相移超结构光纤布拉格光栅 OCDMA编/解码器及其相关特性

研究了基于相移超结构光纤布拉格光栅(SSFBG)的光码分多址(OCDMA)编/解码器的结构及实现双极性编/解码的原理.利用传输矩阵法仿真了器件的相关特性,推导了凶光栅周期不同而导致的编/解码器之间布拉格波长偏差对器件相关特性的影响.结果表明,随着码字长度的增加,器件的相关特性得到改善;但是当保持码片间隔不变而增加码字长度时,编/解码器的相关特性对布拉格波长偏差更加敏感,对于长度为31的Gold序列,当码片间隔为6ps,布拉格波长为1.555μm时,布拉格波长偏差＜0.02nm方可得到编/解码器之间良好的相关特性;这表明同一码字可以在不同的布拉格波长下重复使用,此特性有望用于波分复用(WDM)型OCDMA系统中.     

半导体双波长透射式红外干涉仪的研制及应用

采用635nm波长半导体可见光激光和10.5μm波长半导体红外激光作为干涉光源,设计了635nm和10.5μm双波段共光路透射式红外干涉仪,实现了可见光波段干涉测试与红外光波段干涉测试共光路,且双光路共用可见光对准。双波段共用机械式相移系统,并采用635nm测试光分段驻点标定10.5μm测试时相移器的长行程误差。研制的双波长红外干涉仪系统的红外测试精度达到PV优于0.05λ,RMS优于0.02λ,系统重复性RMS优于0.001λ。采用该干涉仪测试口径为400mm×400mm,离轴量为800mm的离轴非球面,得到边缘最大偏差值为21.9μm,能够实现大口径离轴非球面从粗磨到精磨高精度加工面形的全过程干涉测试。     

WHY—1型色心激光多用抽运源

一、引言近来可调谐激光在激光光谱、激光化学、激光频率测量等方面的广泛应用,越来越引起人们的关注。色心激光器是获得宽带可调谐激光的一种重要方法,目前色心激光的调谐范围已从红外扩展到近红外的4μm左右。色心激光器一般采用氩离子激光(波长为514.5nm),氪离子激光(波长为647.1nm和674.7nm),Nd:YAP激光(波长为1.064μm和1.319μm)及其倍频激光以及染料激光作为泵浦源。对于Nd:YAP激光的产生还须要用放电光源如氪灯等作为     

毛细石英管构成的高灵敏度位移传感器

设计了一款基于光纤F-P干涉仪型的位移传感器。首先,将单模光纤和毛细石英管熔接在一起,用飞秒激光微加工技术把毛细石英管切成长度为100μm,端面为光滑平面;然后,把该结构固定在精密位移平台上,在毛细石英管末端面位置处垂直放置一面全反镜,构成一个复合的F-P干涉仪。在实验时,通过调节精密位移平台上的千分尺改变毛细石英管与平面镜镜面的距离,从而改变F-P干涉仪的腔长。实验发现传感器反射谱谐振峰的中心波长随位移变化发生线性漂移,通过考察中心波长漂移量实现位移量的精确测量。实验获得传感器的最大位移灵敏度为254 pm/μm,测量的最大位移量为90μm。设计的光纤位移传感器结构简单、易于制作、灵敏度高,在航空航天、海底探测、工业精密加工等精度要求高的微位移测量场合具有一定的应用前景。     

红外声光可调谐滤光器

本文报导了一个红外声光可调谐滤光器的研制,该器件的光谱调谐范围为1.2～3.0μm,在2.1μm处的通带宽度为40Å。文中详细地讨论了器件的设计、性能测试和分析。     

基于ZnO压电薄膜的柔性声表面波器件

提出并制备了基于聚酰亚胺柔性衬底的声表面波(SAW)器件。在柔性聚酰亚胺衬底上低温反应磁控溅射沉积了ZnO压电薄膜;采用X射线衍射仪,扫描电子显微镜,原子力显微镜等设备对ZnO薄膜进行了检测,结果表明:ZnO薄膜晶粒呈柱状生长并且(002)择优取向,膜粗糙度小于9nm,适合制作压电器件。在柔性衬底上制备了基于ZnO压电薄膜的SAW器件,该器件表现出良好的谐振性能。采用矢量网络分析仪检测器件的传输曲线,实验结果与仿真结果具有很好的一致性。随着波长减小,谐振频率和相速度增加,当ZnO厚度为4μm,波长为8μm时,器件的谐振频率为268MHz,相速度为2 144m/s,机电耦合系数为1.1%;当ZnO厚度增加时,此叠层结构的声表面器件的叠层声速也增加。     

利用双参考光纤光栅的光纤光栅传感解调系统

光纤Bragg光栅是一种波长调制型光纤器件,利用光纤Bragg光栅反射波长对某外界参量(即待测量)的敏感效应,可以研制出光纤光栅传感器.对于光纤光栅传感系统而言其关键技术是如何解调,而在使用可调谐F-P滤波器解调时,只是注意避免光纤光栅的交叉敏感,却忽略了对可调谐滤波器的稳定性考虑.通过对可调谐F-P滤波器性能的分析,利用双参考光纤光栅得出基于可调谐F-P滤波器解调的准分布式光纤光栅传感解调系统,该系统对于外界环境稳定性好,测得数据可靠.     

基于声光调谐的扫频光源

提出了一种利用声光调谐方法进行滤波的扫频光源来提高它的输出稳定性。阐述了实现光源稳定输出的原理和方法,研究和分析了光源的相关参数。该系统采用声光调谐的方法代替机械滤波的方式。在一个环形腔内,使用半导体光放大器(SOA)作为增益介质,声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)作为波长选择元件,利用声光调谐的原理对腔内的光进行选频滤波。在280mA的注入电流下,得到了1 294~1 368nm的扫频光源,其中心波长为1 328nm,半高全宽为51nm,扫频速度为3 731Hz,环形腔内直接输出的光功率为1.14mW。由于AOTF是电控制元件,波长的调谐不需要机械移动部件,故提高了系统的稳定性,输出光谱的重复性也很好。实验显示:通过这种方法获得的扫频光源输出稳定,基本满足扫频相干层析成像系统对扫频光源工艺参数的要求。     

光生载流子对半导体波导材料折射率影响的模型研究

以半导体矩形波导材料为例,提出了正在研究中的全内反射型光控光开关的光注入及光生载流子对折射率影响的分析模型.得出在控制光照射方向上半导体材料的折射率随控制光强度变化而变化的分布情况.并分别得到了1.55μm和1.31μm通讯波长的光控光开关的控制光(0.8μm)强度阈门.     

光生载流子对半导体波导材料折射率影响的模型研究

以半导体矩形波导材料为例,提出了正在研究中的全内反射型光控光开关的光注入及光生载流子对折射率影响的分析模型.得出在控制光照射方向上半导体材料的折射率随控制光强度变化而变化的分布情况.并分别得到了1.55μm和1.31μm通讯波长的光控光开关的控制光(0.8μm)强度阈门.     

Application of Fabry-Pérot and fiber Bragg grating pressure sensors to simultaneous measurement of liquid level and specific gravity

An approach is proposed for obtaining simultaneous measurements of the level and specific gravity of a liquid using a dual-pressure-sensor system comprising a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pressure sensor and a Fabry-Pérot (FP) pressure sensor. In the FBG sensor, the pressure is derived from the FBG wavelength shift induced when the sensor is immersed in the liquid. Meanwhile, in the FP sensor, the pressure is calculated from the change in cavity length which takes place when the sensor is immersed. The advantageous concept of the dual-pressure-sensor system is atmospheric pressure compensation. The experimental results show that the FBG and FP pressure sensors have sensitivities of 0.1495 nm/kPa and 0.1569 μm/kPa, respectively. Analytical formulae are derived for the level and specific gravity of the liquid in terms of the FBG wavelength shift, the change in cavity length, and the vertical separation distance between the two sensors.     

薄膜G-T腔结构的空间波分解复用器设计

结合全通滤波器的设计方法,利用一维薄膜光子晶体的超棱镜效应,设计了一种G-T腔(Gires-Tournois腔)型薄膜空间波分解复用器,可在特定波段得到线性大空间色散,实现对入射光束的空间解复用作用。文中针对850nm波段进行了具体设计,以低折射率材料为腔材料,采用Sub H(LH)M1[(LL)C1]H(LH)M2[(LL)C2]H(LH)M3[(LL)C3]…的膜系结构,在844~856nm的范围内得到约19.3μm的线性空间色散位移。     

光生载流子对半导体波导材料折射率影响的模型研究

以半导体矩形波导材料为例 ,提出了正在研究中的全内反射型光控光开关的光注入及光生载流子对折射率影响的分析模型。得出在控制光照射方向上半导体材料的折射率随控制光强度变化而变化的分布情况。并分别得到了 1 .5 5μm和 1 .3 1μm通讯波长的光控光开关的控制光 (0 .8μm)强度阈门     

双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的温度特性

对适用于温度传感的双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪进行了研究,并通过将一根单模双芯光纤熔接在两根单模光纤之间,制得了双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪型梳状滤波器.用干涉原理分别分析了该器件传输谱的自由空间谱宽与波长、双芯光纤的长度和两纤芯间的有效折射率差的关系,实验检测了它的温度特性.结果显示,随着温度的升高,该器件的传输谱发生红...     

Optical extinction monitor using cw cavity enhanced detection

We present details of an apparatus capable of measuring optical extinction (i.e., scattering and/or absorption) with high precision and sensitivity. The apparatus employs one variant of cavity enhanced detection, specifically cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy, using a near-confocal arrangement of two high reflectivity (R approximately 0.9999) mirrors in tandem with an enclosed cell 26 cm in length, a light emitting diode (LED), and a vacuum photodiode detector. The square wave modulated light from the LED passes through the absorption cell and is detected as a distorted wave form which is characterized by a phase shift with respect to the initial modulation. The amount of that phase shift is a function of fixed instrument properties-cell length, mirror reflectivity, and modulation frequency-and of the presence of a scatterer or absorber (air, particles, trace gases, etc.) within the cell. The specific implementation reported here employs a blue LED; the wavelength and spectral bandpass of the measurement are defined by the use of an interference filter centered at 440 nm with a 20 nm wide bandpass. The monitor is enclosed within a standard 19 in. rack-mounted instrumentation box, weighs 10 kg, and uses 70 W of electrical power including a vacuum pump. Measurements of the phase shift induced by Rayleigh scattering from several gases (which range in extinction coefficient from 0.4-32 Mm(-1)) exhibit a highly linear dependence (r(2)=0.999 97) when plotted as the co-tangent of the phase shift versus the expected extinction. Using heterodyne demodulation techniques, we demonstrate a detection limit of 0.04 Mm(-1) (4 x 10(-10) cm(-1)) (2sigma) in 10 s integration time and a base line drift of less than +/-0.1 Mm(-1) over a 24 h period. Detection limits decrease as the square root of integration time out to approximately 150 s.     

Research on the fiber Bragg grating sensor for the shock stress measurement

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor with an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer for the shock stress measurement is proposed and demonstrated. An analysis relationship between the shock stress and the central reflection wavelength shift of the FBG is firstly derived. In this sensor, the optical path difference of the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer is ~3.1 mm and the length of the FBG is 2 mm. An arctangent function reduction method, which can avoid sine function's insensitive zone where the shock stress measurement has a reduced accuracy, is presented. A shock stress measurement of water driven by one stage gun (up to 1.4 GPa), with good theoretical accuracy (~10%), is launched.     

级联Y分支光波导的优化设计

设计了一种适于级联的Y分支结构。因光输入场不对称产生高阶模,且光输入区的畸变而产生的辐射场与导模之间容易发生干涉,这些因素导致Y分支输出不均匀。在输入波导后添加一段起模式过滤作用的窄波导结构,可以在对器件长度及损耗影响很小的情况下,有效滤除高阶模,减小干涉效应,改善器件输出的均匀性。使用该结构设计并优化的1×4分束器,在输入光波长为1.3μm、1.55μm时,器件均匀性可以分别达到0.0191dB和0.0214dB。     

大功率CO2激光器薄膜λ/4波片的制备及薄膜位相延迟的初步研究

作为光束均值器,λ/4波片是大功率CO₂激光加工机中的关键部件。多层膜反射镜（包括内反射和外反射）,在倾斜入射时,两个偏振分量会产生不同的相移,因此可用计算机优化设计出特定位相差的膜系。本文的目的是设计10.6μm的90°相位膜,它的作用就象四分之一波片。与传统的波片相比,它的优点是可以适用于任何波长,具有高的位相精度和大的孔径。文中提出了两种设计方法,并报告了制备技术、实验结果及误差分析。     

应用于微型成像的氮化镓超透镜设计

为了实现可见光入射时亚波长尺度内的聚焦,设计了以氮化镓(GaN)纳米柱为基本晶胞的超透镜,该透镜能够改进传统成像系统的笨重低效,可应用于微型成像系统。超透镜表面由宽度渐变高度不变的GaN纳米柱阵列构成,分析GaN在亚波长尺度内对相位的调控能力和机理,并基于时域有限差分法模拟仿真了在蓝光波长为460nm入射时透射场的高效率聚焦,对比超透镜尺寸为3.75μm×3.75μm、6.75μm×6.75μm、8.75μm×8.75μm、10.75μm×10.75μm时超透镜的聚焦能力,得出聚焦后透射场焦点处的半峰全宽分别为1,0.8,0.5,0.3μm,给出了强度分布、聚焦光斑等仿真模拟结果,发现实际焦距与设计值存在偏差,且随超透镜尺寸的变化而变化。文中所设计的超透镜能够在微米级别实现聚焦,有效降低了传统成像系统的复杂度。     

Design of far-infrared three-wave polarimeter-interferometer system for the J-TEXT tokamak

A multichannel three-wave far-infrared polarimeter-interferometer will be constructed on the J-TEXT tokamak (R=1.05?m, a=0.27?m, B(T)≤3?T, and I(P)≤350?kA) for current density profile and electron density profile measurements. The system will adopt the three-wave polarimeter configuration which was first introduced on RTP. Three 432.5?μm HCOOH lasers pumped by three CO(2) lasers separately will be adopted, which could generate high output power, nearly 50 mW at each cavity. Two of them will be counter-rotating circularly polarized to probe the Faraday angle, while the third laser will be used as a local oscillator to get the phase shift caused by electron density. Excellent port access (600×76?mm(2)) and high laser power would promise a profile measurement across the whole plasma section with good signal quality. A high-speed digital phase comparator with a few (～2)?μs temporal resolution will be developed, so that fast changes of current or density profile could be measured. Six channels will be installed in the first stage.