2003年我国磷肥工业的回顾

阐述2003年我国磷肥工业所取得的主要成绩;对2004年的发展展望;我国磷肥工业目前存在的主要问题及若干建议。     

选择合适的磷矿资源生产钙镁磷肥

近年来,在磷肥行业中,对磷肥的发展方向、技术路线、发展品种等问题已进行了深入的讨论。提出了我国磷肥工业“酸热并举”的技术发展路线,提出了重点发展高浓度复合肥料的方向,这对我国磷肥工业从单一品种发展到多品种、从低浓度磷肥发展到高浓度磷肥、从单一养分发展到多种复合养分起到决定作用。在确定磷肥工业发展重点的同时,来研究一下现有品种的生产现状、改造方向以及发展     

富磷地区发展磷复肥应慎重

中国是世界第一大磷肥消费国，经过近10多年的快速发展，中国磷肥工业已经形成较完整的工业布局，能够基本满足中国农业对磷肥的需要。但因为中国磷肥工业集中度不高，企业规模小，布局分散，作为行业总体在国内市场竞争力较强，但企业竞争力不足。这就为中国在资源富集地区建设大规模磷复肥装置提供了依据。     

磷肥工业“十一五”发展规划思路

阐述磷肥工业现状、主要成绩、存在的主要问题。介绍“十一五”磷肥工业发展策略及目标,到2020年,磷肥生产能力达1 620万t P2O5,产量达1 320~1 350万t P2O5,高浓度磷肥产量占磷肥总产量的65%~70%。并提出了建议国家采取的政策措施。     

经济危机背景下中国磷肥工业面临的问题与机遇

中国磷肥工业面临的处境从来没有今天这样尴尬,它既要替政府担负农业安全的重任,又要直接去面对市场。2008年的宏观调控和经济危机的双重冲击,使中国磷肥工业遭受巨额损失。其全年经济总量仅2400亿元,单就高价硫磺给行业带来的损失就超过200亿元。全行业过去10多年的积累毁于一旦,进入成本与市场严重倒挂、产能严重过剩、对国外市场过度依赖的泥潭。如今,全球性经济危机尚未见底,中国磷肥工业如何走出泥潭,是业界普遍关注的话题。本文试图通过历史的回顾,挖掘行业存在的问题,探索中国磷肥工业新生的希望。     

中国磷矿资源和磷肥生产与消费

介绍了中国磷矿资源特点、磷矿开采状况以及磷肥生产、消费情况,并就目前磷矿开采中存在的问题进行了讨论,对中国磷肥工业的持续发展提出了相应的对策和建议.     

对改变我省氮磷比例失调的几点意见

近年来化肥工业发展较快,对农业增产起了相当大的作用。但是氮肥发展速度大大超过了磷肥发展速度。目前我省氮肥产量已达270万吨,而磷肥只30多万吨。这对各种作物生长所需的氮磷比例是不相符合的,1979年开始出现的氮肥滞销,而磷肥脱销现象就说明了这个问题。     

认清形势 把握机遇 深化改革 依靠科技 促进湖南磷肥工业的发展

本文分析了我省磷肥工业的形势与问题,论述了把握机遇,深化改革,依靠科技进步促进我省磷肥工业发展的途径。     

加快发展速度 改善产品结构使磷肥工业以崭新的面貌进入21世纪

介绍我国磷肥工业的发展现状、存在问题以及今后发展的主导思想，并提出调整磷肥产品结构的具体意见。此外，针对当前磷肥工业所存在的主要问题提出若干建议。     

做好中国磷化工产业的思考

目前，中国已经步入世界磷肥生产和消费大国，磷肥生产量和消费量均居于世界首位。但中国磷肥、磷酸盐产业及污染治理与发达国家还存在许多差距。做好中国磷化工产业，应从各个角度综合考虑。近十几年中国是世界上磷复肥发展最快的国家，特别是2000-2008年间，磷肥产量年均增长11．2％，远超过世界磷肥工业平均2％～3％的发展速度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。