弯扭耦合共振式振动时效的参激稳定性分析

研究弯扭耦合共振消减转轴的残余应力的动力稳定性,对转子-轴承系统进行有限元离散,建立动力学模型。然后,对转子-轴承系统进行模态分析,得到合适的阵型。根据共振条件在共振转速之下用Newmark法求得转轴受到扭转振动激励的弯扭耦合位移响应和动应力响应,分析了转轴弯扭耦合共振特性。当转轴从零转速上升到耦合共振转速的过程中,通过Floquet稳定性理论和Poincaré法对参数激励系统进行周期稳定性分析。研究结果表明,弯扭耦合振动时效过程中的耦合动力特性明显,且振动是稳定的,对弯扭耦合共振理论应用于振动时效领域有一定的参考价值。     

负载激励下采煤机永磁电机转子系统弯扭耦合振动分析

为分析不同负载激励对电机转子-轴承系统弯扭耦合振动特性的影响,以采煤机永磁电机转子系统为例建立电磁激励下的电机转子-轴承系统,并将负载激励考虑到偏心转子模型中。利用Lagrange方程推导了负载激励条件下转子系统的弯扭耦合动力学方程并基于Runge-Kutta法进行数值仿真,重点分析了不同负载激励下电机转子系统的弯扭耦合振动特性。仿真结果表明,负载激励会加剧转子偏心程度,但对转子弯曲振动的频率响应影响较小,振动响应主要由转频分量决定;而负载扰动对转子系统扭转振动响应具有不同的效果,不仅在扭振响应中激发出相应的频率成分形成多周期运动,还会明显增加扭振角幅值(0.001 rad),振动响应主要由扰动频率和二倍转频分量决定。此外,负载激励中的低频成分将激发出较大的扭转振动响应(0.03 rad),加速传动系统的疲劳损坏,影响转子系统的安全稳定运行。研究结果可为采煤机转子系统主动减振策略研究提供参考。     

衍射光栅外差激光干涉法角振动校准技术研究

开展了角加速度校准方法的研究和基准装置的研制。介绍研制的稳态正弦角振动激励系统和衍射光栅马赫-泽德干涉仪,以及结合采用正弦逼近法外差测量技术。角加速度国家计量基准装置在角振动频率0.05 Hz~1.2 kHz、角位移大于300°和角加速度大于2000 rad/s~2测量范围内,可实现角加速度幅值和相位的精确测量。实验数据和测量不确定度分析结果表明,装置校准高精度角加速度传感器的测量扩展不确定度优于1%(k=2)。     

参数激励下带横向振动不稳定特性实测与计算

以发动机前端附件驱动系统中两相邻轮带段为研究对象,将带简化成轴向运动的粘弹性弦线,建立轴向运动弦线在张力和带速的参数激励下的非线性动力学方程;采用Galerkin方法将非线性运动偏微分方程离散为一组常微分方程,并用摄动法计算引起带横向振动不稳定特性的主/次谐共振频率范围。介绍发动机前端附件驱动系统中轮的角速度和带横向振动的实验装置和测试方法,识别出引起带横向振动不稳定特性的参数激励频率范围,带横向振动不稳定特性的共振频率范围计算值与实验值具有较好的一致性。实验结果表明带参数激励下横向振动的不稳定特性主要发生在带的次谐共振频率范围内;带段伸缩张力幅值越大,带在参数激励下横向振动的主/次谐共振频率范围就越大。     

基于动态信号分析仪的便携式振动校准器测量方法的研究

振动校准器是一种便于携带并能用于测振仪和振动传感器(压电加速度探头)的校准激励器。它的主要参数是:激励频率为159.15Hz(1000rad/s),加速度为10.0m/s~2(RMS),速度为10.0mm/s(RMS),位移为10μm(RMS)。因其具有频率单一、数据稳定、简便快捷的特点,经常被用作现场快速校准和检查的工具。目前的测量依据是JJG1062-2010《便携式振动校     

转子轴系弯扭耦合振动的次同步谐振分析

考虑次同步谐振对汽轮发电机转子轴系的影响,建立了低压缸转子和发电机转子弯扭耦合振动系统的非线性动力学模型。质量偏心是引起弯扭耦合振动的重要因素,偏心量越大弯扭耦合越明显。应用平均法得到系统的分岔方程,通过奇异性理论分析得出：转迁集将参数平面划分为四个不同区域,在不同的参数区域内系统的运动模式不同。应用解析和数值的方法分析了系统的分岔特性比较发现：在次同步谐振作用下,仅考虑扭转振动是不全面的,应该将弯曲振动和扭转振动同时考虑更为合理。该结果可以为该系统的参数设计和故障诊断提供理论依据     

非线性油膜力作用下叶片-转子-轴承系统弯扭耦合振动特性研究

建立了叶片-转子-轴承系统模型,并分析了考虑非线性油膜力作用下系统的弯扭耦合运动。为了考虑叶片弯曲变形的影响,将叶片模化为悬臂梁结构,利用假设模态法进行离散求解,通过Lagrange方法建立系统的运动方程,运用Runge-Kutta法对所得动力学方程进行数值求解,最终通过对分岔图、三维谱图、相图和Poincaré映射的分析,得到了叶片-转子-轴承系统中蕴含的各种复杂非线性动力学行为。通过与不考虑叶片的转子-轴承系统进行比较,指出叶片的弯曲振动使系统的不稳定区域提前,并在某些转速下激起系统的混沌运动。     

轧机主传动系统扭振减振器参数设计及特性分析

针对咬钢时突加负载时轧机主传动系统轴系的扭振现象,引入扭振减振器控制装置,建立电动机与扭振减振器的扭振抑制模型;通过对扭振减振器特性参数的设计,得出扭振减振器的惯量比、定调比、阻尼比;同时运用定点理论,得到最佳定调比和阻尼比;通过对比加入扭振减振器前后的时域特性曲线,得出扭振减振器能降低振动幅值;通过调节惯量比、扭转刚度、阻尼系数的大小,得出不同参数变化对轧机主传动系统幅频特性曲线的影响规律,适当的增大惯量比μ可以减小振动幅值,增大扭转刚度K_d可以缩小系统的不稳定区域,增大阻尼系数C_d可以有效降低系统扭转振动幅值,因此选取恰当的参数数值能有效提高轧机系统的稳定性。     

基于几何滤波效应的高速列车牵引变压器悬挂参数设计

为了对高速列车牵引变压器悬挂参数进行设计,提出了一种基于几何滤波效应的变压器悬挂参数设计思路。建立车辆-变压器耦合系统模型,推导了车辆振动响应功率谱密度函数,并从轨道不平顺激励函数、车辆设备耦合系统频响函数、车辆系统振动响应谱密度函数的角度出发探讨了滤波效应对车辆系统振动特性的影响,通过将变压器悬挂频率设计为滤波频率来衰减车体的弹性振动。研究结果表明:在低频范围车体极易因为轨道低频激励能量过大引起车体产生强迫振动;两种典型速度下,车体的低阶垂弯模态与轮轨激励共同作用导致车体产生较大振动幅值;车体的高阶垂弯模态因为滤波效应或者激励能量过低导致车体在高阶垂弯模态频率处振幅较小;对于设计时速250 km/h的高速列车,其变压器悬挂频率设计为9.8 Hz能显著衰减车体的弹性振动。研究结果可以为高速列车车下设备悬挂参数设计提供指导意义。     

高速齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动研究

针对实际高速齿轮转子系统,建立了考虑齿轮啮合及扭转作用的弯扭耦合非线性振动模型,推导了不平衡转子弯扭耦合振动的动力学微分方程,通过数值仿真方法得到了工作转速下齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动的特征图形,得出齿轮啮合、扭转作用下的齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动的特征,研究了偏心距、齿轮啮合刚度等参数对系统振动响应的影响规律,为齿轮转子耦合系统的结构优化设计、诊断和安全经济运行提供一定的理论依据.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.