多业务CDMA系统中基于最大化流量的功率速率联合控制

功率控制技术是CDMA系统中减小多址干扰的一项关键技术。针对TDD-CDMA系统的多速率业务,提出了一种功率速率联合控制算法,速率控制保证不同业务的服务质量要求,通过线性优化过程获得最大化流量时的功率速率分配。仿真结果表明这一算法是一种近似的最优化功率速率联合控制方案,能够有效地提高系统的总容量,优化系统性能。     

多业务CDMA蜂窝移动通信系统的功率控制

本文提出了多业务CDMA蜂窝移动通信系统的一种下行链路功率控制策略，系统的最优功率分配可以归结为求解归一化链路增益矩阵在有约束条件下的最大实特征值。在对系统的最优功率分配进行理论分析的基础上，给予了相应的仿真结果，并针对实际系统负载过重的情形，提出了按照业务优先级别逐步去除小区用户的功率控制策略。     

利用二次谱盲估计多速率DS/CDMA伪码周期

针对可变扩频长度(VSL)的多速率DS/CDMA信号伪码周期的盲估计问题进行了研究,将一般单速率直扩信号二次功率谱伪码周期估计的方法扩展到多速率DS/CDMA模型。该方法首先将接收的多速率DS/CDMA信号进行采样,并对其求一次功率谱,再将一次谱作为输入信号作傅里叶变换并取模、平方,从而得到信号的二次功率谱。通过推导证明,多速率DS/CDMA信号的二次功率谱在扩频码周期的整数倍处出现尖锐的谱线,且不同速率用户的二次谱线幅度是不同的,利用这些幅度差异区分不同速率并通过估计谱线之间的距离即可获得不同速率信号的伪码周期。仿真表明该算法在低信噪比下适用,在-15 dB能够利用较少数据同时估计多组速率的伪码周期。     

宽带多媒体CDMA系统中的反向SRA功率控制算法

第三代移动通信系统设计要求支持多媒体通信。由于各种业务在接收端所要求的业务质量不同,这就要求系统应根据业务种类进行功率控制。文章通过功率等价概念的引入,研究了应用于宽带CDMA系统的SRA(Stepwise Removal Algorithm)功率控制算法,并通过算法仿真验证了该算法能在确保各种业务的业务质量的同时提高系统容量。     

多媒体CDMA蜂窝网络上行顽健功率控制算法

研究了同时承载带宽保障业务和尽力而为业务的多媒体CDMA蜂窝网络上行链路顽健功率控制问题.考虑业务突发性、链路增益估计误差以及小区间干扰等因素,通过推导中断概率提出了一种非线性迭代算法.在给定尽力而为业务数据率分配方案的情况下,该非线性迭代算法能够判断是否可以通过功率控制有效地保证带宽保障业务和尽力而为业务的服务质量.在此基础上,分别为支持离散数据率和连续数据率的两类多媒体CDMA蜂窝网络设计了相应的上行链路功率控制算法.最后,通过仿真验证了所提出非线性迭代算法的收敛性,并通过与一种次优功率控制算法进行比较说明了所提出功率控制算法的性能优势.     

基于不同效用函数的综合业务CDMA系统速率和功率分配算法

提出一种基于不同效用函数的综合业务CDMA系统速率和功率分配算法。该算法用阶跃函数表征话音用户对系统服务质量的满意度,用以速率为自变量的效用函数表征数据用户的满意度,用系统负荷的增函数表示功率价格以控制系统功率资源的使用。文章选取的效用函数可以满足在系统资源不足时给话音用户更高的优先级,也可以通过调整效用函数参数满足不同种类数据业务用户的优先级需求。     

无线多媒体DS-CDMA系统中的功率分配

第三代移动通信系统设计要求支持多媒体通信,如声音、视频、图像和数据传输等业务。由于各个业务在接收端所要求的功率不同,这就要求系统必须进行有效的功率分配。本文提出一种基于信道特征(如业务量)的功率分配算法,并通过系统分析验证了该算法能很好的在保证各业务的业务质量同时提高系统的容量。     

差异性QoS条件下CDMA系统在衰落信道中的性能分析

未来B3GCDMA系统采取不同误码率和带宽要求的业务分配不同功率和传输速率的方法。分析了在变速率、多功率级别条件下CDMA系统在衰落信道下的性能，给出了系统接收机信号噪声比的解析表达式和不同业务所需功率之间的关系，并对数值结果进行了讨论。     

时延约束条件下CDMA系统中基于博弈论的多小区功控算法

本文采用博弈论研究了多小区CDMA功率控制问题。证明了在时延约束条件下联合考虑功率和速率控制的纳什均衡的唯一性,提出了多小区的速率和功率更新算法。仿真表明,本文提出方法可以满足不同用户对速率和时延的不同要求,且系统中各个用户的吞吐量和数据的发送速率有了大幅度的提高。     

多速率分层结构CDMA系统联合控制算法

本文对多速率分层结构CDMA系统的联合控制算法进行了研究,提出了一种新的功率、速率和接入联合控制算法。在此基础上,考虑到基站发射功率资源受限以及信道的路径损耗、多径衰落和阴影衰落的影响,得到了系统容量与系统各业务负载的数量以及速率间的关系。另外,该联合控制算法使系统能够自适应地调节VBR业务的速率以及获得最大总有效数据速率;同时通过预测新用户接入系统所需的功率资源,来判断系统是否接受接入请求。最后,利用MonteCarlo方法对该系统算法进行了仿真,给出了相应的仿真结果和分析。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks