癌胚抗原(CEA)酶联免疫分析试剂盒的研制

以一株CEA单克隆抗体(McAb)用于固相包被,另一株McAb与辣根过氧化物酶偶联制备抗CEA酶标记物,以四甲基联苯胺(TMB)为底物,采用二步法,制备了CEA酶联免疫分析(ELISA)试剂盒.本方法的灵敏度为0.4μg/L,批内变异系数＜10.0%,批间变异系数＜15.0%,回收率为99.4%～108.7%,特异性鉴定显示与其它肿瘤标志物无明显交叉反应.正常参考值＜10.0μg/L.该方法具有简便、快速和准确的特点,适用于临床检测和科研应用.     

人胎盘泌乳素免疫测定用国家标准品的研制

人胎盘泌乳素原料经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析在相对分子量为21 000～22 000处有两条显色相近的主带,在5 000～80 000处有数条微弱杂质色带,蛋白定量分析为1.06 g/L,用放射免疫分析方法标定其免疫活性为2.187 g/L,其剂量-反应曲线与人胎盘泌乳素国际参考品(编号73/545)平行,表明该原料适于制作标准品.用含0.2%(w/V)人血清白蛋白、1%甘露醇的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.01 mol/L,pH7.4)配制的30 mg/L人胎盘泌乳素溶液按每安瓿0.5 mL分装,经冷冻干燥制备成标准品.以人胎盘泌乳素国际参考品为对照品,用放射免疫分析法对其免疫活性进行标定,均值为14.19μg/支,95%可信限为13.50～14.88 μg/支.分别以国际标准品和本标准品为对照品测定同一套人胎盘泌乳素质控血清,证明对不同剂量水平的质控血清测定均值非常接近,统计学分析上无显著差异,P＞0.05.     

癌胚抗原(CEA)固相包被管法免疫放射分析

采用了两株CEA单克隆抗体(McAb),一株用于固相包被,另一株用于标记制备125I-CEAMcAb,研制了一步法CEA免疫放射分析(IRMA)试剂盒.本方法的灵敏度为0.5μg/L,批内变异系数＜10.0%,批间变异系数＜15.0%,回收率为97.4%～108.9%,特异性鉴定显示与其它肿瘤标志物无明显交叉反应.正常参考值＜10.0μg/L.     

磺胺甲恶唑酶联免疫分析法的建立

建立了磺胺甲恶唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMX)酶联免疫分析方法,用以检测动物源性食品中SMX的残留。利用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记SMX,兔抗SMX抗体制备固相抗体,通过标本中的SMX和一定量酶标SMX竞争结合固相抗SMX多抗,标本中SMX的量和显色后的OD450呈负相关的原理检测标本中的SMX含量。经方法学鉴定,本方法的灵敏度为0.067μg/L,批内变异系数<10%,批间变异系数<20%。牛奶、肉类、鸡蛋、蜂蜜样品的回收率分别为94.9%~116.0%、82.0%~107.6%、81.6%~94.9%、89.0%~93.0%,符合免疫分析方法的要求。     

~(125)I-6-酮-前列腺素F_(1α)放射免疫分析试剂盒的研制

研制了~(125)I标记的PGI_2稳定的代谢产物6-酮-PGF_(1α)RIA试剂盒。以碳化二亚胺法将6-酮-PGF_(1α)与BSA联接免疫家兔制备抗血清,其效价为1:32000,平衡常数为6.26×10~9L/mol,与其它前列腺素的相对百分交叉反应<1%。用氯胺T法制备~(125)I-组织胺-6-酮-PGF_(1α)标记物,比放射性活度>14.8MBq/μg(400μCi/μg),最高结合率>80%,二月内无脱碘现象。放免测定按常规法,最低检出值为2,2pg/管,检出率为97.2～102.3%,精密 度为6.62%,批内和批间C.V.分别为7.17、8.41%,Cerceo“效点系统”评分为31分,属优良。直接测定健康成人血浆6-酮-PGF_(1α)浓度为22.9±6.3pg/mL。     

甲状腺球蛋白抗原固相放免法的建立及初步临床应用

利用自制的甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)单克隆抗体,建立了Tg固相放射免疫分析方法,其灵敏度为0.35μg/L,回收率达98%,批内CV4.1%,批间CV8.7%.50例健康人的Tg测定值为11.12±4.83μg/L,检测范围为2.99～20.16μg/L;同时对140例各种甲状腺疾病患者的血清Tg含量进行检测,并与Tg双抗法进行对比,结果表明固相法检测范围明显较双抗法宽.     

HPLC-MS/MS检测[18F]FDG中Kryptofix2.2.2的残留量

应用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定[18F]FDG示踪剂中残留的Kryptofix 2.2.2浓度,并进行方法学确证。以乙腈40 mmol/L NH4Ac水溶液(50:50,V/V)为流动相,采用ultimate XB-C18(4.6×150 mm,3μm)色谱柱进行分离,流速为0.85 mL.min–1,通过电喷雾离子化串联质谱,以多反应监测(MRM)方式对[18F]FDG中的K-222残留量进行检测。结果表明,用HPLC-MS/MS法可以在4 min内完成K-222的检测,其线性范围为0.5–120 ng.mL–1,平均回收率在101.3%–106.6%,批内和批间变异均小于9.4%。HPLC-MS/MS方法简单、快速、灵敏,适合于短半衰期[18F]FDG中K-222残留浓度的检测。     

Purex流程萃取体系下相关组分的分配比模型 Ⅰ.U(Ⅳ)分配比模型

在MATLAB软件平台上,利用文献报道的610组U(Ⅳ)分配比数据分别对美国、印度及日本提出的3种不同的U(Ⅳ)分配比模型函数进行了验证,验证结果表明:3种模型计算值与实验值的相对偏差均至少在20%以上,其中以美国研究者提出的U(Ⅳ)分配比模型计算效果最佳,但仍无法直接用于模拟计算U(Ⅳ)的分配比。因此,为得到相对偏差较低的U(Ⅳ)分配比模型,以美国研究者提出的模型为基础进行修正,修正后的模型为D(U(Ⅳ))=K*(U(Ⅳ))c2(fTBP),其中K*(U(Ⅳ))=(1.4/(30×c(U(Ⅳ))+1))×K*(U(Ⅵ))×(0.054 1+0.000 658×c2(NO-3)),该模型使用范围为:平衡水相硝酸浓度为0.4~4.0mol/L,U(Ⅳ)质量浓度为5~50g/L,U(Ⅵ)质量浓度为15~150g/L,Pu(Ⅲ)质量浓度为0.4~36.3g/L,肼浓度为7×10-4~2mol/L,相对偏差在±15%以内。     

超高灵敏光度法测定UO_2~(2+)-硫氰酸盐-乙基紫-聚乙烯醇体系中铀的研究

本文提出一个新的铀超高灵敏显色体系。在聚乙烯醇(PVA)存在下,铀酰离子与乙基紫和硫氰酸盐形成离子络合物,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε为5.8×10~61·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),最大吸收波长为550nm.服从比耳定律范围是0-2.5μg/25ml,7次测定的相对标准偏差为4.6％.还研究了近40种共存离子的影响及消除。本方法巳用于某些岩石矿物中铀的测定,简单、快速.     

钚沉淀母液中残留草酸根的分析

采用离子色谱作为检测仪器,建立了简便、灵敏的测定草酸钚沉淀母液中残留草酸根的新方法。样品稀释后,首先用羟基脲(HU)还原破坏MnO-4,再过H柱去除阳离子,然后采用5L/min氮吹55℃蒸发的方法去除硝酸干扰,离子色谱仪进行检测。标准曲线在0.01~50mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r2=0.996,草酸根的检出限为5.3μg/L。采用建立的方法对模拟样品进行重加回收实验,草酸根回收率在88%~92%之间,0.5mg/L草酸根6次测定的sr=4.0%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,为草酸钚沉淀母液中残留草酸根的检测提供了可行的分析方法。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.