纳米微粒增强铜基复合镀层的制备与研究

以纳米SiO2微粒为增强相,采用复合电镀方法制备出纳米微粒增强铜基复合镀层。考察了机械搅拌速率对Cu-纳米SiO2复合镀层形貌、组织结构、显微硬度和抗拉强度的影响。结果表明:机械搅拌速率对Cu-纳米SiO2复合镀层形貌、显微硬度和抗拉强度的影响较明显,但对择优取向基本无影响;当机械搅拌速率为6r/s时,Cu-纳米SiO2复合镀层的形貌质量及性能较好。机械搅拌速率通过影响纳米微粒的复合量及其发挥的强化作用,进而影响纳米微粒增强铜基复合镀层的形貌与性能。     

船用柴油机活塞杆表面微粒增强镍基复合镀层的制备及其性能分析

采用电沉积方法,在船用柴油机活塞杆表面分别制备纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层、亚微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层和微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层。分析了三者的显微形貌、晶相结构及磨痕形貌,并测定了硬度。结果表明:与亚微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层和微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层相比,纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层的外观显得更加光亮,硬度接近5 800 MPa。     

超声波功率对Ni-Co/ZrO2复合电沉积的影响及电化学研究

在氨基磺酸盐电解质溶液中,采用超声波辅助电沉积的方法,于纯铜板表面制备了Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层。研究了超声波功率对Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层的表面形貌、相结构、显微硬度及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:超声波功率直接影响复合镀层中纳米微粒的复合量,从而影响复合镀层的结构和性能。超声波功率为240 W时所得复合镀层的显微硬度最高,纳米微粒的复合量最大,耐蚀性最强。同时,超声波功率为240 W时引起的阴极极化最大,有利于纳米微粒与基质金属的共沉积。     

Ni-Al2O3复合镀层的腐蚀摩擦学性能研究

用电镀方法制得Ni-Al2O3复合镀层,研究电镀Ni-Al2O3复合镀层的结构以及其硬度、耐磨性、抗腐蚀性与电镀电流密度的关系。结果表明:复合镀层的显微硬度比纯镍镀层硬度成倍提高,复合镀层耐磨性比镍镀层提高20%以上;抗腐蚀性提高70%以上。X射线衍射结果显示,复合镀层由Ni及非晶Al2O3组成,Ni相为面心立方晶体结构,晶格常数为0.353nm,小于纯镍镀层,晶粒尺寸为23.8nm,大于纯镍镀层。     

脉冲电沉积Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层的工艺及性能

采用脉冲电沉积技术在铜基表面制备Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、显微硬度计及电化学测试,研究了纳米SiC微粒的质量浓度对复合镀层的表面形貌、组织结构、显微硬度以及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当纳米SiC微粒的质量浓度为6～9g/L时,制备的复合镀层组织细密,显微硬度最高可达7 730MPa,并且耐蚀性也有了较大的提高。     

电刷镀(Ni-P)-TiN纳米微粒复合镀层的组织与力学性能

采用直流电弧等离子体气相蒸发法,在氢气与氮气混合气氛中蒸发块体Ti金属制备TiN单晶纳米颗粒,以此纳米颗粒为添加粒子,利用电刷镀方法制备出(Ni-P)-TiN纳米微粒复合镀层。对纳米颗粒及其复合镀层进行了物相结构、表面形貌及微观组织分析,并测试了镀层显微硬度和耐磨性能。研究结果表明:TiN纳米颗粒具有立方晶体结构,(Ni-P)-TiN纳米微粒复合镀层的硬度较普通Ni-P合金镀层提高近3倍,耐磨性能也有显著提高。     

电化学沉积法制备Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层及其性能的研究

利用电化学沉积法制备以纳米SiO_2微粒为增强相的Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层。研究发现:Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层的形貌特征不同于纯铜镀层的,其性能较好。增强相纳米SiO_2微粒引起形核增殖、结晶细化,同时形成弥散强化,致使Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层的形貌特征不同,性能得以改善。随着镀液中纳米SiO_2微粒的质量浓度的增加,Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层的显微硬度先升高后降低,体积磨损率先减小后增大。当镀液中纳米SiO_2微粒的质量浓度为35g/L时,Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层的显微硬度最高,接近1 500 MPa,约为纯铜镀层的1.46倍;体积磨损率最低,为6.59×10-5 mm3/(N·m),比纯铜镀层的降低约35.4%。     

黑Cr-C纳米复合电沉积工艺中电流密度的确定

研究了电流密度对黑Cr-C纳米复合镀层组织及性能的影响.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察复合镀层的表面形貌,并测定了镀层的显微硬度.结果表明,黑Cr-C纳米复合镀层显微硬度最高达10.5 GPa,镀层中微粒的体积分数最高达8.12%,电沉积复合电镀最佳电流密度为100 A/dm2.     

Ni-SiC复合电镀工艺的优化及镀层结构表征

利用电沉积法制备出Ni-SiC复合镀层,研究了阴极电流密度、温度、pH、搅拌速率、表面活性剂等工艺参数对镀层显微硬度和沉积速率的影响,通过正交试验得出了最佳工艺参数:阴极电流密度4A/dm2,SiC微粒悬浮量60g/L,温度40℃,pH 2.5,搅拌速率300 r/min.用SEM、XRD和TEM分析了镀层的表面形貌、组织结构及镀层中粒子的分布,结果表明:SiC微粒均匀分布于复合镀层中,镀层表面平整光滑,显微组织均匀、致密,其显微硬度也较纯镍镀层有显著提高.     

电沉积铜基纳米碳化硅复合镀层实验研究

采用电沉积方法,制备铜基纳米碳化硅复合镀层。研究溶液搅拌方式或溶液中引入添加剂,对Cu-SiC纳米微粒复合镀层表面形貌和性能的影响。利用超声搅拌制备的Cu-SiC纳米微粒复合镀层的表面形貌平整而且致密,与磁力搅拌所得镀层相比显微硬度提高约32%,接近143 HV,磨损质量损失降低约33%,每平方毫米为0.056 mg。溶液中引入添加剂,制备的Cu-SiC纳米微粒复合镀层的表面形貌和性能无明显改观,但采用超声波搅拌制备的Cu-SiC纳米微粒复合镀层的表面形貌和性能改观较为明显。添加剂发挥的作用与超声搅拌引发的综合作用叠加,促使复合镀层的表面形貌和性能进一步改善。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997