直接染料对甲壳胺纤维的染色性能

探讨了中性盐、温度、染料用量对甲壳胺纤维直接染料染色性能的影响，比较了脱脂棉和甲壳胺纤维的染色性能。实验结果表明：中性盐对染料的影响与染料的磺酸基的数目有关，对4～6个磺酸基，中性盐起促染作用．对双磺酸基，起缓染作用：而在70℃时染色的上染速度明显快于40℃，染料浓度在2％时几乎尽染，当上升到8％时上染率仍在70％以上；甲壳胺纤维的上染速度和上染率明显高于棉，其可染性、染色速度、表观染色深度远高于棉易产生染色不匀现象。     

改性锦纶染色性能研究

通过在锦纶合成过程中添加特殊的改性剂,制得末端氨基含量有大幅提高的改性锦纶。研究了染色条件对该改性锦纶染色性能的影响,指出在适宜的染色条件下(染浴pH值3.5~5.0、染色温度95℃、染色时间30min、染浴中染料浓度为0.625mg/mL),可获得上染量较大、色泽纯正的酸性染料可染锦纶。同时,还发现染料浓度与纤维上染料平衡浓度关系符合Langmuir吸附等温线。色差测试表明,改性锦纶的染色深度有很大提高,与未改性锦纶相比,色差明显,达到3~4级,表明改性锦纶染色效果良好。     

木质素基活性炭对刚果红的吸附性能研究

以纤维乙醇生产副产物木质素为原料,通过水蒸气活化方法制备木质素基活性炭。研究木质素基活性炭对刚果红(CR)废水的吸附行为,主要考察吸附时间、pH、吸附剂用量和温度等实验条件对吸附效果的影响。用Langmuir、Freundlich、Redlich-Peterson和Temkin等温模型,对木质素基活性炭吸附CR的吸附平衡数据进行拟合分析,结果表明,活性炭对刚果红的吸附过程符合Langmuir、Redlich-Peterson和Temkin等温吸附模型。动力学研究发现,吸附过程可以用准二级动力学模型很好的描述。活性炭对CR的吸附过程是一个以化学吸附为主的自发吸热过程。298 K时,最大饱和吸附量为0.089 7 mmol/g,木质素基活性炭对CR有良好的吸附性能,可用于CR废水处理用吸附剂。     

木质素基活性炭对刚果红的吸附性能研究

以纤维乙醇生产副产物木质素为原料,通过水蒸气活化方法制备木质素基活性炭。研究木质素基活性炭对刚果红(CR)废水的吸附行为,主要考察吸附时间、pH、吸附剂用量和温度等实验条件对吸附效果的影响。用Langmuir、Freundlich、Redlich-Peterson和Temkin等温模型,对木质素基活性炭吸附CR的吸附平衡数据进行拟合分析,结果表明,活性炭对刚果红的吸附过程符合Langmuir、Redlich-Peterson和Temkin等温吸附模型。动力学研究发现,吸附过程可以用准二级动力学模型很好的描述。活性炭对CR的吸附过程是一个以化学吸附为主的自发吸热过程。298 K时,最大饱和吸附量为0.089 7 mmol/g,木质素基活性炭对CR有良好的吸附性能,可用于CR废水处理用吸附剂。     

活性炭纤维吸附石化废水中苯酚的吸附平衡及动力学

以活性炭纤维(ACF)为吸附剂,研究了ACF对石化废水中苯酚的吸附平衡及动力学。在25、40、55及65℃下测定了吸附平衡等温线,采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Redlich-Peterson等温方程对吸附平衡数据进行了拟合,结果表明吸附平衡数据更符合Langmuir与Redlich-Peterson方程。体系温度从25、40、55升高到65℃时,ACF对模拟废水中苯酚的吸附能力随温度升高而降低,而ACF对石化废水中苯酚的吸附能力并不完全随温度升高而降低。ACF对石化废水与模拟废水中苯酚的吸附过程均符合拟二级动力学方程。颗粒内扩散模型对吸附动力学实验数据的拟合结果表明,吸附初期吸附速率主要受颗粒内扩散控制且石化废水中苯酚吸附的k_id随温度升高而增大,吸附中后期吸附速率除了受颗粒内扩散控制外还受到外扩散的影响。热力学分析表明,石化废水中ACF吸附苯酚过程的ΔG<0,由于石油类物质对苯酚吸附的影响,温度升高ΔG的数值变化不大。     

氯苯酚在活性炭纤维上吸附平衡的研究

研究了水溶液中氯苯酚在活性炭纤维上的吸附平衡,实验探讨了反应温度、溶液pH值对活性炭纤维吸附平衡的影响。实验结果表明,平衡吸附量随着温度降低而升高;当pH值<7时,平衡吸附量几乎不随溶液的pH值而变化,而当pH值>7时,氯苯酚在活性炭纤维上的平衡吸附量随着pH值的增加而减小,pH值愈大,平衡吸附量减小的愈快。分别采用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型描述吸附平衡等温线,在实验范围内Langmuir模型与实验数据吻合较好。     

涤/棉复合裂片型超细纤维针织物碱减量开纤和染色研究

研究了裂片型超细纤维针织物碱减量开纤和染色。实验结果表明,失重率随时间延长而增加,当温度高于90℃、NaOH浓度高于8g/L时,失重率明显增加;在高于140℃对纤维热定型,失重率随温度升高而降低,当热定型温度高于180℃,开纤困难;纤维在染色后发现,K/S随纤维失重率增大而变小:用分散/阳离子染料或分散/酸性染料套染使K/S值有所提高;超细纤维在染色温度超过120℃时K/S值降低,温度越高,比普通涤纶的K/S差值越大     

超声波对染色的作用机制研究

超声波能够促进染色,利用直接染料的染色特性探索了超声波对纤维、染料及染色体系的作用。实验结果表明:超声波的应用使大部分染料在30分钟内即可被纤维吸附,这种吸附可以用Langmuir吸附模型描述,染色时纤维可及区比表面积增大1.68倍。超声波作用于染料溶液,染液吸光度值在初始10分钟不断增大。超声波染色能加快染料在纤维中的扩散,扩散系数增大约15倍。     

羧甲基甲壳胺纤维对铜离子的吸附性能

为了提高甲壳胺纤维对重金属离子的吸附性能,用氯乙酸对纤维进行改性处理,在纤维的结构中引入羧甲基团后使纤维同时具有能结合重金属离子的胺基和羧酸基团。研究了改性后纤维在不同的改性程度、添加量、时间、温度、pH值等条件下对铜离子的吸附性能。结果表明:羧甲基化改性后的甲壳胺纤维对铜离子有很好的吸附性能。在同样的条件下,未改性的纤维对铜离子的吸附值为41.3mg/g,而改性后的纤维为79.4mg/g。经过羧甲基化改性的甲壳胺纤维对铜离子的饱和吸附容量可以达到148.1mg/g。     

阳离子型缓染剂的相容性

腈纶纤维的染色,都是采用阳离子染料。染料和用磺酸基(阴离子基团)作为染色席位的纤维之间发生离子交换反应,才使后者得以着色,这样一个过程有两个显著的特点,产生了一个迫切需要解决的问题,即用阳离子染料染色腈纶纤维的过程对温度极其敏感,它的扩散活化能为60～80千卡/克分子,相当于酸性染料染羊毛或活性染料染棉的活化能的3～4倍;同时,一旦染料染着于纤维上     

Some sorption characteristics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) with disperse dyes

Sorption characteristics, such as sorption kinetics and isotherms, relation between dye sorption and shade development of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and their comparison with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), were reported. Results from two different dyeing rate studies, dyeing rate under constant temperature and under changing temperature, were examined to obtain the common rate constants, and to obtain information for the design of dyeing temperature profile and holding time. Rate constants of PTT were compared with that of PET. Sorption isotherms of disperse dyes on PTT were also studied. Both Nernst and Langmuir models were examined. The dye uptake ability of PTT was compared with PET. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 223–229, 2002     

降解壳聚糖在棉织物活性染料低盐染色中的应用

采用降解壳聚糖对棉织物进行预处理,比较处理前后棉织物活性染料染色的上染率、固色率及耐摩擦牢度,在此基础上研究低盐工艺对棉织物活性染料染色的上染率、固色率的影响。实验结果表明降解壳聚糖预处理棉织物显著改善活性染料染色性能,提高染料上染率,减少了染整加工过程中对环境造成的污染。降解壳聚糖预处理的最佳工艺条件:浸渍温度80℃、降解壳聚糖用量0.8%(owf)、浸渍时间30 min。     

Dyeing Properties of a Polyamide–Epichlorohydrin Resin

The dyeing behaviour of cured films prepared from a polyamide–epichlorohydrin resin (Hercosett) was examined in orderto obtain a better understanding of the dyeing beha viour of Hercosett–treated wool. The polymer films swell by 500–1000%. The swelling decreases with increasing dye content in the polymer and with increasing temperature. The diffusion of acid dyes into the polymer is extremely fast (D =10^-7 cm²/s), and can be accelerated by the addition of salt. The sorption of the dye is described in terms of a Langmuir isotherm, indicating that an ion–exchange mechanism is operative. The concentration of cationic groups in the polymer is very high (2. 4mo//kg) and does not depend on the curing conditions. The addition of salt reduces the exhaustion of the dyebath. Reactive dyes were found to be bound covalently to the resin. During industrial resin treatment it has been shown that the molecular weight distribution of the Hercosett in the resin bath changes markedly, molecular weight increasing with running time and the spread of values being much narrower. This may explain the variation in the dyeing behaviour of wool fibres that have been treated at different times in the same resin bath.     

Adsorption of acid dyes by bamboo derived activated carbon

Bamboo, indigenous to Hong Kong and China, is widely used as scaffolding in construction and building projects. However, over 50,000 tonnes of bamboo scaffolding waste is disposed as landfill waste each year. Nevertheless, these wastes can be used as raw materials for the production of a range of high value added activated carbons. The bamboo cane can be heated (charred) at a high temperature in the presence of selected activation chemicals to produce activated carbons for various applications e.g. adsorbents, catalysts or catalyst supports. In the present study, activated carbons produced by thermal activation of bamboo with phosphoric acid were used for adsorption of acid dyes. Two acid dyes with different molecular sizes were used, namely Acid Yellow 117 (AY117) and Acid Blue 25 (AB25). It was found that dye with smaller molecular size, AB 25, was readily adsorbed onto the carbon while the larger size dye, AY117, showed little adsorption. It is possible to tailor-make the carbon for the adsorption of dye mixtures in industrial applications, especially textile dyeing. Furthermore, experimental results were fitted to equilibrium isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson.     

Isoreactive Dyeing Systems

An isoreactive dyeing system is a system in which the sorption rate is kept constant throughout the whole kinetic period. A theoretical study of this condition was carried out using the modified kinetic equation of Cegarra–Puente and the Arrhenius equation. The isoreactivity equation is used to determine the conditions of temperature–time which should be applied during dyeing to achieve constant sorption at different sorption times. Finally, the theoretical values and those found experimentally in the dyeing systems: wool–acid dyes, viscose rayon–direct dyes and acrylic fibres–cationic dyes are compared.     

直接染料对棉和大豆纤维的染色性能比较

测定了三种不同类型的直接染料在不同盐浓度和温度条件下对棉和大豆纤维的上染曲线，并对它们在这两种纤维上的染色性能进行了分析和比较。对于匀染型和温度效应型直接染料在大豆纤维上的上色率高于棉纤维；在不加盐的条件下，盐效应型染料上染率低于棉纤维，加盐后两者接近；提高温度，对匀染型染料影响不大，对温度效应型染料随温度的提高，上染率提高。     

大豆纤维溢流染色工艺研究

使用BES活性染料对大豆纤维进行溢流染色．染色温度65℃．中浅色染色时间50分钟．硫酸钠的使用量为10g／1-50g／l，固色时使用Na2CO3为5g／1-15g／l，染品一等品率95％．在车间生产条件下．染机车速、升温速度、加盐速度是影响染品质量的重要因素。     

Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by newspapers

The potential to remove Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution using newspapers was investigated in the present study. The effects of relevant parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent concentration, and reaction temperature on Cr (VI) adsorption were examined. The adsorption of Cr (VI) ions onto newspapers was found to be highly pH-dependent and the highest uptake occurred at pH 1.0. The sorption equilibrium data were correlated to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations. Five different non-linear error functions were examined and the result indicated that the Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson equations better fitted the equilibrium data than Langmuir isotherm. The maximum sorption capacity was found to be 55.06 mg/g at pH 1.0, adsorbent concentration 4 g/L and reaction temperature of 30 °C. Different thermodynamic parameters viz., changes in standard free energy (ΔG⁰), enthalpy (ΔH⁰) and entropy (ΔS⁰) were also evaluated and the results show that the sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The kinetic experimental data were well fitted by the pseudo-second order, external film diffusion and diffusion models allowing the corresponding parameters to be evaluated. The sorption capacity increased with the decrease of adsorbent concentration.     

Telechelic PEG-polymers end-capped with chromophores: Using as cationic reactive dyes and salt-free dyeing properties on cotton fabrics

In this article, telechelic polymers containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties as space groups were combined with chromophores to synthesize cationic reactive dyes (BCD-R, BCD-Y, and BCD-B). The salt-free dyeing performance of these telechelic polymeric cationic reactive dyes on cotton fabrics was evaluated. The exhaustion and fixation of the dyes in salt-free dyeing was above 89.33 and 77.22%, respectively. The color fastness of dry rubbing for the three dyes reached grade 4–5, and their color fastness to light reached grade 5–6. Their washing fastness also reached grade 4–5, except for that of BCD-Y (grade 3–4). The results showed that the dyes possessed good leveling and build-up properties and substantivity to cellulose fiber. The zeta potential (ξ-potential) of dyed fabric was estimated, and it was found that the ξ-potential of the fabrics increased after dying with telechelic polymeric cationic reactive dyes, and the more dye that was used, the greater ξ-potential increase. The exhaustion curves of dyes were also determined, and they were much different from those of anionic reactive dyes. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of BCD-R were investigated. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best fit of the experimental data at all three tested dyeing temperatures (25, 45, and 65°C) with R² values over 0.998. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich models could be used to describe the adsorption of BCD-R onto cellulose fibers and the Langmuir model fit the experimental data better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔS, ΔH, and activation energy) of the dye adsorption process were researched further. The results indicated that the adsorption of BCD-R onto cotton fibers was spontaneous and exothermic and that after adsorption onto the cotton fibers, the degree of freedom of the dye decreased.