人工神经网络在结构工程中的应用和发展

依据神经网络原理及其自身的特点，对其应用在结构优化设计、结构分析及可靠度分析等方面进行了综述和研究，并在此基础上分析了神经网络在结构工程中的研究方向。     

Structural reliability and error control in reinforced concrete design and construction

Available statistical data suggest that human error in design and construction causes a significant proportion of performance failures; namely, structural failure, cost overruns and delays. A Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) model has been developed to simulate the effect of human error on the design and construction of a reinforced concrete beam. The proposed HRA model incorporates the effect of designer checking, independent design checking, engineering inspections of construction works, and interaction between the designer and contractor. Human performance models are described for all design and construction microtasks. It was found that human error leads to a significant loss of structural safety, but that error control measures (particularly design checking) significantly reduce this loss. It was also shown that construction errors are more detrimental to structural safety and are more difficult to detect and correct.     

力学计算误差对结构设计的影响

从力学角度出发，结合具体的计算实例，就求解结构的最终弯矩图进行了论述，得出若Mp与M同号，则最终计算结果的相对误差小于中间步骤的计算误差，这是希望看到的结果；反之，若Mp与M异号，则最终计算结果的相对误差大于中间步骤的计算误差，应尽量避免这种情况。     

钢结构安装偏差分析及预防措施

利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,分析了某单层双跨钢结构由于安装偏差所造成的结构性能的影响,对不同的偏差组合进行对比分析,并采取一些措施来防止施工过程中最不利的偏差组合发生。     

单位工程质量控制资料的整理与核查

根据新修订建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准对单位工程质量验收合格的规定 ,结合验评标准表G .0 .1.12所列内容的要求 ,逐项作出说明 ,为施工单位整理资料以及监理、监督部门核查资料提供了依据     

Reliability aspects of structural control

To reduce the effect of lateral earthquake ground motion on structures, active control systems can be used. To-date, almost all the investigators have assumed that control forces are available immediately with precise magnitude as required. Using simulated earthquakes, it is shown that the failure probability is generally reduced by using a perfect control system. A time lag always exists, however, between the instant when a control force is needed and the instant when the required control force is actually generated. The time required to generate the desirable magnitude of the control force is termed the time-constant. The effect of these time factors on the reliability of structural control is investigated and illustrated with numerical examples.     

Quality control, proof testing and structural reliability

The implementation and evaluation of pre-investigation, proof testing and quality control in structural reliability is discussed and full compatibility with first order reliability methodology is established. Some supplementary examples and numerical results are given to highlight the methods.     

An assessment of high-order bounds for structural reliability

Second-order bounds are often used to estimate the reliability of series structural systems. However, the quality of second-order bounds is poor when the failure modes are highly correlated. This paper examines the merit of third and higher-order bounds. First, the general form of the nth-order upper and lower bounds is derived. Second, an efficient algorithm for computing the n-dimensional multinormal integral is presented. Finally, the performance of the third and fourth-order bounds is examined in three numerical examples. These bounds can provide significant improvement over the second-order bounds, particularly when the number of significant failure modes is small (less than 20) or when the correlations between modes are somewhat localized.     

Simulation of human error in a design loading task

Given that human error, particularly in design, causes a significant proportion of structural failures, it is of interest to develop a design task model that simulates the effect of human error in design. The development and analysis of a model for a typical design task (loading calculations for sizing a steel portal frame building) are described in the present paper. It is shown that human error in design loading calculations leads to a loss of structural safety.

A comparison of the results of the design task model with available survey data for the same task suggests that such models can realistically represent the effect of human error on the modelled process.     

结构可靠度计算的最优化方法及其Matlab实现

Matlab语言基本元素是矩阵，提供了各种矩阵的运算和操作，其中包含结构可靠度计算中常用的各种数值计算方法工具箱，基于这一特点，编制了计算结构可靠度的最优化方法及基于最优化原理的蒙特卡罗法Matlab程序。采用Matlab语言，使编程效率大大提高，且其语法简便，易于为广大工程技术人员掌握。     

Optimal strategy for inspection and repair of structural systems

A new strategy for inspection and repair of structural elements and systems is presented. The total cost of inspection and repair is minimized with the constraints that the reliability of elements and/or of the structural system are acceptable. The design variables are the time intervals between inspections and the quality of the inspections. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the strategy. The strategy can be used for any engineering system where inspection and repair are required.     

浅析工程质量监督中质量控制资料的核查

从建筑与结构部分质量控制资料包含的各个分项进行了详尽的论述和分析,提出了对质量控制资料核查的具体方法,进而给出了对质量控制资料完整性判定的建议,以使工程质量控制资料客观公正地反映工程质量状况。     

基于可靠度的结构抗震优化设计

介绍了结构抗震设计的目的与目标,并对基于概率可靠度的结构抗震设计方法进行了阐述,根据“投资—效益”准则,提出了基于功能的结构体系目标可靠度优化决策的三种模型,从而为结构抗震优化设计的进一步研究奠定了理论基础。     

土木工程结构设计类课程体系优化设置及建设的研究

分析了结构设计类课程体系设置上存在的问题,在确立了课程体系优化设置与建设基本目标的基础上,研究了理论教学课程体系和实践教学课程体系及内容的整合和优化设置,通过实践提高了学生工程结构设计能力和创新意识,缩短了学生工作时的适应期。     

Dominant failure modes in stochastic structural systems

In an analysis of redundant structural systems in which either or both loading systems and/or member resistances are stochastic variables, all modes of failure are potentially of significance in the calculation of structural reliability. In practice, however, many modes do not contribute very much, and a problem has been to identify those modes which are stochastically dominant.In this paper a general, iterative procedure called the Truncates Enumeration Method [TEM] to determine the most stochastically dominant modes is derived from successive systematic curtailment of the results which would be obtained by complete enumeration. In this way, it is shown that the procedure presented has the capability to produce all dominant modes to within the accuracy of the criteria used for curtailment. The method is similar to that proposed by Murotsu et al.It is also shown that the incremental load method (ILM), proposed by Moses et al., has certain features common to TEM, that both techniques are essentially incremental in nature and that both methods produced the same mode failure probability statement, each using quite distinct procedures. It is finally argued that the methods are not restricted merely to the materials behaviour properties studied thus far by their proponents.     

Detail control strategies for topology optimization in architectural design and development

With the ability to generate forms with high efficiency and elegant geometry, topology optimization has been increasingly used in architectural and structural designs. However, the conventional topology optimization techniques aim at achieving the structurally most efficient solution without any potential for architects or designers to control the design details. This paper introduces three strategies based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) method to artificially pre-design the topological optimized structures. These strategies have been successfully applied in the computational morphogenesis of various structures for solving practical design problems. The results demonstrate that the developed methodology can provide the designer with structurally efficient and topologically different solutions according to their proposed designs with multi-filter radii, multi-volume fractions, and multi-weighting coefficients. This work establishes a general approach to integrating objective topology optimization methods with subjective human design preferences, which has great potential for practical applications in architecture and engineering industry.     

谈混凝土工程结构实体检验的质量控制

结合自身工作实践,从混凝土工程结构实体检验的准备、实施、检测三方面的质量控制进行了分析,明确了混凝土工程结构实体检验的质量控制要点,以期指导实践,确保混凝土结构安全。     

Limitations of some of the approximate structural analysis methods that are used in structural system reliability

Structural system reliability often involves structures with non-linear behavior. In the reliability analysis, simplified structural models and simplified analysis procedures are used to model and analyze these structures. These simplified analysis procedures, for both frames and trusses, have their limitations. These limitations are illustrated in this paper through deterministic examples. It is recommended that further research be done on understanding the limitations of these methods and their effect on structural reliability analysis.     

A benchmark study on importance sampling techniques in structural reliability

Several widely used importance sampling methods for the estimation of failure probabilities are compared. The methods are briefly reviewed, and a set of evaluation criteria for the comparison of the methods is chosen. In order to perform a fair comparison the developers of the schemes were asked to solve a number of problems selected in view of the evaluation criteria. Their solutions are presented and discussed. Conclusions about the performances of the schemes under different circumstances are given.     

浅谈建筑工程施工过程的质量控制

介绍了施工过程中影响工程质量的主要因素，提出了建筑工程施工三个阶段质量控制的主要内容和方法，为以后建筑工程的施工提供有益的理论参考。