烯唑醇和双苯三唑醇防治梨黑星病试验

经１９９２－１９９３年田间药效试验结果看出，对黑星病发生严重的梨园，在仔细剪除病梢的基础上，每年喷洒１２．５％，烯唑醇可湿性粉剂３０００－４０００倍液、或１０％烯唑醇乳油３０００倍液、或２５％双苯三唑醇可湿性粉剂１０００－１２５０倍液６－８次，防治利黑星病效果明显好于常用药剂波尔多液２４０倍液和４０％多菌灵胶悬剂５００倍液。     

姜黄炭疽病的病原菌鉴定及杀菌剂对其室内生物活性测定

[目的]鉴定引起姜黄炭疽病的病原菌种类及室内筛选该病害的防治药剂。[方法]采用形态学与分子生物学方法进行鉴定,菌丝生长速率法测定9种杀菌剂对该病原菌的室内生物活性。[结果]分离获得的病原菌为胶孢炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides);咪鲜胺对胶孢炭疽菌抑菌效果最好,EC_(50)值仅为0.06 mg/L,其次为多菌灵、吡唑醚菌酯、氟硅唑,EC_(50)值分别为0.31、0.38、0.39 mg/L。[结论]咪鲜胺可作为田间防治姜黄炭疽病的首选药剂。     

杀菌剂咪鲜安的性质及合成

阐述了新型咪唑类杀菌剂咪鲜的用途，物理及化学性质，毒性及制剂等概况，详述了以三氯苯酚为起始原料经醚化，胺化，酰化合成咪鲜安的各步工艺和操作方法。咪鲜安及其中间体的化学结构经＾１ＨＮＭＲ、ＩＲ和元素分析确认。     

咪鲜安的残留毒理研究现状

咪鲜安是1997年由蒲茨公司〔后来的先灵农用化学公司(现在的艾格福公司)〕开发的、具有向顶性传导活性的广谱性杀菌剂,在国内外应用很广。但国内有关咪鲜安的性状、应用、残留、毒理等方面的文章很少,本文根据有关文献,对咪鲜安的残留、毒理研究现状加以综述,以增加人们对其的认识,从而合理、安全地使用农药。 咪鲜安的生物效果系咪唑类杀菌剂的作用,抑制麦角甾醇的生物合成,从而使菌体细胞膜功能受破坏。咪鲜安商品名称有:施保克、扑霉灵、丙氯灵、施保功。其英文通用名称为Prochloraz,商品名为Mirage、Sportak、Sporgon。化学名称为:N-丙基-N[2-(2,4,6-三氯苯氧基)乙基]氨基甲酰咪唑(IUPAC)N-丙基-N-[2-(2,4,6-三氯苯氧基)乙基]甲酰氨咪唑(CA)。其化学结构式为:     

不同杀菌剂对祁山药炭疽病菌室内毒力及田间药效

[目的]筛选出防治祁山药炭疽病菌的有效化学药剂。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定11种杀菌剂对祁山药炭疽病菌的抑制作用,并进行了5种药剂对祁山药炭疽病的田间药效试验。[结果]室内毒力测定结果表明:咪鲜胺、氟硅唑、吡唑醚菌酯、丙环唑和苯醚甲环唑这5种杀菌剂对炭疽病菌的抑菌效果好,其EC50值分别为0.0249、0.0378、0.0406、0.3941、1.2812 mg/L。田间试验结果表明咪鲜胺的防治效果最好,防效高达85.13%。[结论]为药剂混配和防治炭疽病提供药剂筛选的理论依据。     

灵福可湿性超微粉剂防治苹果和梨病害效果的研究

灵福可湿性超微粉剂经室内毒力测定和田间防治试验结果表明，灵福较常规杀菌剂退菌特药效提高，防病谱较宽，对苹果炭疽病，轮纹病，早期落叶病及梨黑星病，轮纹病都有较明显的防病效果，尤其是灵福５００倍液对苹果炭疽病的防治效果最为显著，比对照药剂退菌物防治效果提高８０％以上。     

唑胺菌酯与咪鲜胺混剂对柑橘炭疽病的药效试验

[目的]明确唑胺菌酯和咪鲜胺在防治柑橘炭疽病上的可混性。[方法]采用生长速率法测定唑胺菌酯与咪鲜胺复配制剂对柑橘炭疽病菌的室内毒力,并在田间进行制剂药效试验。[结果]唑胺菌酯与咪鲜胺5个供试混剂的共毒系数均大于120,表现为明显增效作用,其中以5∶1的配比抑菌效果最好;田间20%唑胺菌酯·咪鲜胺SC 200 mg/L剂量下对柑橘炭疽病的防治效果与25%咪鲜胺EC 333 mg/L相当,明显高于70%甲基托布津WP。[结论]20%唑胺菌酯·咪鲜胺SC对柑橘炭疽病具有良好的防治效果,且对柑橘生长安全。     

杀菌剂咪鲜安的性质及合成

阐述了新型咪唑类杀菌剂咪鲜安的用途、物理及化学性质、毒性及制剂等概况,详述了以三氯苯酚为起始原料经醚化、胺化、酰化合成咪鲜安的各步工艺条件和操作方法。咪鲜安及其中间体的化学结构经１ＨＮＭＲ、ＩＲ和元素分析确认     

咪鲜胺杀菌剂产品登记动态概要

咪鲜胺杀菌剂,法国安万特作物科学公司1993年在我国临时登记施保克25%乳油,防治水稻恶苗病,柑桔青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病、蒂腐病,芒果炭疽病。以色列马克西姆化学公司1994年在我国临时登记扑霉灵45%乳油,防治芒果炭疽     

菌核净防治人参菌核病试验

小区试验证明，菌核净对人参菌核病有较高的防治效果，每平方米参床在人参展叶期浇４０％菌核净５００－１５００倍液３公斤，始花期再用１０００倍液喷雾１次，对人参菌核病的防效可达９１．７－１００％，产量比清水对照增加１７．２－２４．１％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。