一种改进的动态ID远程用户身份认证方案

由于网络安全的需要,利用智能卡的双因子身份鉴别方案越来越受到重视。首先分析了Wang Yan-yan等人提出的基于动态ID的远程用户身份认证方案的安全性,指出其方案的安全缺陷是不能抵抗离线的口令猜测攻击;随后提出了一种改进的方案,改进之后的方案能有效抵抗重放攻击、离线口令猜测攻击、假冒服务器/用户攻击。经过安全分析,新的方案在保留了原方案优点的同时,具有了更高的安全性。     

基于智能卡的轻量级非平衡型口令认证方案

智能卡与口令相结合的身份认证方式既可保留使用强密钥优势,又具有使用方便的特点,是一种理想的安全双因子认证方式。当前许多公开的口令认证方案,要么需要较强的计算环境而难于采用智能卡快速实现,要么不能抵抗离线口令猜测攻击或服务端内部攻击而存在安全缺陷。提出一种非平衡型口令认证方案,基于智能卡和用户口令双因子设计,具有简便高效、口令安全、双向认证特点,能够抵御离线口令猜测攻击和服务端内部攻击,可用于满足设备开机时的安全认证需求。     

一种智能卡口令认证方案的分析与改进

袁,吕提出了一种智能卡口令认证方案.在他们的方案中,用户能随意更改口令,远程系统不需要存储用户的口令表或验证表,并能防止重放攻击.作者指出袁-吕方案不能抵抗假冒攻击,并进行了改进.     

远程用户身份鉴别方案分析与改进

2009年,Liao—Wang提出了一种基于智能卡的典型远程用户身份鉴别方案,经分析证明该方案存在安全脆弱性,容易受到离线口令猜测攻击,攻击者伪装成服务器的攻击,域内合法用户伪装成域内其他用户的攻击。之后提出了一种安全改进方案,解决了上述脆弱性问题,具有可靠的安全性。     

一种适于受限资源环境的远程用户认证方案的分析与改进

该文讨论了Fang等人(2011)新近提出的一个安全高效的基于智能卡的远程用户口令认证方案,指出原方案无法实现所声称的抗离线口令猜测攻击,对平行会话攻击和已知密钥攻击是脆弱的,并且存在用户口令更新友好性差问题。给出一个改进方案,对其进行了安全性和效率分析。分析结果表明,改进方案弥补了原方案的安全缺陷,保持了较高的效率,适用于安全需求较高的资源受限应用环境。     

基于Diffie—Hellman的一次性口令认证方案

针对目前一次性口令的不足,借鉴质询/响应方案的思想设计了一种基于Diffie-Hellman的一次性口令认证方案.与传统方案相比,该方案不仅能够提供通信双方的相互认证,而且能够抵抗重放攻击、离线口令猜测攻击和假冒攻击,极大地增强了应用系统的安全性.     

一种基于指纹的远程双向身份鉴别方案

文中分析了Khan等人提出的基于指纹和智能卡的远程双向身份鉴别方案,指出原方案不能抵抗伪造服务攻击、不能及时验证用户输入口令的正确性。提出了基于Rabin密码体制和nonce的改进方案,改进方案克服了原方案中存在的安全漏洞,保留了原方案中对指纹和智能卡的使用,且具有更高的安全性。     

基于电子钥匙的双向身份鉴别方案

通过改进鉴别方案的安全策略和身份鉴别信息,提出了一种基于USB Key的可有效对抗离线口令猜测攻击和内部攻击的改进方案。安全性分析表明,改进后的方案保持了非存储数据型鉴别方案特点,且没有增加计算代价,具有更好的安全性和实用性。     

基于随机数和Hash函数的认证方案

分析了一个低开销的基于随机数的远程身份认证方案的安全性，指出了该方案的安全缺陷。构造了一个基于随机数和Hash函数、使用智能卡的远程身份认证方案（NHRA方案）。该方案使用随机数，避免了使用时戳带来的重放攻击的潜在风险。该方案允许用户自主选择和更改口令，实现了双向认证，有更小的计算开销；能够抵御假冒远程主机攻击、抵御假冒合法用户攻击；能够迅速检测口令输入错误及正确判断认证失败原因；具备强安全修复性。     

基于相互认证和密钥协商机制的智能卡远程安全认证方案

分析2011年Muniyandi等人提出的一种基于椭圆曲线密码(ECC)体制的智能卡进行远程认证方案,发现该方案缺乏密钥协商机制,不能有效抵抗伪装攻击、认证表盗窃攻击、离线猜测攻击和智能卡丢失等攻击。提出一种改进方案,融入相互认证和密钥协商机制来克服以上缺陷,确保前向和后向保密性,且用户能够自由修改密码,同时对用户信息进行匿名保护。与现有智能卡认证方案相比,该方案具有较高的安全性能,且具有较小的计算开销。     

A new three-factor authentication and key agreement protocol for multi-server environment

Several password and smart-card based two-factor security remote user authentication protocols for multi-server environment have been proposed for the last two decades. Due to tamper-resistant nature of smart cards, the security parameters are stored in it and it is also a secure place to perform authentication process. However, if the smart card is lost or stolen, it is possible to extract the information stored in smart card using power analysis attack. Hence, the two factor security protocols are at risk to various attacks such as password guessing attack, impersonation attack, replay attack and so on. Therefore, to enhance the level of security, researchers have focused on three-factor (Password, Smart Card, and Biometric) security authentication scheme for multi-server environment. In existing biometric based authentication protocols, keys are generated using fuzzy extractor in which keys cannot be renewed. This property of fuzzy extractor is undesirable for revocation of smart card and re-registration process when the smart card is lost or stolen. In addition, existing biometric based schemes involve public key cryptosystem for authentication process which leads to increased computation cost and communication cost. In this paper, we propose a new multi-server authentication protocol using smart card, hash function and fuzzy embedder based biometric. We use Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic to prove the correctness of the new scheme. The security features and efficiency of the proposed scheme is compared with recent schemes and comparison results show that this scheme provides strong security with a significant efficiency.

     

Security Enhanced Anonymous User Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme Using Smart Card

Nowadays, the password-based remote user authentication mechanism using smart card is one of the simplest and convenient authentication ways to ensure secure communications over the public network environments. Recently, Liu et al. proposed an efficient and secure smart card based password authentication scheme. However, we find that Liu et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to the off-line password guessing attack and user impersonation attack. Furthermore, it also cannot provide user anonymity. In this paper, we cryptanalyze Liu et al.’s scheme and propose a security enhanced user authentication scheme to overcome the aforementioned problems. Especially, in order to preserve the user anonymity and prevent the guessing attack, we use the dynamic identity technique. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme is more secure and efficient than other related authentication schemes.     

Security flaws in two improved remote user authentication schemes using smart cards

Understanding security failures of cryptographic protocols is the key to both patching existing protocols and designing future schemes. In this paper, we analyze two recent proposals in the area of password‐based remote user authentication using smart cards. First, we point out that the scheme of Chen et al. cannot achieve all the claimed security goals and report its following flaws: (i) it is vulnerable to offline password guessing attack under their nontamper resistance assumption of the smart cards; and (ii) it fails to provide forward secrecy. Then, we analyze an efficient dynamic ID‐based scheme without public‐key operations introduced by Wen and Li in 2012. This proposal attempts to overcome many of the well‐known security and efficiency shortcomings of previous schemes and supports more functionalities than its counterparts. Nevertheless, Wen–Li's protocol is vulnerable to offline password guessing attack and denial of service attack, and fails to provide forward secrecy and to preserve user anonymity. Furthermore, with the security analysis of these two schemes and our previous protocol design experience, we put forward three general principles that are vital for designing secure smart‐card‐based password authentication schemes: (i) public‐key techniques are indispensable to resist against offline password guessing attack and to preserve user anonymity under the nontamper resistance assumption of the smart card; (ii) there is an unavoidable trade‐off when fulfilling the goals of local password update and resistance to smart card loss attack; and (iii) at least two exponentiation (respectively elliptic curve point multiplication) operations conducted on the server side are necessary for achieving forward secrecy. The cryptanalysis results discourage any practical use of the two investigated schemes and are important for security engineers to make their choices correctly, whereas the proposed three principles are valuable to protocol designers for advancing more robust schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel user’s authentication scheme for pervasive on-line media services

Due to the explosive growth of the Internet and the pervasion of multimedia, protection of intellectual property (IP) rights of digital content in transactions induces people’s concerns. Current security requirements and copyright protection mechanisms especially need to work in real-time and on-line for communication and networking. For media service systems in the Internet, user’s authentication is most essential in association with the access control of the media system. The authentication scheme is a trivial but crucial issue for maintaining user’s information. Up to now, many one-time password-based authentication schemes have been proposed. However, none is secure enough. The purpose of a one-time password (OTP) is to make it more difficult to gain unauthorized access to restricted resources. Traditionally static passwords can more easily be obtained by an unauthorized intruder given enough attempts and time. By constantly altering the password, as is done with a one-time password, this risk can be greatly reduced. These schemes are specially fit for media services in the Internet since they will frustrate the attacker’s attempt. Lin, Shen and Hwang proposed a strong-password authentication scheme in association with one-time password by using smart cards, and claimed their scheme can resist guess attack, replay attack, impersonation attack and stolen attack. Later, Ku, Tsai, and Chen showed that Lin-Shen-Hwang’s scheme suffers from a replay attack and a denial-of-service attack. Furthermore, Ku proposed a hash-based strong-password authentication scheme to enhance the security. In this paper, we show the weaknesses and devise some attacks against Ku’s scheme. Then, we revise Ku’s scheme and propose a novel user’s authentication scheme in pervasive on-line media services for current communication and networking.