深过冷三元Fe_(35)Cu_(35)Si_(30)合金的液相分离与枝晶生长特征（英文）

采用熔融玻璃净化技术研究了三元Fe_(35)Cu_(35)Si_(30)合金的液相分离与枝晶生长特征。实验获得的最大过冷度为328 K(0.24T L)。结果表明,合金在深过冷条件下具有三重凝固机制。当过冷度小于24 K时,α-Fe相为初生相,凝固组织为均匀分布的枝晶。过冷度超过24 K之后,合金熔体分离为富Fe区和富Cu区。在过冷度低于230K的范围内,Fe Si金属间化合物为富Fe区的初生相;当过冷度高于230 K时,Fe_5Si_3金属间化合物取代Fe Si相成为富Fe区的初生相。随着合金过冷度的增加,Fe Si相的生长速率逐渐升高,而Fe_5Si_3相的生长速率将逐渐降低。在富Cu区,初生相始终为Fe Si金属间化合物。能谱分析表明,富Fe区和富Cu区的平均成分均已严重偏离初始合金成分。     

包覆钎料铝-钢螺柱焊接头组织及性能

采用包覆钎料感应加热方法,以AlSi钎料作为焊缝填充金属,对Q235钢螺柱和6061铝合金进行钎焊.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析等表征方法,对接头的组织、成分和相组成等进行了分析.结果表明,AlSi钎料与铝母材反应充分,Si元素扩散至铝母材形成针叶状的共晶组织,焊缝近钢侧生成一条狭窄连续的Fe-Al金属间化合物,并沿垂直于铝基体的方向生成出胞状晶,金属间化合物层由Fe2Al5和FeAl3的混合相组织组成.力学性能测试表明,接头的抗剪强度最大为65 MPa,近钢侧金属间化合物的显微硬度值较高,接头断裂在金属间化合物区域,属于延性断裂.     

微量Sr+Ce复合变质对AlSi10MnMg合金显微组织、导热性能及力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

以AlSi10MnMg铝硅合金为基础,研究微量Sr+Ce复合变质对AlSi10MnMg合金显微组织、导热性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在金属型铸造条件下,Sr、Ce的添加有效改善了AlSi10MnMg合金中共晶Si形貌,降低了Si相尺寸,提高了Si相圆整度,进而提升了合金导热率及力学性能。添加0.05%Sr+0.02%Ce(质量分数)时合金变质效果最优,与未变质的AlSi10MnMg合金相比,其导热率提升了14.86%,达到181.68 W/(m•K);抗拉强度提升了42.4%,达到228.94 MPa;伸长率提升了101.5%,达到14.62%,实现了导热性能与力学性能的良好结合。而当稀土元素Ce添加量超过0.04%(质量分数)后,合金的导热率及力学性能呈降低趋势。针对复合变质后合金中可能出现的金属间化合物进行建模、优化,并采用第一性原理和Cahill模型对其导热率进行计算,研究发现Sr+Ce复合变质后,合金中出现的Sr-RE金属间化合物会降低AlSi10MnMg合金的导热性及力学性能。     

RE对挤压铸造AlSi7Cu4MgMn合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同RE(Ce、La混合稀土)含量对挤压铸造AlSi7Cu4MgMn合金组织、力学性能及铸造性能的影响。结果表明,RE可提升合金铸造性能,大幅度提高合金成形的良品率。不含RE时,AlSi7Cu4MgMn合金微观组织由α-Al基体、共晶Si相、块状α-Fe相、小块聚集状Al_2Cu相及其他强化相组成;添加适量RE后,块状Fe相转变为短棒状形态,Al_2Cu相细化并形成Al_xCu_4Mg_5Si_4复杂相;过量RE添加会导致合金中富Fe相聚集长大,恶化合金性能。添加0.25%的RE时合金力学性能最佳,抗拉强度为430MPa,屈服强度为392MPa,伸长率为6.8%。     

Al-5Mg-0.8Mn合金的凝固组织研究

通过重熔-凝固试验,研究了接近AA5083合金成分的Al-5Mg-0.8Mn合金的凝固组织。结果表明:Fe和Si元素对Al-5Mg-0.8Mn有重大影响,促进了金属间化合物Al_6(Fe,Mn)和Mg_2Si的形成。当Fe、Si含量很低时,Al-5Mg-0.8Mn合金的凝固组织非常简单,只是在α-Al基体上零星散落着一些细小的Al_6(Fe,Mn)共晶相。当Fe、Si含量较高时,合金中不但出现了大量粗大的Al_6(Fe,Mn)和Mg_2Si共晶相,而且,共晶相Al_6(Fe,Mn)呈现多种不同的形态,而Mg2Si相主要呈汉字状。     

激光熔炼Ti5Si3／NiTi金属间化合物合金的组织及耐磨性

设计并利用激光熔炼技术制备出了以Ti5Si3为增强相、以NiTi为基体的金属间化合物新型耐磨合金，研究了增强相Ti5Si3的含量对合金显微组织、显微硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明，随Ti5Si3含量的增加，合金显微组织由亚共晶向共晶、过共晶转化，增强相Ti5Si3由细层片状共晶相向块状初生相转变，合金显微硬度随之显著提高；在室温干滑动磨损条件下，Ti5Si3／NiTi金属间化合物合金具有优异的耐磨性，并随Ti5Si3增强相的增加而显著提高。Ti5Si3增强相的高硬度和NiTi基体的高韧性及伪弹性效应是该合金具有优异耐磨性能的主要原因。     

激光熔炼TiCo／Ti5Si3双相金属间化合物合金组织及耐磨性

利用激光熔炼技术制备出以金属硅化物Ti5Si3为耐磨增强相、以金属间化合物TiCo为增韧相的双相金属间化合物新型耐磨合金。用OM，SEM，XRD与EDS等方法分析了合金的显微组织、相组成及成分。在室温干滑动磨损条件下测试了合金的耐磨性能，研究了合金组织中TiCo含量对合金显微组织、硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明，合金的显微组织均由块状Ti5Si3初生相及TiCo／Ti5Si3共晶基体组成并具有优异的室温干滑动耐磨损性能。随TiCo含量的增加，初生相Ti5Si3的体积分数与合金的显微硬度下降，合金的韧性与耐磨性能随之显著提高。Ti5Si3的高硬度和TiCo的高韧性是该合金具有优异耐磨性能的主要原因。     

Si含量对挤压铸造Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn-0.7Fe合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用拉伸性能和硬度测试、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等手段研究不同Si含量对挤压铸造Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn-0.7Fe合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当挤压压力为0时,随着Si含量的增加,凝固后期形成的富铁相阻止液相补缩,形成缩松组织,导致合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率都下降;当挤压压力为75MPa时,随着Si含量增加,缩松组织消失,虽然细小和分散的α-Al15(Fe Mn)3(Si Cu)2相和Al2Cu相数量增多,但Al6(Fe Mn Cu)相消失,有利于晶界强化和阻止裂纹的扩展,使得合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度增加;虽然富铁相数量的增加使得合金伸长率降低,但挤压铸造工艺减缓了伸长率降低的趋势。当挤压压力为75 MPa和Si含量为1.1%(质量分数)时,合金的综合力学性能最好,其抗拉强度为232 MPa,屈服强度为118 MPa,伸长率为12.4%。     

高压和锰添加对流变挤压成形过共晶Al-Si合金富铁相和力学性能的影响（英文）

研究高压和锰添加对流变挤压成形Al-14Si-2Fe合金富铁相和力学性能的影响。首先,将半固态合金熔体进行超声振动处理,然后挤压成形。结果显示,当挤压力为0 MPa时,无超声挤压成形的Al-14Si-2Fe-(0.4,0.8)Mn合金铸态组织中的富铁相主要由粗大β-Al_5(Fe,Mn)Si相、δ-Al_4(Fe,Mn)_3Si_2相和骨骼状α-Al_(15)(Fe,Mn)3Si_2相组成。在流变挤压成形下,富铁相首先被超声振动细化,然后压力下的凝固使其尺寸进一步减小。在α相的形成过程中发生包晶反应。当合金成分相同时,流变挤压成形试样比无超声挤压成形试样的抗拉强度高;当成形工艺相同时,Al-14Si-2Fe-0.8Mn合金比Al-14Si-2Fe-0.4Mn合金的抗拉强度高。     

FeSi相增强金属间化合物内加热套管耐熔锌腐蚀性能

针对热浸镀锌内加热保护套管材料的腐蚀问题,采用机械合金化-退火处理工艺制备Fe-Si金属间化合物,研究了不同Fe、Si原子比对金属间化合物相成分和耐锌液腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:不同Fe、Si原子比的粉末经球磨-退火后都能得到Fe-Si金属间化合物。由于含有较多的Fe Si致密相,Fe、Si原子比为1∶3的试样具有良好的耐锌液腐蚀性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。