acid compositions of both oils.     

利用废食用油制备生物柴油的研究

研究了利用废食用油制备生物柴油的方法和工艺流程.以浓硫酸为催化剂,将废食用油中的游离脂肪酸先进行甲酯化,再以氢氧化钠为催化剂,对其中的甘油三酯进行酯交换制备生物柴油,通过正交实验分析游离脂肪酸甲酯化及甘油三酯酯交换的最佳条件.     

Effects of hydrogenation and additives on cooking oil performance of soybean oil

Soybean oil was continuously hydrogenated in a slurry system to investigate the effects of linolenate content and additives on cooking oil performance. Room odor evaluations carried out on oils heated to 190 C after frying bread cubes showed that the oils hydrogenated with Cu catalyst to 2.4% linolenate (Cu-2.4) and with Ni catalyst to 4.6 linolenate (Ni-4.6) had a significantly lower odor intensity score than the unhydrogenated soybean oil (SBO). Other hydrogenated oils (Cu-0.5 and Ni-2.7) were not significantly better than SBO. Oil hydrogenated with Ni (Ni-0.4) scored poorly because of its strong “hydrogenated-paraffin” odor. The performance of all partially hydrogenated oils (2.4, 2.7 and 4.6% linolenate) was improved by adding methyl silicone (MS), but the most hydrogenated oils (0.5 and 0.4% linolenate) were not improved. Although with tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) no improvement was obtained, with the combination of TBHQ + MS all odor scores were lower, indicating a synergistic effect. Evaluations of bread cubes after intermittent heating and frying showed that the breads fried in most hydrogenated oils (Ni-0.4, Cu-2.4 and Ni-2.7) were rated significantly better in flavor quality than breads fried in SBO. The bread cubes fried in MS-treated oils had significantly higher flavor quality scores than breads fried in SBO or SBO containing TBHQ. Dimer analyses by gel permeation chromatography and color development after heat treatments also did not correlate with sensory analyses.     

Physical-chemical properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel and castor oil biodiesel blends

This work presents the physical-chemical properties of fuel blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel or castor oil biodiesel with diesel oil. The properties evaluated were fuel density, kinematic viscosity, cetane index, distillation temperatures, and sulfur content, measured according to standard test methods. The results were analyzed based on present specifications for biodiesel fuel in Brazil, Europe, and USA. Fuel density and viscosity were increased with increasing biodiesel concentration, while fuel sulfur content was reduced. Cetane index is decreased with high biodiesel content in diesel oil. The biodiesel blends distillation temperatures T₁₀ and T₅₀ are higher than those of diesel oil, while the distillation temperature T₉₀ is lower. A brief discussion on the possible effects of fuel property variation with biodiesel concentration on engine performance and exhaust emissions is presented. The maximum biodiesel concentration in diesel oil that meets the required characteristics for internal combustion engine application is evaluated, based on the results obtained.     

餐饮油烟催化净化技术的研究进展

油烟污染控制是近年来人们关注的重点,介绍油烟的形成过程以及油烟的成分分析,表明油烟主要成分是脂肪酸、烷烃和烯烃等,其次是醛类、酯类、醇类及多环芳烃等。探讨当前油烟净化处理的多种方式,着重对催化转化法的研究现状进行阐述。     

Evaluation of physicochemical changes in cooking oil during heating

Rice bran oil and double fractionated palm olein (DF palm olein) were heated at 180 C for 50 hr to measure lipid deterioration in the oils. Free fatty acid content of both oils increased during heating; however, iodine value and smoke point decreased. Solid fat contents of both oils were unaffected by heating time. Cloud point of rice bran oil was much lower than that of palm olein. Color of oils changed gradually to dark brown from light yellow with increased heating time. Absolute content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as linoleic acid, reduced more than that of monounsaturated fatty acid, such as oleic acid, in both oils. In both oils, iodine value correlated very well with linoleic acid content, with correlation coefficient higher than 0.96.