阳离子型改性淀粉对稠油废水絮凝性能考察

合成了三种具有不同阳离子度的阳离子型改性淀粉接枝共聚物絮凝剂ZHYC-n,考察了这三种絮凝剂与PAC复配对稠油废水的絮凝性能,并与市售阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂CPAM进行了对比.絮凝实验结果表明,ZHYC-n与PAC复配具有优良的絮凝脱油脱硫效果,随阳离子度增加絮凝效果显著增加.阳离子型絮凝剂分子链上的阳离子电荷密度不是影响絮凝效果的惟一主要因素,阳离子型改性淀粉接枝共聚物具有的多支链型结构可以明显的提高絮凝剂的絮凝效果.     

改性阳离子型淀粉絮凝剂的研究进展

主要从改性阳离子型淀粉絮凝剂的原料来源、改性机理、制备方法、絮凝机理、絮凝效果影响因素、阳离子淀粉评价指标等几个方面的研究进展进行综述。其中微波辐射辅助法制备效率高、产品质量稳定,发展前景广阔。简述了阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的主要絮凝原理。综合当前研究,分析了絮凝剂用量、温度、pH值等因素对絮凝效果的影响,提出阳离子度、取代度作为改性阳离子型淀粉絮凝剂的评价指标。指明了复合改性淀粉的合成是现阶段改性淀粉的研究方向和重点。     

紫外光敏引发合成的P(AM-DAC)污泥脱水絮凝应用研究

采用紫外光敏引发聚合方式合成的较高相对分子质量和阳离子度的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺[P(AM-DAC)]产品作絮凝剂,进行污水处理实验。与紫外光敏引发合成的非离子型PAM和市售阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺对污泥水的絮凝效果进行了比较,探讨了絮凝剂相对分子质量、阳离子度、用量以及种类对污泥水絮凝效果的影响,最终确立了1.1×107相对分子质量、30%阳离子度、4 mg/L絮凝剂、搅拌次数15次为最佳实验条件。     

阳离子复合混凝剂的制备和应用研究

利用丙烯酰胺、环氧氯丙烷、三乙胺合成了阳离子度为30%的阳离子PAM,再与AS进行复配,制备了一种新型高效的复合絮凝剂PAM-AS.通过对糖纸厂废水的处理实验,探讨了絮凝剂用量对絮凝效果、COD去除效果和透光率的影响.实验表明PAM-AS投药量少,絮凝沉降速度快,COD去除率高,絮凝效果优于聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和硫酸铝(AS).     

絮凝法处理废弃钻井液试验

研究了废弃钻屑进行絮凝处理的方法及其作用机理,利用絮凝剂处理废弃钻井液,分离出废液中多余固相,所选絮凝剂为聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)等。研究了最佳质量浓度、pH值、温度及与有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂(CPAM)复配使用效果来考察上述絮凝剂的絮凝能力。实验结果表明,三种絮凝剂均存在其最佳质量浓度,其中PAC与PFS为80～100 mg/L,PEI为70 mg/L;pH将对絮凝效果产生重要影响,其中在碱性范围内将极大提升絮凝效果;当温度在20～40℃范围内对絮凝效果无明显影响;当三种絮凝剂与有机阳离子高分子各自进行复配时对其絮凝能力有着不同程度的增强,其中PEI与有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂复配时絮凝效果要优于其他两种。     

高取代度阳离子淀粉处理造纸白水的研究

采用实验室研制的高取代度阳离子淀粉作为絮凝剂对造纸白水进行处理,通过实验探讨了高取代度阳离子淀粉的加入量、废水的pH值及絮凝时间对絮凝效果的影响,确定了高取代度阳离子淀粉处理造纸白水的最佳条件为:阳离子淀粉的投加量为200mg/L,不调pH值,絮凝时间为24h。     

淀粉—丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的合成及其性能

本文以淀粉－丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物为母体进行一步法改性阳离子絮凝剂的合成研究，探讨了各种因素对产物阳离子度的影响，用红外光谱进行了表征，并研究ＣＳＧＭ对印染废水的絮凝性能。     

阳离子絮凝剂PDA的合成与应用——对再生造纸废水的污泥脱水处理

研究了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂PDA对一种废纸再生造纸废水中的污泥的絮凝脱水处理过程，探讨了絮凝剂PDA的投加量，电荷密度，平均相对分子质量对絮凝脱水效果的影响，并比较了各种不同絮凝剂的处理效果，研究结果表明，絮凝剂PDA的电荷密度越大，相对分子质量越高，其絮凝脱水效果越好，在与无机絮凝剂PAC复配使用的相同条件下，实验室自制的絮凝剂PDA的絮凝脱水效果优于其他作对比的市售多种阳离子聚丙烯酰胺类絮凝剂。     

弱交联超分子絮凝剂的絮凝特性研究

采用水溶液合成法,以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)、甲醛和二甲胺为功能单体,硫酸二甲酯为季铵化试剂,制备了具有抗盐性的弱交联超分子絮凝剂。研究了交联度、阳离子度和分子量等对絮凝剂抗盐絮凝性能的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:HPAM∶二甲胺∶甲醛(物质的量比)为1∶1. 1∶1. 1,阳离子度为14. 8%,分子量为1 500万,体系p H为7,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为6 h。红外光谱结果表明已得到目标产物,扫描电镜和Zeta电位仪结果表明弱交联超分子絮凝剂在高矿化度下能保持一定的分子刚性,并在基本的吸附架桥机理之外,主要靠超分子多点吸附来增强其抗盐性和絮凝效果。将自制的弱交联超分子絮凝剂与市售几种高分子絮凝剂在相同高矿化度下进行比较,自制絮凝剂在抗盐絮凝性方面均有优势。     

弱交联超分子絮凝剂的絮凝特性研究

采用水溶液合成法,以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)、甲醛和二甲胺为功能单体,硫酸二甲酯为季铵化试剂,制备了具有抗盐性的弱交联超分子絮凝剂。研究了交联度、阳离子度和分子量等对絮凝剂抗盐絮凝性能的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:HPAM∶二甲胺∶甲醛(物质的量比)为1∶1. 1∶1. 1,阳离子度为14. 8%,分子量为1 500万,体系p H为7,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为6 h。红外光谱结果表明已得到目标产物,扫描电镜和Zeta电位仪结果表明弱交联超分子絮凝剂在高矿化度下能保持一定的分子刚性,并在基本的吸附架桥机理之外,主要靠超分子多点吸附来增强其抗盐性和絮凝效果。将自制的弱交联超分子絮凝剂与市售几种高分子絮凝剂在相同高矿化度下进行比较,自制絮凝剂在抗盐絮凝性方面均有优势。     

The effects of ultrasonic time,temperature, size and polyether type on performances of magnetic flocculants for oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding treatment

In this study, several magnetic flocculants were synthesized by using polyether flocculants. The properties of the as-prepared products were characterized by performing a series of analysis. Further, oily wastewater treatment experiments were performed, and the effects of ultrasonic time, temperature, size of products, and type of polyether on the treatment efficiency were investigated. It was revealed that temperature played a major role, and more than 4 min of ultrasonic time was needed to achieve greater than 80% of oil removal. The magnetic flocculants having smaller size displayed better flocculation performance. Both magnetic flocculants with linear polyether coating and branch polyether coating had good flocculation performance.     

1，3-丙二醇发酵液的絮凝除菌研究

研究了用絮凝法处理1,3-丙二醇发酵液,选用10种絮凝剂,以FR值为指标,考察了各种絮凝剂的絮凝效果,对初选出的5种絮凝剂进行复合絮凝,选出了适合于1,3-丙二醇发酵液体系的复合絮凝剂。通过单纯型寻优法确定了最佳絮凝工艺条件,絮凝率达98%以上,且絮凝后上清液清澈、透明,过滤效果良好。     

Study on chain deformation of polyacrylamides in solutions and its flocculation performance during the flocculation process

Effects of external conditions, solution concentration, solvent quality, added salt, and pH on the chain conformation dimension of two kinds of polyacrylamide (PAAm) flocculants, neutral‐PAAm, and cationic‐P(AAm‐DMC) (DMC, 2‐[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride), in parent solutions and their flocculation performance for Kaolin suspensions have been investigated by Ubbelohde viscometer and spectrophotometer, respectively. It was found that a negative correlation existed between the flocculation performance of PAAm flocculants and their chain sizes in parent solutions. This was attributed to the expanded chain deformation of PAAm flocculants during the flocculation process from the flocculant parent solution to the Kaolin suspension and was interpreted in term of the competitive interaction among the polymeric flocculant, solvent, and Kaolin particle in the chain deformation process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Development of novel polymeric flocculant based on grafted sodium alginate for the treatment of coal mine wastewater

Sodium alginate-g-polyacrylamide (SAG) was synthesized by ceric ion induced redox polymerization technique. Six grades of graft copolymers were prepared by varying as well as monomer concentrations. The graft copolymers were characterized by intrinsic viscosity measurements, IR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopies. Of the above grades, the graft copolymer of grade six (SAG-VI), which has longer polyacrylamide chains, was used for flocculation study. Two coking and noncoking coal fine suspensions were selected for the flocculation study. The flocculation performance of the graft copolymer was compared with commercial flocculants. In all cases, it was found that the graft copolymer showed better performance than the commercial flocculants. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 375–382, 2001     

水力条件对絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响

对比了三氯化铁、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和硫酸铝3种常用的絮凝剂在不同水力条件下的絮凝除浊效果,得到了3种絮凝剂在相同水质条件下达到最佳絮凝效果对应的反应速度梯度G值,在此基础上讨论了3种絮凝剂在不同反应时间对絮凝效果的影响.发现在絮凝剂投加量相同的条件下,反应时间越长,絮凝效果越好.     

复合型微生物絮凝剂与化学絮凝剂的复配及其应用

通过实验考察F2–F6复合型微生物絮凝剂分别与无机絮凝剂氯化铝、无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝、有机絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺复配使用处理泥浆废水絮凝条件和絮凝效果,并对水源水和工业废水中的处理效果进行了测定。实验结果表明：F2–F6微生物絮凝剂与化学絮凝剂配合使用不仅获得了更好的净化效果,而且可大大降低絮凝剂的总投加量。     

腈纶工艺废水复合絮凝剂的开发及其处理研究

通过选取几种有机、元机絮凝药剂进行单一、复配絮凝实验,研究丁不同絮凝剂处理腈纶工艺废水的絮凝效果,找出一种能够提高腈纶工艺废水预处理效果的复合絮凝剂。实验表明：对腈纶工艺废水来说,无机高分子絮凝剂处理效果较有机高分子絮凝剂要好,其中PFS絮凝效果最好;无机、有机絮凝剂进行复配的絮凝效果明显比使用单一无机、有机絮凝剂要好,最佳组合为PFS与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）;若该复合絮凝剂加入一定量的MgSO4后。对CODcr去除效率有较大提高,并且MgSO4用量越多,效果越好;改性聚丙烯酰胺与MgSO4、PFS复配,可使CODCr去除率达到32．5％。     

水处理有机絮凝剂的研究进展

水的净化处理方法中,絮凝沉淀法使用的絮凝剂,根据其化学成分的不同,可以分为无机、有机和微生物絮凝剂.有机絮凝剂由于其用量小、絮凝速度快和受外界因素影响小,得到广泛的应用.它主要包括合成有机高分子絮凝剂和天然有机高分子絮凝剂.详细介绍了水处理有机絮凝剂的种类、使用性能及其研究进展.     

Water Soluble Polymer Flocculants: Synthesis,Characterization, and Performance Assessment

Water soluble polymer flocculants are important constituents of solid–liquid separation units for the treatment of a variety of process‐affected effluents. The systematic development of a flocculant relies on a good understanding of flocculation process, polymer synthesis, polymer characterization, and, not the least, flocculation performance assessment as desired for a particular treatment process, all of which are essential to establish meaningful relationships between flocculant microstructure and flocculation efficiency. The aim of this article is to communicate the bigger picture of this research area to the readers. The recent advances in the application of bio/natural, synthetic, and stimuli‐responsive flocculants are reviewed. Then, the basic polymer reaction engineering tools to control the microstructure of flocculants are provided and the techniques for the quantification of flocculant microstructure are concisely discussed. This is followed by a review of the methods used for the characterization of particle‐polymer force measurement, and flocculation/dewatering assessment with attention to the characterization of aggregate structures.